Ama-parrot angabameleli abacacile besigaba esibanzi kakhulu futhi esiningi sezinyoni, ama-parrot oda kanye nomndeni iPsittacidae. Ama-parrot alethwa endaweni yaseRussia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nanhlanu. Ngenxa yesimo somphakathi sokuphila, amapholi akwazi ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani obanele ngokwanele. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwathola ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo azikwazi nje ukufunda ngokushesha nokukhumbula imiyalo, kepha futhi zinengqondo yokuhlaziya.
Incazelo yopholi
Namuhla, umndeni wakwaParrot umelwe yimikhaya emihlanu eyinhloko. Izipholi zeWoodpecker (Micropsitta), ezihlala eNew Guinea naseziqhingini eziseduze, zincane ngosayizi, futhi ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala abudluli ku-8-10 cm. Opholi baseLori (Loriinae) abahlala e-Australia, eNew Guinea, empumalanga ye-Indonesia nasePhilippines, ngokwezazi ezithile zentela, zihlukaniswe zaba umndeni ohlukile.
Abamele ipharbhethi lomndeni omncane iPsittacinae) bahlala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseMelika, kepha futhi bangatholakala e-Australia. Lezi zopholi zinomsila omfishane, oqonde ngqo noma oyindilinga futhi zihlala kuphela ezihlahleni. Isifunda saseNew Zealand iZoogeographic sibonakala ngokuba khona kwezikhova noma upholi bomhlabathi (Strigopinae), afana nokubukeka kwesikhova, kodwa anezimpaphe ezithambile. I-Nestorinae engajwayelekile kakhulu izalwa eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand.
Ukubukeka
Izici zangaphandle zezimpaphe zixhomeke endaweni yokuhlala yezimpaphe, ubulili bayo, kanye nezimpawu zezinhlobo zopholi. Ngokombono we-anatomical, ukwakheka kwangaphandle kwenyoni enjalo kumelwe ngenhla kwekhanda, ikhanda nangemuva kwekhanda, intamo, emuva nezimpiko, amahlombe, isifuba nesisu, imilenze nomsila. Opholi banamehlo amakhulu, futhi uhlangothi lwangaphambili lwamehlo lumbozwe i-cornea (ulwelwesi olusobala), lapho ilensi yemibala ehlukahlukene ibonakala ngokusobala. Umfundi utholakala engxenyeni emaphakathi yelensi. Indlebe yale nyoni ihlukene phakathi nangaphakathi, kanti izimbobo zezindlebe zimbozwe izimpaphe ezincane.
Uqhwaku lusetshenziswa ngopholi hhayi nje kuphela ngokubamba ngokuphepha ukudla namanzi okuphuza, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengokwesekwa okwengeziwe lapho ukhuphuka. Izinyoni zihlukaniswa yimisipha yomlomo ophakeme kakhulu nomhlathi wayo ongaphezulu ohambayo. Isisekelo somlomo sibonakala ngokuba khona kwe-wax ekhethekile yezimo ezahlukahlukene, imibala egqamile noma engenambala. Amakhala atholakala emgodini wezinyoni.
Izingaphambili ziyashintshwa, zimelwe ngamaphiko aqinile enzelwe ukundiza. Izimpaphe ezisezimpikweni zihlanganisa amaphiko okundiza nawentaba, futhi lapho evaliwe, ingxenye enjalo yomzimba igcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile linele lenyoni.
Umsila wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zopholi uhlanganisa izimpaphe ezinkulu zomsila eziyishumi nambili, ezihlanganisa umsila ongaphezulu nezethembiso zohlobo lwezembozo zemisila zobude obuhlukile. Imilenze yazo zonke izikhwenene ifushane uma iqhathaniswa futhi iqinile, ithuthukiswe kahle. Izinyoni zinezinzwane ezine ezinyaweni zazo, okwesibili nokwesithathu kwazo zinde impela, ziqondiswe phambili. Ingaphakathi kanye neminwe yangaphandle ibheke emuva. Izinzipho ezibukhali futhi ezigobeke ngokuqinile, zitholakala eminwe.
Ubukhulu bezinyoni
Izinhlobo eziningi zopholi ziphakeme ngokuphawulekayo kunezinye zazo ngosayizi ophakathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukukhula bafike kumitha ubude, yize kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo, osayizi bazo ukusuka emsileni kuya esihlokweni kungama-10-20 cm kuphela. Isigaba sopholi abakhulu sihlanganisa:
- amazons aphuzi futhi chenelitium;
- i-parrot-vase enkulu;
- ubuso obukhanyayo obukhanyayo buka-lori;
- i-cockatoo ukulila okunamaqabunga aphuzi nomnyama;
- upholi wesikhova;
- i-macaw ebomvu neblue-yellow;
- i-macaw hyacinth.
Ama-parrot amancane awabonakali kuphela ngosayizi wawo omncane kakhulu, kodwa futhi nangobuhle bawo bangaphandle. Izinyoni ezinjalo ezinemvelaphi exotic zivame ukuthanjiswa ngabantu, ziyasebenza futhi zihlakaniphile. Abamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni wopholi yizipholi ze-woodpecker, ubude bomzimba obungu-7-13 cm, obunesisindo esingeqile ku-12-13 gram. Opholi abafana nondlunkulu bezinhlobo zePasserine banomzimba ubude obungu-12-14 cm, ngesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-25-30 amagremu.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ezimweni eziningi, ama-parrot ahlala emihlambini yezinombolo ezahlukahlukene zabantu, kanti abanye bakhetha ngisho nokwakha izidleke emakoloni. Imihlambi yezinyoni ifuna amanzi nokudla iyakwazi ukwenza izindiza ezingapheli, ukunqoba amabanga abaluleke kakhulu nezindawo eziguqukayo.
Izinyoni zivame ukuhlala emigodini, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zihlala emigodini noma emigodini enamadwala. Ukumemeza nokumemeza okukhulu okuvela ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezinkulu kakhulu kumane kungabekezeleleki endlebeni yomuntu. Zopholi ezincane, njengoba umthetho, babe izwi kunalokho emnandi futhi emnandi.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokuphikisana nombono oyiphutha osakazeke kakhulu wabakhileyo, isilinganiso sempilo sikapholi singaba yiminyaka eyikhulu noma nangaphezulu, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zesibindi esinde emndenini wezinyoni, kepha imvamisa amalungu omndeni ahlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka.
Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphila sama-budgerigars ajwayelekile ekuthunjweni simaphakathi neminyaka eyi-12-13, kepha zonke izilwane ezifuywayo eziyikhulu zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, futhi wonke upholi wenkulungwane uyakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-18-19. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila esiqondile ekuthunjweni kwama-Amazon aseCuba amashumi amane eminyaka.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izitho zangasese zopholi zitholakala ngaphakathi komgodi wesisu. Abesilisa babonakala ngokuba khona kwama-testes amise okwenziwe ngobhontshisi kanye nama-vas deferens avuleka ku-cloaca. Kwabesifazane, i-ovary engakwesobunxele ivame ukukhula kahle, futhi kukhona ne-oviduct ende engabhangqiwe evuleka ku-cloaca. Kulokhu, amaqanda ngaphakathi kwe-ovary awakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye.
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuwo wonke amapholi akhona manje ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Abesifazane abadala nabesilisa bezinyoni ezinjalo banemibala ecishe ifane. Okuhlukile kulo mthetho namuhla kuvezwa kuphela ngabamele izinhlobo zopholi Noble, lapho umehluko wombala wobulili ubonakala kakhulu futhi usho ukuthi esikhathini esithile esidlule, abesifazane nabesilisa babephutha njengezinyoni ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo zopholi
Ngokuya ngohlu lwamanje lwentela futhi ngokuya ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zama-ornithologists, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-350-370 zomndeni wopholi, ama-cockatoos, nesterovs, loriaceae.
Ama-Amazoni
Ama-Amazon angabamele uhlobo lwasendulo lwopholi, owaziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sikaColumbus. Izinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu ngosayizi zifinyelela kuma-40 cm ubude, zihlukaniswa ukubukeka kwazo okuhle, ukudlala, kanye nokukwazi ukuxhumana okunengqondo impela. Izimpaphe ziphethwe umbala oluhlaza, kepha kunezinhlobo ezinamabala agqamile emsileni, endaweni yekhanda namaphiko. Izici zendawo yokuhlala kanye nombala kubonakala kumagama ezinhlobo ezikhona: ama-Amazon abheke okwesibhakabhaka namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anentamo ephuzi, iVenezuela, iCuba kanye nabanye.
I-Macaw
Ama-Macaws ngopholi abakhulu kunabazalwayo, ubude bomzimba wabo bufinyelela imitha elilodwa. Izimpaphe zabameleli bezinhlobo ziphethwe yimibala egqamile futhi ecebile, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu nephuzi. Isici sezinhlobo zezici ukuba khona kwezindawo ezingenazo izimpaphe ezinhlangothini eziseceleni zekhanda, kanye nasemehlweni. I-macaw enezindlebe ezibomvu ivelela indlebe yayo yomculo nokulingiswa okuhle kakhulu komsindo wezinsimbi zomculo. Phambilini, izinyoni ezinjalo bezigcinwa njengabalindi, zazisa abaninizo ngokukhala kwabo okukhulu ngokubonakala kwezihambi.
Ukulinganisa
Ukulinganisa kungabameleli bopholi abancane kakhulu ngosayizi. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba womuntu omdala simayelana no-20-30 cm.Izinyoni ezinjalo zibonakaliswa ngomlingiswa ojabulayo futhi onobungane kakhulu. Esimweni sasekhaya, lezi zopholi zibizwa ngothando ngokuthi "zinamathela". Amehlo amhlophe futhi libalele, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zegolide sekuyisikhathi eside kunqobe ochwepheshe bezinyoni ezifuywayo ezingaphandle ezinemibala egqamile kuzimpaphe. Ububi obukhulu bezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane buhlanganisa izwi elibukhali futhi elizwakala kakhulu, upholi onjalo ongakwazi ukulishicilela nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
Zopholi abelungu abamhlophe
Ama-parrot anezinwele ezimhlophe yizinyoni ezikweleta igama lazo elingafani nezici zokubukeka kwazo. Zopholi abaphakathi nendawo babonakala ngokwakhiwa okugcwele futhi anemibala, izimpaphe ezimibalabala kakhulu emaphikweni, emuva, emsileni nasekhanda. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ziza ngezinhlobonhlobo zemibala ephuzi, ewolintshi noluhlaza okotshani. Iqembu lamapholi anekhanda elibomvu nelinamakhanda amnyama ligqamile. Ngokwemvelo, lezi yizinyoni ezimnandi zokuzijabulisa ezinengqondo ebuzayo, ezinokubekezela nobukhali obusheshayo.
Isikhondlakhondla noma upholi
I-fan fan yinyoni enesilinganiso esimaphakathi esinombala wezimpaphe ohlukile. Abantu abakhanyise ukukhanya banezimpaphe ezinsundu ezinhlangothini zamakhanda abo, izimpiko eziluhlaza, nentamo ebomvu nesifuba esimnyama. Zonke izimpaphe ezingaphambili zinomngcele oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpaphe ezimnyama ebunzini azivamile kohlobo. Ipholi yomlandeli ibizwa ngegama lakhe lokukwazi ukuphakamisa izimpaphe ngesikhathi senjabulo, ngenxa yokuthi kwakheka ukhololo oyingqayizivele ekhanda, ngombala nangesimo esifana nesigqoko samaNdiya aseMelika. Lokhu kubonakala kunikeza upholi ubukhali nobudlova, cishe ukubukeka kwe-hawkish.
Ama-Budgies
I-budgerigar iyinyoni encane encane eyaziwa kahle ngokuxoxa kwayo nokubukeka kwayo okukhangayo. Ngokwemvelo, umbala we-herbaceous wakhonza njengesivikelo esinokwethenjelwa esinezimpaphe ezitheni. Umehluko phakathi kwabamele lezi zinhlobo ubukhona bezinhlayiya ezibubende nezimnyama ezihlathini, futhi igama lichazwa ukuvuka okumnyama kwezinyoni. Ngenxa yemisebenzi eminingi yokuzalanisa, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-budgies lakhuliswa, okwashesha kwaba yizinyoni zokuhlobisa ezivame kakhulu ukundiza kahle.
Izipholi zondlunkulu
Ama-pararrow pararr ahlala emahlathini omhlume atholakala eduze kwamachibi aseBrazil, eMelika naseColombia, lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zivame kakhulu. Izinyoni ezinamaphaphe aluhlaza okotshani, ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihlobisa ukubukeka kwemvelo. Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala abudluli ku-14-15 cm.Izinyoni ezinjalo zinomsila omfushane nohlamvu olunempilo, zinesibindi kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlasela izinyoni ezinkulu kunazo. Ngokuya ngezimpawu zombala, izihlobo zaseMexico, ezinamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezinobuso obuphuzi nezinye izihlobo ziyahluka. Abamele izinhlobo zilungele ukuzala lapho zinonyaka owodwa.
UJaco
AmaJaco ngopholi ababonwa njengamanje njengezinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezithuthuke kakhulu, ubuhlakani babo obufana nezinga lokukhula kwengane eneminyaka emithathu noma emine. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza kabusha imisindo, abamele lezi zinhlobo bayakwazi ukunquma izimo lapho imithwalo ye-semantic efanelekile khona. Umlingiswa walesi silwane esinezimpaphe kubhekwa njengokuyinkimbinkimbi, okudinga indlela ekhethekile. Usayizi wopholi omuhle futhi ohlakaniphile ulingene, nobude bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela ku-30-35 cm, ngosayizi womsila ongaphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-8 kuya kwayi-9. Umbala wezimpaphe ubukhulu bomlotha ubomvu noma ubomvu.
Upholi we-Emerald
Upholi we-emerald namuhla ungabameleli bodwa bezinhlobo, ukuhlangana nakho akuvamile kakhulu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zomphakathi zikhetha ukuhlangana ngamaqembu abantu abayishumi nesithupha. Ngezikhathi zendlala noma isimo sezulu esibi, imihlambi emincane iyahlangana, ngakho-ke, lapho indiza, izinyoni ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukwakha "amafu ezinyoni" amakhulu, aluhlaza. Emahlamvu ohlaza, amapholi amaningi abonakala encibilika, achazwa kalula umbala we-emerald wezimpaphe. Abamele lolu hlobo banemilenze eqinile enezinzipho ezigoqwe kakhulu ezinzwaneni. Umlomo oxhumekile, njengokungathi uguqulwe ukumba njalo inyamazane encane emhlabathini noma ukufuna izinambuzane kumagxolo ezihlahla ezingalingani.
Cockatoo
Amateurs amaningi kanye nabathandi bezinto eziningi bazisa kakhulu abamele ama-subspecies ahlukahlukene opholi be-cockatoo ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo okuvelele nobukhulu obukhulu. Abantu abakhulu balolu hlobo bafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-60-70. Uqhwaku olunamandla noluthuthuke kahle lwale nyoni lufana nokusika izintambo ngosizo, lapho igobolondo lamantongomane livulwa khona yizinyoni. Uma ufisa, i-cockatoo ingaluma kalula futhi ngokushesha ucingo. Isici esivelele sokubukeka kwe-cockatoo ubukhona besikhala esihlekisayo. Umbala womhlobiso omuhle kangaka, njengomthetho, uhlukile kumbala wezimpaphe eziyinhloko. Umbala ongemuva ubonakala ngokugqama kwemibala ebomvu, emhlophe nophuzi. I-Cockatoo enezimpaphe ezimnyama ayivelakancane.
Upholi wesikhova
IKakapo iyinyoni yasendulo elahlekelwe ngokuphelele amandla okundiza ngenkuthalo. Ngenxa yezimpaphe ezihlohla ikhanda, ukubonakala kopholi wesikhova kuyefana nokwesikhova. Izimpaphe ezithambile nenyama emnandi ngendlela emangazayo yale nyoni isibe ngesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuqothulwa kwamaphara, inani labantu elisindile ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezikude eNew Zealand. Inyoni enkulu inesisindo esifinyelela ku-4 kg, inezwi elikhulu, elifana nezingcingo ze-bittern, ukukhononda kwengulube noma ukukhala kwembongolo. Umbala wezimpaphe uyefana nezingubo zokufihla. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngesizinda esiphuzi-luhlaza esinezindawo ezinsundu nezimnyama. Abantu abadala kakapo bahola indlela yokuphila yodwa, bakhetha izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Zopholi baseNew Zealand
Opholi baseKakariki noma baseNew Zealand bangabesigaba sezinyoni zasekhaya ezaziwayo ezingazinzile emvelweni. Izinyoni ezincane ezinomsila omude wombala oluhlaza okotshani. Lapho zigcinwe ekuthunjweni, ngaphandle kwekheji, kubalulekile ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo zinikeze inkululeko yokuhamba amahora amane noma amahlanu ngosuku. I-Kakariki yizinyoni ezimnandi zokuzijabulisa ezingakhombisa ukuzimela kwazo ngokuphelele futhi zigweme uthando kumnikazi wazo.
AbakwaNestors
I-Kea noma i-nestors, ngokusho kwezazi zezinyoni, zathola igama lazo ngenxa yokukhala okungavamile, okufana kakhulu nomsindo "ke-e-a-a-a". Opholi balezi zinhlobo bathanda izindawo zezintaba ezisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwenkulungwane nengxenye ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle. Izindawo ezinjalo zibonakala ngeqhwa, imimoya nenkungu. UKea ubekezelela ngokuthula ngisho neziphepho futhi uyakwazi ukwenza ubuqili endizeni njengeziqhwaga zangempela. Izimpaphe zomnqumo zale nyoni zisuswa wupertail obomvu osawolintshi kanye nezimpaphe ezigqame kakhulu engxenyeni engaphakathi yamaphiko. Izimpaphe eziyinhloko zamaNestors zihlotshiswe ngemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. UKea namuhla ungowesigaba sabamele abakhaliphe kakhulu emndenini kapholi.
Ama-parrot we-ringed noma umgexo
Izinyoni ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezinomusa zinomsila oyisici futhi onyathele. Abantu abadala banomzimba wobude obuphakathi nendawo, obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-45-50. Lezi zinhlobo zopholi zihlukaniswa ngokuba khona komgexo ophawuleka kakhulu entanyeni noma umugqa omnyama ocacile onombala omnyama ngendlela yohlobo lukathayi. Ama-parrot aphikisiwe anombala oluhlaza ikakhulu, kanti izinyoni zisebenzisa uqhwaku lwazo ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni, okuchazwa yimilenze ebuthakathaka futhi engakhuli kahle kakhulu.
URosella
URosella uyathandwa ngabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezinamaphiko angajwayelekile ngokuzola kwawo, kanye nezimpaphe ezingavamile kakhulu ezifana nezikali zenhlanzi ngombala. Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezinjalo zibonakala ngemibala egqamile, emelelwa amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abomvu, aphuzi namnyama. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zikwazi ukujwayela cishe noma iziphi izimo, ngakho-ke zazi kalula iziza zamapaki namapaki, zijwayele ngokushesha okuqukethwe ekhaya. Ukuthandwa kwe-rosellas kungenxa yobumnandi bamazwi abo, kanye nokuthanda ukucula kamnene.
Zopholi baseSenegal
Izinyoni ezingajwayelekile zosayizi ophakathi zibonakala ngamaphiko amade kakhulu. Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo bavame ukwenza ubuqili obulula kakhulu besekisi. Ukuvela kwezinyoni kuhlukaniswa yisisu esiwolintshi nomhlane oluhlaza, kanye nezimpaphe ezimpunga endaweni yekhanda. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthambisa abantu basendle, kepha amatshwele akhuliswe ezinkulisa avumelana kalula futhi ngokushesha agcinwe ekuthunjweni.
Eclectus
Upholi walolu hlobo uhlukaniswa nokuziphatha okuhle. Izinyoni ezinjalo zibonakala ngokuvuleleka okuphelele nothando, futhi ngenxa yokuzenzela kwazo, ziyakwazi ukuba umngane wangempela nomngane womuntu. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buhluka kusuka ku-35-37 kuya ku-43-45 cm.Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni zinezimpaphe ezintekenteke ezinombala ocebile, futhi izimpiko ezibabazekayo nezinemibala ziyakwazi ukunika inyoni ukubukeka okukhangayo.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinyoni ezinombala we-variegated zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo njengamanje zihlala e-Australia, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yendawo yokuhlala yalezi zinyoni itholakala eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi. Ingxenye encane yopholi bahlala e-Afrika nasemazweni aseNingizimu Asia. Ngokuvamile, ama-parrot athanda amahlathi, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingahlala ezindaweni ezisemaqeleni nasezintabeni. Izindunduma zomuhlwa ezilahliwe, imingxuma nemingxuma kusebenza njengezindawo zokuhlala izinyoni.
Ukudla kopholi
Njengamanje, kunemindeni embalwa: ama-cockatoos nama-parrot. Umndeni we-cockatoo wawungumndeni omncane esikhathini esithile esedlule. Izazi eziningi zentela zihlukanisa imindeni engezansi yeNestorian neLoriaceae njengemindeni ehlukene. Ngasikhathi sinye, imindeni embalwa namuhla inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-316-350.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yalolu hlobo ingeyesigaba sezinyoni ezidla imifino, ezondla imbewu nezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ama-rhizomes, kanye nohlaza, izingxenye ezibucayi kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Amanye ama-parrot adla umpe, umuthi wezihlahla kanye nempova. Opholi basebenzisa izinambuzane ezincane njengokudla kwamaprotheni.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Inzalo enempilo futhi eqinile yakhiwa ngazimbili zezinyoni zemindeni eyahlukene. Ngasikhathi sinye, iminyaka lapho amapholi ekulungele ukuzala, ezinhlotsheni eziningi, ifika onyakeni owodwa nohhafu noma emibili, futhi izinkomba zokukhiqiza eziphezulu kakhulu ziyabonwa ezinyonini ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Kopholi, ukuziphatha okunodlame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana akuyona into eyejwayelekile.
Opholi esidlekeni ikakhulukazi emigodini, kepha bangasebenzisa imisele noma iziduli zomuhlwa ngale njongo. Izimpaphe ezimweni eziningi zinomfazi oyedwa. Kwabamele izinhlobo ezincane ezihlala emihlambini emikhulu, ngazimbili ezakhiwe kwesinye isikhathi ziyaqhekeka ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezithile ezingathandeki, kufaka phakathi ukufa komlingani, isidleke esingaphumeleli, noma isilinganiso sobulili esingajwayelekile.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zizala kanye ngonyaka, kanti izinhlobo ezincane zingaba nokuhlangana okumbili kuya kwemine phakathi nenkathi. I-clutch yezinyoni iyahluka ngosayizi futhi ingaqukatha amaqanda ayi-1-12 (imvamisa 2-5). Njengomthetho, abesifazane kuphela abafukamela amaqanda. Amachwane azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi ehamba ze, futhi abazali bondla izingane zabo ngokubhinca ku-goiter wabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zopholi ziyizilwane ezinkulu ezinezimpaphe, kanye nezilwane eziningi ezidla inyama. Inyama yezinhlobo ezithile zopholi, ikakhulukazi ama-cockatoo nama-Amazons, isetshenziswa ngokuzikhandla njengokudla ngamaNdiya endabuko ahlala endaweni yaseNingizimu Melika, kanye nabomdabu base-Australia.
Ngokobufakazi babahambi nososayensi, upholi we-macaw kudala wakhuliswa ezinye izizwe zamaNdiya e-Amazon. Izinyoni ezikhuliswe ngale ndlela azibulawelwa inyama, kepha zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukha izimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezimibalabala ezidingekayo ekwenziweni kwezigqoko zekhanda zomkhosi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-parrot, njengabamele lezi zinhlobo, abekhona kusukela ngekhulu lesihlanu BC. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziningana, lenyoni yaqothulwa ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo ezikhanyayo nezinhle, futhi yabanjwa ukuze igcinwe ekuthunjweni. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo nakho kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwenani lezinyoni ezinjalo. Ezinye izinhlobo sezivele zinyamalale ngokuphelele noma zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Njengamanje, okulandelayo kubhalwe ku-Red Book (IWC):
- Upholi wendabuko wase-Australia;
- upholi wesiqhingi sase-seychelles;
- ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zopholi base-Amazonia;
- upholi ovamile wemithi;
- kakapo (upholi wasebusuku noma wesikhova).
IKakapo ithathwa njengeyanyamalala endaweni yayo yemvelo, ngakho-ke abameleli bezinhlobo zigcinwa namuhla kuphela ezinkulisa ezizimele naseziqiwini. Ngaphezu kwalezo ezisohlwini, izinhlobo ezingavamile zifaka i-Inca cockatoo, i-blue macaw, i-golden arata, i-Amazon yasebukhosini, kanye ne-Macaw yaseCuba kanye ne-Solomon cockatoo.
Ukongiwa kwezinhlobo ezingavamile kwenziwa ezingeni likahulumeni nelamazwe omhlaba. Ngale njongo, inani lezindawo zokugcina izilwane zasendle kanye nezinqolobane liyakhula, ukufuya kwezinyoni ekuthunjweni kuqinisekiswa ngokukhululwa okulandelayo kwezinyoni endaweni yazo yemvelo. Impi elwa nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinyoni ngezinyoni okungajwayelekile ezweni ngokungekho emthethweni nakho kwamukelwa njengesebenzayo.
