Igundane elinezingono eziningi (iMastomys) elingezamagundane futhi lingelomndeni wegundane. I-taxonomy yohlobo lwe-Mastomys idinga ukucwaningwa okuningiliziwe nokuzimisela kwamabanga ezindawo zezinhlobo eziningi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zegundane lezingono eziningi
Izici zangaphandle zegundane lezingono eziningi ziyefana nezici zokwakheka kwazo zombili amagundane namagundane. Izilinganiso zomzimba u-6-15 cm, ngomsila omude u-6-11 cm.Isisindo segundane lezingono eziningi lingama-gramu angama-60. I-mastomis inamabhangqa ayi-8-12 ezingono. Lesi sici sinikele ekwakhiweni kwegama elithile.
Umbala wejazi ungwevu, ubomvu ophuzi noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ngaphansi komzimba kukhanya, mpunga, noma kumhlophe. Kwi-mastomis empunga, i-iris imnyama, futhi kumuntu onombala omnyama, obomvu. Umugqa wezinwele wegundane mude futhi uthambile. Ubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha ayi-6-17, umsila u-6-15 cm ubude, isisindo esingu-20-80 amagremu. Abesifazane bezinhlobo ezithile zamagundane e-polyamide banezindlala ezingama-24 ezincelisayo. Leli nani lezingono alijwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo zamagundane. Kunohlobo lwe-mastomis olunezindlala ezingama-mammary eziyi-10 kuphela.
Ukusabalalisa igundane lezingono eziningi
Igundane elinamabele amaningi lisatshalaliswa ezwenikazi lase-Afrika eningizimu yeSahara. Inani elingalodwa eNyakatho Afrika eMorocco.
Izindawo zegundane le-polymax
Amagundane ama-Poly-nest ahlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ze-biotopes.
Zitholakala emahlathini omile, ema-savanna, ezingwadule ezingama-semi. Bahlala emaphandleni ase-Afrika. Abatholakali ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuncintisana namagundane ampunga namnyama, okuyizinhlobo ezinolaka.
Ukunika amandla igundane lezingono eziningi
Amagundane anezingono eziningi adla imbewu nezithelo. Ama-invertebrate akhona ekudleni kwawo.
Ukuzalela igundane lezingono eziningi
Amagundane ama-multilayer athwala amancane izinsuku ezingama-23. Bazala amagundane angama-10-12 angaboni, angaphezulu kwabangu-22 Banesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-1.8 futhi embozwe ngamafushane, mancane phansi. Ngosuku lweshumi nesithupha, amehlo amagundane ayavuleka. Insikazi yondla inzalo ngobisi amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane. Ngemuva kwamasonto ama-5-6, amagundane azondla ngokwawo. Lapho unezinyanga ezingu-2-3 ubudala, amagundane amancane e-polymax abeletha inzalo. AmaMastomis anezinkukhu ezi-2 ngonyaka. Abesifazane baphila iminyaka emibili, abesilisa baphila cishe iminyaka emithathu.
Igundane elinezingono eziningi ligcinwa ekuthunjweni
Amagundane anezingono eziningi asinda ekuthunjweni. AmaMastom agcinwa ngumndeni omncane eqenjini, okuvame ukufaka owesilisa oyedwa nabesifazane aba-3-5. Lolu hlobo lwesithembu ngokwemvelo. AmaMastomis awasindi wodwa, ayacindezeleka. Amagundane ayayeka ukudla.
Ukuze kulondolozwe amagundane anezingono eziningi, amakheji ensimbi anezinduku ezivamile, kanye nethreyi ene-lattice.
Ukuthi nje amagundane anamazinyo abukhali akwazi ukukhululeka esakhiweni esiqinile kancane. Ingxenyeni ewugqinsi yokhuni ikhekhe idla ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphakathi, igumbi lihlotshiswe ngezindlu, iziphunzi, amasondo, isitebhisi nezindawo zokulala. Kunconywa ukuthi wenze okokuhlobisa ngokhuni, hhayi ipulasitiki. Utshani, utshani obuthambile, utshani obomile, iphepha, uthuli lwesaha lubekwa phansi. Kodwa-ke, uthuli lwezinkuni oluvela ezihlahleni ze-coniferous lukhipha izinto ezinephunga elimnandi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-phytoncides, ezingacasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lwasekhaleni namehlo amagundane. Ukuhogela intuthu elukhuni kumagundane kuthuthukisa ukulimala kwesibindi, futhi ukuzivikela komzimba kuyaphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, kungcono hhayi ukusebenzisa sawdust for ulwelwesi.
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, iseli lihlanzwa njalo.
Ethoyilethi, ungafaka isitsha esincane ekhoneni lezinja. Izinqubo zamanzi ngeke zilethe injabulo kumagundane anezingono eziningi. Amagundane aqoqa uboya bawo ngokugeza esihlabathini. AmaMastom agcinwa ngamaqembu. Umndeni uphethwe owesilisa oyedwa ngaphezu kwabesifazane aba-3-5. Iyodwa, igundane elinezingono eziningi alisindi futhi liyeke ukondla.
Amagundane amaningi anikezwa izingcezu zezithelo nemifino. Ukudla kungafaka:
- isaqathe;
- ama-apula;
- ubhanana;
- i-broccoli;
- iklabishi.
Kufakwa isitsha sokuphuza ngamanzi ehhokweni, elishintshwa njalo ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
AmaMastomisi ayinto ethokozisayo yokubukwa. Ziyizilwane ezihambayo, ezifuna ukwazi. Kepha, njengazo zonke izilwane ezifuywayo, zidinga ukunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa nokuxhumana. Baba nolaka futhi besabe uma bengakhulumi nabo.
Isimo sokonga segundane lezingono eziningi
Kunezinhlobo ezingavamile zeMastomys awashensis phakathi kwamagundane e-polymax. Ifakwe kuhlu njengelisengozini ngoba inebubanzi obulinganiselwe bokusatshalaliswa futhi ihlala endaweni engaphansi kuka-15,500 km2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala iyaqhubeka yehla, kunezindawo ezingaphansi kwezingu-10 kwezinye izindawo.Ububanzi buyayeka kakhulu, yize kwezinye izindawo amaMastomys awashensis athutha emhlabeni olimekayo. Lezi zinhlobo zivame kakhulu e-Ethiopia Rift Valley, ukusatshalaliswa kwegundane elingavamile kugcinwa engxenyeni encane yesigodi esingenhla soMfula i-Avash. Konke ukuhlangana neMastomys awashensis kuyaziwa kusuka ogwini olusempumalanga yeLake Coca, eNational Park. Izindawo zokuhlala zirekhodwe ogwini lweLake Zeway. Amagundane atholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Emaphethelweni oMfula i-Avash, iMastomys awashensis ihlala emahlathini amade otshani omtholo kanye namatshe amnyama kanye nomhlaba wezolimo oseduze.
Lolu hlobo aluveli ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba wokuhlwanyela izitshalo ezitshaliwe kuyingozi ngqo ebukhoneni bohlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane.Lolu hlobo lungasongela kungekudala. Lolu hlobo lutholakala e-Awash National Park. Kuyadingeka ukugcina izindawo ezifanele zalesi silwane M. awashensis kwehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezimbili M. erythroleucus noM. Natalensis ku-karyotype (ama-chromosomes angama-32), ukuma kwe-Y chromosome, ukwakheka kwezitho zangasese, nezici zesikali somsila. Izici ezihlukile zezinhlobo ezintathu zase-Ethiopia zibonisa iphethini yokuvela kwemvelo.
Izimpawu ezikhona zokungafani azikacwaningwa ngokuningiliziwe ngabezentela. Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi ezifanayo morphologically ziyehluka kwinhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezakhiwa ezindaweni ezivulekile ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi azitholakali kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni eziphansi ezomile. Lesi sigodi, nezilwane zaso ezingamagundane eziyingqayizivele, siyingxenye esemqoka yesifunda sase-Ethiopia esinokuhlukahluka okuphezulu kwezilwane neziphephelo. IMastomys awashensis ikuluhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, Isigaba 2.
