Inqe (Gyps tenuirostris).
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenqe elinezinto ezincane
Inqe linosayizi ongaba ngamasentimitha angama-103. Isisindo - sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-2.6 kg.
Leli nenqe liphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu futhi libukeka lisinda kune-Gyps indicus, kodwa izimpiko zalo zifushane kancane futhi uqhwaku lwayo alunamandla njengoba lucekeceke kakhulu. Ikhanda nentamo kumnyama. Ezimpapheni, kunokuntuleka okusobala kwe-fluff emhlophe. Umhlane noqhwaku nakho kumnyama kunezinye izitho zomzimba. Kunemibimbi nezibaya ezijulile entanyeni nasekhanda, okuvame ukungabonakali entanyeni yaseNdiya. Ukuvuleka kwezindlebe kubanzi futhi kuyabonakala.
Iris imnyama nsundu. I-wax imnyama ngokuphelele. Amanqe amancane, anezinhlawulo ezincane ayafana nezinyoni ezindala, kepha anephaleni phansi enyaweni nasemhlane wentamo. Isikhumba entanyeni simnyama.
Indawo yokuhlala kwenqe elincanyana
Amanqe ahlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezindaweni eziphansi ezinamapulangwe amancane nasezintabeni kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Zivame ukubonakala endaweni eseduze nomuzi nasesilaheni. EMyanmar, lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zivame ukutholakala “ezindaweni zokudlela zamanqe,” okuyizindawo lapho kubekwa khona izidumbu ukuhlinzeka ukudla kwamanqe lapho ukudla kuyindlala emvelweni. Lezi zindawo, njengokujwayelekile, zikude ngamamitha angama-200 kuya ku-1,200, izilwane ezifile zokusinda kwezinyoni - izikhukhula zilethwa njalo lapho.
Amanqe akhokhiswe kancane ahlala ezindaweni ezomile, ezivulekile eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, kodwa futhi nezidleke ezindaweni ezivulekile kude nezindawo ezinkulu zokuhlala.
Ukusabalala kwenqe
Inqe lisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinamagquma ezintabeni zaseHimalaya, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya (esifundazweni saseHaryana) eningizimu yeCambodia, Nepal, Assam naseBurma. Kutholakala eNdiya, enyakatho, kufaka phakathi i-Indo-Gangetic Plain, entshonalanga, okungenani kuhlala eH Himachal Pradesh nasePunjab. Ububanzi buqhubekela eningizimu kuye eningizimu West Bengal (futhi mhlawumbe naseNyakatho Orissa), empumalanga ngaphesheya kwamathafa ase-Assam, nangaseningizimu yeNepal, enyakatho nasenkabeni ye-Bangladesh. Izici zokuziphatha kwenqe elincanyana.
Ukuziphatha kwenqe kufana kakhulu nokwamanye amanqe ahlala ezwekazini laseNdiya.
Zitholakala, njengomthetho, ngamaqembu amancane kanye nabanye abadla izidumbu. Imvamisa izinyoni zihlala eziqongweni zezihlahla noma zezintende. Bachitha ubusuku ngaphansi kophahla lwezindlu ezilahliwe noma ezindongeni ezindala eziseduze nendawo yokubulala, indawo yokulahla udoti emaphethelweni edolobhana nasezakhiweni eziseduze. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, yonke into ingcoliswe indle, edala ukufa kwezihlahla uma amanqe eyisebenzisa isikhathi eside njengeqhude. Kulokhu, amanqe akhokhiswe kancane alimaza amasimu omango, amasundu kakhukhunathi nezithelo zezithelo uma ehlala phakathi kwawo.
Amanqe anezinhlawulo ezincane ayesaba abantu futhi abaleke lapho esondela, adudule umhlaba ngamaphiko awo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanqe futhi ayakwazi ukuhamba ngokumangalisayo esibhakabhakeni futhi andize ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko awo. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi behlola indawo befuna ukudla futhi bahamba amabanga amade ukuthola izilwane ezifile. Amanqe anama-Thin ahamba ayindilinga amahora. Banamehlo abukhali ngokumangazayo, okubavumela ukuthi babone isidumbu ngokushesha okukhulu, noma ngabe kufihlwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Ukuba khona kwamagwababa nezinja kusheshisa ukusesha, okunikeza ngamathiphu angeziwe kumanqe ngobukhona bawo.
Isidumbu naso siyadliwa ngesikhathi sokurekhoda: kusuka kumanqe angama-60 kuye kwangama-70 ndawonye bayakwazi ukuhlanza isidumbu esingu-125 kg ngemizuzu engama-40. Ukumunca inyamazane kuhambisana nokuxabana nokuxabana, lapho amanqe enomsindo omkhulu ngokweqile, ayamemeza, amemeze, ahehe futhi awe.
Ukuba nokudla ngokweqile, ukuwa, amanqe anezinhlawulo ezincane baphoqeleka ukuba bachithe ubusuku emhlabathini, bengakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni. Ukuze aphakamise umzimba wawo osindayo, amanqe kufanele ahlakazeke, enze amaphiko amakhulu amaphiko awo. Kepha ukudla okudliwayo akuvumeli ukuthi bakhuphukele emoyeni. Imvamisa amanqe akhokhiswe kancane kufanele alinde izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze kugaye ukudla. Ngesikhathi sokudla, amanqe akha imihlambi emikhulu futhi aphumule ekhoneni lomphakathi. Lezi zinyoni zingabantu futhi ngokuvamile ziyingxenye yomhlambi ocacile, zihlangana namanye amanqe lapho zidla izidumbu.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenqe elikhokhiswa kancane
Isidleke samanqe akhokhiswe kancane aqala ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMashi. Zakha izidleke ezinkulu, ezihlangene ezingamasentimitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-90 ubude nokujula okungama-35 kuye kuma-50 cm.Isidleke singamamitha ayi-7 kuya kwayi-16 ngaphezu komhlaba esihlahleni esikhulu esiseduze nomuzi. Kukhona iqanda eli-1 kuphela ku-clutch; ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-50.
Cishe ama-87% wamachwane asindayo.
Ukudla kwamanqe
Inqe londla kuphela izidumbu, ezindaweni lapho kufuywa khona imfuyo futhi kudla imihlambi eminingi. Inqe liphinde licwebe udoti ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu nasezibhidlilini. Uhlola amathafa, amathafa kanye namagquma, lapho kutholakala khona ama-ungulates amakhulu asendle.
Isimo sokongiwa kwenqe
IVulture ikwiCRITICAL HAZARD. Ukudla isidumbu esiphethwe ngamakhemikhali kubeka engcupheni ethile yenqe. Inqe selinyamalele eThailand naseMalaysia, amanani alo ayaqhubeka ukwehla eningizimu yeCambodia, futhi izinyoni ziphila ngokudla okunikezwa ngabantu. ENepal, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNdiya le nyoni edla inyama nayo ayondlekile.
Inqe libizwa ngokuthi lisengozini enkulu.
Izinombolo ezinkulu zezinyoni ezwekazini laseNdiya zifile ngomuthi olwa nokuvuvukala i-diclofenac, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha imfuyo. Lo muthi udala ukungasebenzi kwezinso, okubulala amanqe. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zemfundo ezinikeza imininingwane ngemiphumela enobuthi yomuthi ezinyonini, abantu bendawo bayaqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa.
Umuthi wesibili wezilwane osetshenziswa eNdiya, i-ketoprofen, nawo uyabulala amanqe. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuba khona kwayo esidunjini lapho kugcwele khona kungadala ukufa kwezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izizathu ezithinta ukwehla kwenani lenqe:
- ukunciphisa inani lenyama ekudleni komuntu,
- ukuhlanzeka kwezilwane ezifile,
- "umkhuhlane wezinyoni",
- ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ukunyamalala okucishe kuphelele kwenqezi kungumphumela wokuqothulwa kwezilwane ezinkulu zasendle.
Kusukela ngo-2009, ukuze kulondolozwe inqe elikhokhelwayo elincane, sekuphinde kwaba nohlelo lokumiswa kabusha kwalezi zinhlobo ePingjor naseHaryana.
