Ikhayithi elinomlomo obanzi (Macheiramphus alcinus) ngele-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zekhayithi elinomlomo obanzi
I-kite enomlomo obanzi inebukhulu obungu-51 cm, amaphiko ayo angamasentimitha angama-95 kuye kwayi-120. Isisindo - amagremu angama-600-650.
Yinyoni edla laphakathi nendawo enamaphiko amade, acijile afana nokhokho uma indiza. Amehlo aso amakhulu aphuzi afana nesikhova, futhi umlomo waso obanzi uyisidlakela ngempela kumzingeli onezimpaphe. Lezi zici ezimbili ziyizinguquko ezibalulekile zokuzingela kusihlwa. Izimpaphe zekhayithi elinomlomo obanzi ikakhulukazi zimnyama. Noma ubheka kahle, imininingwane eminingi yalo mdwebo ayinakwa ebumnyameni obuncane, lapho ethanda ukucasha khona. Kulokhu, ishiya elincane elimhlophe libonakala ngokusobala engxenyeni engenhla yeso.
Umphimbo, isifuba, isisu esinamabala amhlophe, akubonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha kuhlala kukhona.
Ingemuva lentamo linesikhala esifushane, esibonakalayo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Uqhwaku lubukeka luncane kakhulu ngenyoni engaka. Imilenze nezinyawo zinde futhi zizacile. Onke amazipho abukhali ngendlela emangalisayo. Owesifazane nowesilisa babukeka ngokufana. Umbala wezimpaphe wezinyoni ezincane awumnyama kangako kunowabantu abadala. Izingxenye ezingezansi zihluka kakhulu ngombala omhlophe. Ikhayithi elinomlomo obanzi lakha ama-subspecies amathathu, ahlukaniswa ubumnyama obuncane kumbala wezimpaphe nemithunzi emhlophe esifubeni.
Izindawo zokuhlala zomlomo obanzi
Ububanzi bezinhlobo buhlanganisa izindawo eziningi ezingafika kumamitha ayi-2000, okubandakanya amahlathi, amahlathi okwehlisa isithunzi, amasimu ehlathi eduze nezindawo zokuhlala nezihlahlana ezingavamile ukoma. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama kunqunywa ukuba khona kwezinyoni ezindizayo, ikakhulukazi amalulwane, asebenzayo kusihlwa.
Ama-kites anemilomo ebanzi akhetha amahlathi ahlala njalo anezihlahla ezikhula kakhulu.
Atholakala ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi enamakhasi futhi angahlala ema-savanna ezimweni ezomile lapho kunamalulwane nezihlahla. Emini, izinyoni ezidla inyama zihlala kuphela ezihlahleni ezinamahlamvu aminyene. Befuna ukudla, bangena ngisho nasemadolobheni.
Ukusabalala kwekayithi elinomlomo omkhulu
Ama-kites anemilomo ebanzi asatshalaliswa emazwenikazi amabili:
- e-Afrika;
- e-Asia.
E-Afrika, bahlala eningizimu yeSahara kuphela eSenegal, eKenya, eTransvaal, enyakatho yeNamibia. Izindawo zase-Asia zifaka iNhlonhlo yaseMalacca kanye neGreater Sunda Islands. Futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga enkulu yePapua New Guinea. Izinhlobo ezintathu ezingaphansi komhlaba zamukelwa ngokusemthethweni:
- UMnu a. I-Alcinus isatshalaliswe eningizimu yeBurma, entshonalanga yeThailand, ePeninsula yaseMalay, eSumatra, eBorneo naseSulawesi.
- M. a. papuanus - eNew Guinea
- M. andersonii utholakala e-Afrika kusuka eSenegal naseGambia kuya e-Ethiopia eningizimu kuya eNingizimu Afrika naseMadagascar.
Izici zokuziphatha kwekhethi enomlomo obanzi
Ikhayithi elinomlomo obanzi libhekwa njengesilwane esingajwayelekile esinezimpaphe, kepha lisabalele kunalokho okukholelwa kakhulu. Idla kakhulu kusihlwa, kodwa futhi izingela ngokukhanya kwenyanga. Lezi zinhlobo zamakhayithi azivamile ukuzulazula nokuzingela emini. Imvamisa, ngezikhathi zasemini, ifihla emaqabungeni aminyene ezihlahla ezinde. Sekuqala ukuhwalala, uphuma ngokushesha ezihlahleni bese endiza njengokhokho. Lapho izingela, ifinyelela ngokushesha isisulu sayo.
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama lusebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sokushona kwelanga. Emini, ama-kites anomlomo obanzi alala esihlalweni futhi avuke kusasele imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokuqala kokuzingela. Isilwane sibanjwa imizuzu engama-20 kusihlwa, kodwa ezinye izinyoni zizingela entathakusa noma ebusuku lapho amalulwane evela eduze kwemithombo yokukhanya yokufakelwa noma ekukhanyeni kwenyanga.
Ama-kites anemilomo ebanzi aqapha indawo eseduze nendawo yabo noma eduze kwamanzi amaningi.
Babamba inyamazane bese beyigwinya iphelele. Kwesinye isikhathi izidlakela ezinamaphiko zizingela ngokundiza zisuka egatsheni lesihlahla. Zibamba inyamazane yazo ngezinzipho ezicijile lapho zibaleka bese zigwinya ngokushesha ngenxa yomlomo wazo obanzi. Ngisho nezinyoni ezincane zishelela kalula emphinjeni wesilwane esinamaphiko. Noma kunjalo, ikhayithi elinomlomo omkhulu liletha inyamazane enkulu esidlekeni futhi lidle lapho. Ishwinye ibhethi elilodwa cishe kumasekhondi ayisithupha.
Ukondliwa komlomo omkhulu
Ama-kites anemilomo ebanzi adla amalulwane. Kusihlwa babamba abantu ababalelwa ku-17, ngamunye enesisindo esingu-20-75 g. Baphinde bazingele izinyoni, kufaka phakathi lezo ezizalela emihumeni yama-swiftlets eMalaysia nase-Indonesia, kanye nama-swifts, izinkonjane, izimbiza zasebusuku nezinambuzane ezinkulu. Ama-kites anomlomo obanzi athola inyamazane yawo osebeni lwemifula nakwezinye izindawo zamanzi, akhetha izindawo ezivulekile. Izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zidla izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane.
Ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe ngamalambu namalambu ezimoto, bathola ukudla emadolobheni nasemadolobheni. Uma kwenzeka ukuzingela kungaphumeleli, lesi silwane esinamaphiko senza ikhefu elifushane ngaphambi komzamo olandelayo wokubamba inyamazane. Izimpiko zayo ezinde zibhakuza buthule njengesikhova, esenza ngcono isimanga lapho sihlasela.
Ukuzalisa ikhayithi elinomlomo obanzi
Ama-kites anomlomo obanzi azala ngo-Ephreli eGabon, ngoMashi nango-Okthoba-Novemba eSierra Leone, ngo-Ephreli-Juni nango-Okthoba eMpumalanga Afrika, nangoMeyi eNingizimu Afrika. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zakha isidleke esihlahleni esikhulu. Yipulatifomu ebanzi eyakhiwe ngamagatsha amancane anamaqabunga aluhlaza. Isidleke sisezimfoloko noma egatsheni elingaphandle lezihlahla ezifana ne-baobab noma i-eucalyptus.
Kaningi, izinyoni zihlala esidlekeni endaweni eyodwa iminyaka eminingi.
Kunamacala aziwayo okwakha izidleke ezihlahleni edolobheni lapho kuhlala khona amalulwane. Insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-1 noma amabili aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwesinye isikhathi anamabala ansomi noma ansundu ekugcineni okubanzi. Zombili lezi zinyoni zifukamela ibamba izinsuku ezingama-48. Amachwane abonakala embozwe imfucuza emhlophe. Abasuki esidlekeni cishe izinsuku ezingama-67. Inzalo yondliwa ngowesifazane nowesilisa.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-Broadmouth kite
Inani eliphelele lama-kites anemilomo ebanzi kunzima ukunquma ngenxa yendlela yalo yokuphila yasebusuku kanye nomkhuba wokucasha emahlamvu aminyene emini. Lolu hlobo lwenyoni edla inyama luvame ukubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile. ENingizimu Afrika, ubukhulu bayo buphansi, umuntu oyedwa uhlala endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-450. Ezindaweni ezishisayo nasemadolobheni, ikhayithi elinomlomo obanzi livame kakhulu. Usongo olukhulu ebukhoneni bezinhlobo luvela ngamathonya wangaphandle, ngoba izidleke ezisemagatsheni amakhulu zibhujiswa yimimoya enamandla. Umphumela wezibulala-zinambuzane awukacaciswa.
Ikhayithi elinomlomo obanzi lilinganiswa njengezilwane ezinokusongela okuncane.
