I-hermit buzzard (Buteo solitarius) ingeka-oda le-Falconiformes.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-buzzard yodwa
I-hermit buzzard inesayizi yomzimba engamasentimitha angama-46. Amaphiko ayo ingamasentimitha angama-87 - 101. Isisindo senyoni edla inyama sifinyelela kuma-441 amagremu. Ubukhulu besifazane bukhulu kunobo besilisa; insikazi enkulu inesisindo esifinyelela ku-605 g.
Yinyoni encane edla inyama enamaphiko abanzi nomsila omfishane. Umbala wezimpaphe uvezwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: mnyama futhi ilula, yize izimpaphe eziphakathi nendawo, ukuhlukahluka ngakunye kungenzeka. Izinyoni ezinezimpaphe ezimnyama phezulu nangaphansi komzimba zinombala ngokulinganayo onsundu ngokugqamile. Izimpaphe zomthunzi ofanayo, kufaka phakathi ekhanda, esifubeni nasezindlini ezingaphansi.
Abantu abanemibala ekhanyayo banekhanda elimnyama, isifuba esikhanyayo kanye nezimpaphe ngaphakathi kwephiko. Ngezansi kwezimpaphe zimhlophe ngokumakwa okubomvu.
Ama-buzzards amancane amakhemikhali anesembozo sezimpaphe ezincane, ngaphandle kwamaphiko. Kubantu abadala be-morph emnyama, izimpaphe ezingezansi zinombala onsundu onsundu. Kunezimpawu zokukhanya ezibonakalayo esiswini. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, mhlawumbe kowesifazane, ikhona lesikhumba livela ngaphezu komlomo ophuzi.
Kodwa-ke, ama-buzzards amancane amakhemikhali avame ukuba nsundu ngezimpaphe ezimhlophe zeminye yemhlane nesisu.Kwezinyoni ezindala ziyehluka ngombala ophaphathekile wezimpaphe zekhanda nesifuba, zibomvu kancane. I-wax iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imilenze iphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani.
Indawo yokuhlala iHermit Buzzard
Ama-buzzard aseHawaii asatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene kuze kufike kumamitha angama-2 700. Bahlala ezindaweni zombili zezolimo kanye nawo wonke amahlathi akulesi siqhingi, kufaka phakathi izindawo zomtholo nezomgamthilini. Zikhetha ukwakha izidleke ezihlahleni zeMetrosideros, ezikhula kancane kancane futhi zinyamalale kancane kancane.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama ziye zajwayela izinguquko ezithile ze-anthropogenic futhi zihlala emaphethelweni emasimini omoba, i-papaya, i-macadamia, emasimini nasezivandeni, lapho zizingela khona izinyoni ezidlulayo namagundane. Kepha okudingeka ukuba khona kwama-buzzard azimele wukuba khona kwezihlahla ezinkulu, eziqhelelene kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala inenani elanele lemithombo yokudla (inqwaba yamagundane). Ngakho-ke, ushintsho lwendawo yokuqala yokuhlala kanye nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokutshala izitshalo ezitshaliwe akuzona, okungenani, okuyisithiyo ekukhiqizweni kwe-buzzard ye-hermit.
Ukusabalala kwebhungane lomzwangedwa
I-hermit buzzard ivame kakhulu eziqhingini zaseHawaii. Kutholakala ikakhulukazi esiqhingini esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ubukhona bayo buyaziwa eziqhingini eziseduze: iMaui, i-Oahu neKauai.
Izici zokuzala zebuzzard yodwa
Isikhathi sokufukamela ama-buzzard akhe ngoNdasa futhi siqhubeka kuze kube nguSepthemba. Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kunokubhangqa okukhulu. Umehluko omkhulu ezikhathini zokuzalela uncike emvuleni yonyaka ngesikhathi semvula. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, izinyoni ezimbalwa zindiza futhi zindiza ngamaphiko antengantengayo futhi zithinte umlingani ngezidladla zazo. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, izinyoni ezidla ezinye ziba nolaka, zivikele indawo yazo. Bahlasela noma ngubani ophula imingcele yendawo ethile, kubandakanya nomuntu.
Zombili izinyoni zakha isidleke.
Lesi yisakhiwo esikhulu samagatsha abo, esisogatsheni oluseceleni lomuthi omude ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-3.5 kuya kwayi-18 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Isidleke singamasentimitha angaba ngu-50 ububanzi. Insikazi izalela iqanda elilodwa kuphela, okuluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo noma okumhlophe okuluhlaza okotshani. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-38, futhi sonke isikhathi sokudlela sisukela ezinsukwini ezingama-59 kuye kwezingama-63. Iduna liletha ukudla emavikini amane okuqala. Iphesenti lokuchamusela amaphuphu ngempumelelo lisuka ku-50 kuye ku-70%. Ama-buzzards amancane ezinyoni enza izindiza zawo zokuqala emavikini angu-7-8.
Amabili ama-buzzard aqandusele ngempumelelo inzalo yawo ngokuvamile awazalanisi ngonyaka olandelayo. Ama-buzzard ezindala ezindala aphakela izinyoni ezincane amanye amasonto angama-25-37 ngemuva kwezimpaphe zawo.
Ukuphakelwa kweHermit Buzzard
Ama-Hermit buzzards awakhethi kakhulu ngokudla futhi ayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokudla okuhlukile kuya ngokutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza. Ukudla kwabo kwanda kakhulu ngokuthuthuka kweziQhingi zaseHawaii ngabasePolynesia kanye nabaseYurophu - ababekoloniyali, abahlinzeka ngamathuba amasha okudla.
Njengamanje, inyamazane ye-hermit buzzards ifaka izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingama-23, izilwane ezincelisayo eziyisithupha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekudleni kufaka izinambuzane eziyisikhombisa, kanye nama-amphibian nama-crustaceans.
Ukwakheka kokudla kuyehluka kuye ngezindawo lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni.
Ezindaweni eziphansi, lapho izidleke zitholakala emahlathini noma eduze kwezitshalo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, izinyoni zezilwane zizingela izinyoni ezincane, ezakha iningi lezilwane ezibanjiwe (cishe ama-64%). Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ukudla okuyinhloko yizilwane ezincelisayo, cishe ama-84%. Emathafeni, kukhona nomehluko ekudleni okuncike ebulilini bezinyoni: abesilisa babamba izinyoni eziningi kunabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinamagquma, akukho mehluko owaphawulwa ekudleni kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo sabantu buzzard
Ukwehla kwesibalo sama-buzzards wodwa kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko endaweni yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezilimo zezolimo. Ukungeniswa kwama-ungulates asekhaya kuthinta kabi isimo samahlathi futhi kucindezela ukuvuselelwa kwawo. Okokuqala, izihlahla zezinhlobo zendawo ziyanyamalala, lapho kuhlala khona ama-buzzards. Futhi esikhundleni sazo izitshalo ezingaphandle zikhula, zishintsha indawo yokuhlala. Umhlaba usetshenziselwa amadlelo, ukutshala u-eucalyptus, ukwakhiwa, ukulinywa ukutshala umoba.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwebhungane elizodwa
I-buzzard yodwa ibhalwe ku-Appendix II eya kwi-CITES. Kuvikelwe njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka e-USA. Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN, lubhekwa njengolusengozini. Ngemuva kocwaningo olwenziwe kulesi siqhingi ngo-2007, sekusungulwe uhlelo lokuqapha ukuze kungafakwa indawo yokudla kwemfuyo endaweni evuselelayo.
Njengamanje, isibalo sabantu buzzard sithathwa njengezinzile. Ukwehla kwangaphambilini kwesibalo sezinyoni ezidla inyama kungenxa yokudutshulwa okungalawuleki nezinye izindlela zokuphishekela ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lezinhlobo zezilwane lehlile ngenxa yesifo somkhuhlane wezinyoni.
