I-coot, noma, ngamanye amagama, i-coot iyinyoni yasemanzini, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi, njenge, isibonelo, i-moorhen noma i-crake crake, yomndeni womalusi. Le nyoni encane, enombala omnyama inesici esisodwa sangaphandle esithandekayo: indawo emhlophe noma enemibala enesikhumba ekhanda engamboziwe izimpaphe, njengomthetho, ukuhlangana nomlomo wombala ofanayo. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi i-coot yathola igama layo.
Incazelo ye-coot
Njengabanye abelusi, i-coot yinyoni encane uma iqhathaniswa nohlobo lwama-cranes, ehlala eduze nemifula namachibi... Phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe, ngaphezu kwama-moor, abajahi, ama-corncrakes nabelusi, kukhona ne-takahe exotic ehlala eNew Zealand futhi yathathwa njengeyashabalala kwaze kwaba muva nje. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo zama-coots eziyishumi nanye emhlabeni, kanti eziyisishiyagalombili zazo zihlala eNingizimu Melika.
Ukubukeka
Izinhlobo eziningi zamachashazi zihlukaniswa yimpaphe emnyama, kanye noqwembe olunesikhumba esiphongweni, futhi, ngokungafani namachashazi aseYurophu, le ndawo akuyona imhlophe ezihlotsheni zazo zaphesheya kwezilwandle: ngokwesibonelo, ingaba umbala obomvu futhi ophuzi ngokugqamile, njengasebubomvu futhi icazi elinamaphiko amhlophe, elidabuka eNingizimu Melika. Njengomthetho, onke mancane noma aphakathi ngosayizi - amasentimitha angama-35-40. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwamachashazi kukhona nezinyoni ezinkulu impela, njengamabhokisi amakhulu nezimpondo, ubude bomzimba wazo bungaphezu kuka-60 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imilenze yamachashazi inesakhiwo esimangalisa ngokuphelele: inamandla amakhulu futhi inamandla, ngaphezu kwalokho, ifakwe izindwani zokubhukuda ezikhethekile ezisezinhlangothini zezinzwane, ezivumela lezi zinyoni ukuba zihambe kalula emanzini nasenhlabathini egudle ulwandle.
Kubo bonke abamele lolu hlobo lohlobo, imilenze nesinqe kunesakhiwo esikhethekile esivumela ama-coots ukubhukuda nokuntywila kahle, nakho okubahlukanisa nezinye izinyoni zomndeni wabelusi.
Okuthengiswayo ezinhlotsheni eziningi kumhlophe futhi izimpaphe zithambile. Iminwe yamachashazi, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni zasemanzini, ayihluzwa ulwelwesi. Esikhundleni salokho, anezinhlayiya ze-scalloped ezivuleka emanzini lapho zibhukuda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imilenze yamachashazi inombala othokozisayo: imvamisa umbala wayo uyahlukahluka kusuka kophuzi uye kolintshi omnyama, izinzwane zimnyama, futhi ama-lobes akhanya kakhulu, imvamisa amhlophe kakhulu.
Izimpiko zamachashazi azide kakhulu, ngoba eziningi zalezi zinyoni zindiza ngokungananazi futhi zikhetha ukuphila impilo yokuzihlalela. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izinhlobo zazo ezihlala enyakatho Nenkabazwe zifuduka futhi zingahamba amabanga amade impela endizeni.
Ensimini yaseRussia, kuphela uhlobo olulodwa kwezingu-11 zalezi zinyoni: i-coot ejwayelekile, isici sangaphandle esiyinhloko sinezimpaphe ezimnyama noma ezimpunga kanye nebala elimhlophe ekhanda, elihlangana noqhwaku lombala ofanayo. Usayizi wecoot ejwayelekile enosayizi wesilinganiso sedada, ubude bawo abudluli kuma-38 cm, kanti isisindo saso singu-1 kilogram, yize kukhona nezibonelo ezinesisindo esifinyelela kuma-1.5 kilograms.
Umzimba, njengowezinye izinyoni zalolu hlobo, uminyene... Izimpaphe zimpunga noma zimnyama ngombala ompunga ngokukhanyayo ngemuva. Esifubeni nasesiswini, kunombala ompunga oshunqayo. Umbala wamehlo ubomvu ngokugqamile. Izinyawo ziphuzi noma zisawolintshi ngesifinyezo semetatarsal esimpunga nezinzwane ezinde ezinde, ezinamandla ezimpunga. Izindwani zokubhukuda zimhlophe, zifana nombala wendawo engenazimpiko ekhanda nasemlonyeni.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwa kahle: abesilisa bakhulu nje kancane kunabesifazane, banomthunzi omnyama wezimpaphe, futhi banophawu olumhlophe kancane ebunzini. Amachashazi amancane anombala onsundu, isisu nomphimbo wazo kunombala ompunga okhanyayo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Ama-coots ikakhulukazi abuyela emuva. Okuhlukile yizinyanga zasentwasahlobo, lapho lezi zinyoni zifuduka, ngaleso sikhathi zikhetha ukwenza izindiza zazo ebusuku. Bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke emanzini: emifuleni noma emachibini. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni zomndeni womalusi, ama-coots abhukuda kahle. Kepha emhlabeni, bashesha kakhulu ukushesha futhi beshesha kunasemanzini.
Uma isengozini, i-coot incamela ukungena emanzini noma icashe emahlathini kunokukhwela ephikweni bese indiza ihambe: ivame ukuzama ukungandizi ngokungadingekile. Ishona ijule - ifike kumamitha amane, kepha ayikwazi ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ayizingeli lapho. Izindiza ngokungathandi futhi kanzima, kepha ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze isuke, kufanele isheshise emanzini, igijime cishe amamitha ayisishiyagalombili ebusweni bayo.
Wonke ama-coot ayakhohliseka ngokumangazayo futhi avumela abawaxoshayo ukuba basondele eduze kwabo, ngoba yiluphi lwezinhlobo zalezi zinyoni ezazihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo esezivele selukhokhile ngempilo yalo ngenxa yobuwula balo futhi lwaqothulwa ngokuphelele ngabazingeli. Izici zezinhlamvu zamachashazi njengokukhohliseka ngokweqile kanye ne-naivety zikwenza kube isisulu esilula sabadliwayo, kanye nabantu abalizingelayo. Kepha, ngasikhathi sinye, banikeza nososayensi nabathandi bemvelo kalula ukuthi babuke lezi zinyoni endaweni yazo yemvelo futhi benze izithombe ezisezingeni eliphakeme lapho zifakwa khona.
Ngentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-coots ancamela ukwenza izindiza zasebusuku zodwa noma ngamaqembu amancane. Kepha ezindaweni zobusika bazo, lezi zinyoni zihlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu yamashumi, kwesinye isikhathi ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimbotshana ezifudukayo zinohlelo lokufuduka oluyinkimbinkimbi, lapho izinyoni ezivela kubantu abaningi zivame ukuhamba ngezindlela ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ezinye zazo zindiza zize ziye ebusika zisuka eMpumalanga Yurophu ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kanti enye ingxenye yamachashazi avela kubantu abafanayo ifudukela e-Afrika noma eMiddle East.
Mangaki ama-coots ahlala
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinyoni zimane zamukeleka kalula, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, zinezitha eziningi endaweni yazo yemvelo, eziningi zazo aziphili ukuguga. Kodwa-ke, uma bekwazi ukungafi ngenhlamvu yomzingeli noma ngozipho lwesilwane esidlayo, bangaphila isikhathi eside impela. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka yamaphuphu amadala kunawo wonke wabanjwa namaringi aneminyaka elishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ama-coots ajwayelekile cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.... Indawo abahlala kuyo ifaka iningi le-Eurasia, inyakatho ye-Afrika, i-Australia, iNew Zealand nePapua New Guinea. Futhi lokhu, kungakhulunywa ngezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zama-coots ezikhethe iMelika njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ubude obunjalo bobubanzi bazo abuchazwa okungenani ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinyoni azihlukani othandweni lwazo lohambo olude, futhi, lapho zihlangane nesiqhingi esithile olwandle phakathi nezindiza zazo, azivami ukundiza ziye kude, kepha zihlala lapho ingunaphakade.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uma izimo endaweni entsha zivele zizinhle, ama-coots ngeke azame ngisho nokubuyela ezindaweni zawo ezindala, kepha, asele esiqhingini, azoqala ukuzala ngenkuthalo futhi aguquke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze kamuva, esikhathini esizayo esikude noma esiseduze isibalo sabantu esaba yisisekelo sezinhlobo ezintsha, ezivamile zalezi zinyoni.
Uma sikhuluma ngensimu yaseRussia, khona-ke umngcele osenyakatho webanga le-coot ugudla ku-57 ° -58 ° latitude, futhi enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia ufinyelela kuma-64 ° latitude enyakatho. Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zinyoni zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi asemahlathini asemahlathini nasezintabeni. Ezinye zezindawo ezihlala kakhulu kuzo kungamachibi nezizalo zemifula ezikhungethwe ngotshani nemihlanga, kanye namathafa ezikhukhula zemifula eyisicaba egeleza ngokukhululeka.
Ukudla kwe-Coot
Ngokuyinhloko, ama-coots ajwayelekile adla ukudla kwezitshalo, isabelo "semikhiqizo" yezilwane ekudleni kwabo asidluli i-10%. Zidla ngenjabulo izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo zasemanzini, kanye nembewu yazo. Phakathi kwezibiliboco abazithandayo kukhona i-pondweed, i-duckweed, i-hornwort, i-pinnate nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-algae. Ama-coot akazimisele kangako ukudla ukudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane, ama-molluscs, izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nefry, kanye namaqanda ezinye izinyoni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Coots, yize ebonakala ukuthi aphansi ngosayizi kuma-swans, imvamisa athatha ukudla kuwo kanye namadada asendle ahlala emadamini afanayo njengawo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Iqhwa liyinyoni eyodwa futhi, lapho selifikile ebusheni, lifuna umlingani ohlala njalo. Isikhathi sokuzalanisa sezinyoni ezihlala phansi siyahlukahluka futhi singathonywa yizinto ezinjengokudla kokudla noma izimo zezulu. Ekuphambukeni okufudukayo, ngemuva kokubuyela ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngokushesha. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziziphatha ngomsindo futhi zisebenza kakhulu, futhi uma imbangi ivela eduze, owesilisa uba nolaka impela, uvamise ukugijimela kwelinye ichoko lesilisa futhi angaqala nokulwa naye.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana, ama-coots ahlela uhlobo lokudansa emanzini: owesilisa nowesifazane, bememeza, babhukude babhekane, ngemuva kwalokho, lapho besondela, bahlakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile noma babhukude bahlangane, iphiko nephiko.
Ama-coots ahlala endaweni yezwe lethu ngokuvamile ahlela izidleke zawo emanzini, ezihlahleni zomhlanga noma emhlangeni. Lesi sidleke uqobo lwaso, esakhiwe ngamaqabunga notshani bonyaka odlule, ngaphandle sifana nenqwaba yotshani obolile kanye namagatsha, kuyilapho singanamathiselwa ngesisekelo saso phansi echibini, kepha futhi singahlala phezu kwamanzi. Kuyiqiniso, esimweni sesibili, sinamathiselwe ezitshalweni eziphakathi nendawo.
Ngenkathi zifukamela amaqanda, ama-coots angaba nolaka futhi aqaphe ngokucophelela impahla yazo kwezinye izinyoni, kufaka phakathi abamele uhlobo olufanayo. Kepha lapho kuvela umuntu ongaziwa, okungaba yingozi kumachashazi noma enzalweni yabo, izinyoni eziningana ziyahlangana ukuze zixoshe lowo ophule ukuthula kwengqondo kwazo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-coots afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili asezindaweni ezingomakhelwane angabamba iqhaza naye.
Ngenkathi eyodwa, owesifazane ubeka imvuthu engafika kwemithathu, futhi, uma kweyokuqala kuwo inani lamaqanda alula, anesihlabathi-mpunga anezimpawu ezibomvu ngokugqamile angafinyelela ezingcezwini eziyi-16, khona-ke imivimbo elandelayo iba mincane. Ukufukamela kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-22, futhi kokubili owesilisa nowesilisa babamba iqhaza kukho.
Ama-coots amancane azalwa amnyama, anemilomo ebomvu esawolintshi futhi nomthunzi ofanayo ufakwe phakathi komkhuhlane nasekhanda. Cishe ngemuva kosuku, bayashiya esidlekeni balandele abazali babo. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi amaphuphu awakakwazi ukuzinakekela emasontweni okuqala angu-1.5-2 wokuphila, ama-coot amadala sonke lesi sikhathi atholela izingane zawo ukudla, futhi futhi awafundise amakhono adingekayo ukuze aphile, awavikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye futhi awafudumeze. ebusuku lapho kusapholile.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-9-11, izinyoni ezincane zingandiza zithole ukudla, ngakho-ke sezivele zikwazi ukuzinakekela. Kule minyaka yobudala, baqala ukugcwala emhlambini, futhi ngale ndlela bathuthela eningizimu ekwindla. Ama-coots amancane afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngokuqondene nezinyoni ezindala, ngalesi sikhathi, ziqala i-molt yangemva kokuzalela, lapho ama-coots engakwazi ukundiza ngakho-ke acasha ezihlahleni eziminyene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izihlobo zaseTropical zeqhwa elijwayelekile - ezinkulu nezimpondo, zakha izidleke zosayizi abakhulu impela. Owokuqala uhlela izihlenga zomhlanga ezintantayo emanzini, zifinyelela kumamitha amane ububanzi kanye no-60 cm ukuphakama. Iqanda elinezimpondo lakha izidleke zalo enqwabeni yamatshe, elizigoqele lona ngomlomo walo liye endaweni yokwakha izidleke, kuyilapho isisindo samatshe sisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwakha singafinyelela kumathani ayi-1.5.
Izitha zemvelo
Endle, izitha zamachashazi yilezi: i-marsh harrier, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinkozi, i-peregrine falcon, i-herring gull, amagwababa - amnyama nampunga, kanye nezimpisi. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-otter neziminki kuyingozi kuma-coots. Izingulube, izimpungushe nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama zivame ukucekela phansi izidleke zama-coots, okuthi kwehlise kancane inani lalezi zidalwa ezizala kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yokuzala kwabo, ama-coots, noma okungenani izinhlobo zazo eziningi, azibhekwa njengezinyoni ezingavamile futhi azidingi izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela.... Okuwukuphela kwento okungenzeka ukuthi iqhude laseHawaii, okuyizinhlobo ezisengozini futhi manje eseyinyama eseMascarene, okuthe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 lahlala kahle eziqhingini zaseMauritius naseReunion laze laqothulwa abazingeli.
Ngokuvamile, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI, isimo sokongiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-coots singabonakala ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ukukhathazeka Okungenani: Ama-American, Andes, anamaphiko amhlophe, amakhulu, akhokhiswa ophuzi, abheke phambili ngokubomvu, ajwayelekile futhi ajwayelekile.
- Vala endaweni esengozini: Ama-West Indian nama-coots anezimpondo.
- Izinhlobo ezisengozini: Iqhwa laseHawaii.
Usongo olukhulu ekuchumeni kokuphila kwama-coots lumelelwa yizilwane ezizingelayo ezethulwe futhi zajwayezwa ezindaweni zazo zokuqala, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu, ikakhulukazi, ukukhipha izinkambu nokusika imithambo yomhlanga. Abazingeli, phakathi kwabo inyama yamachashazi abhekwa njengesibiliboco, nabo banegalelo ekwehleni kwenani lalezi zinyoni.
Ngokuqondene ne-West Indian kanye neqhuzwana elinezimpondo, babhekwa njengabasesichengeni hhayi ngoba babhujiswa kakhulu noma ukuthi imifula namachibi abahlala kuwo kuyakhanywa, kodwa ngoba indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinyoni impela mncane. Futhi, noma ngabe akukho lutho olusongela lezi zinhlobo njengamanje, isimo singashintsha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isibonelo, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yenhlekelele ethile yemvelo eshintshe indawo abahlala kuyo.
Ama-coots yizinyoni ezikwazile ukuhlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwezifunda ze-circumpolar kanye ne-polar. Mhlawumbe alikho izwekazi lapho bekungeke kwenzeke ukuhlangana nalezi zidalwa ezingavamile ezihlala emifuleni nasemachibini. Zonke, ngaphezu kokuvamile kwalolu hlobo lwendawo engamhlophe enamabala noma enombala ekhanda kanye nezindwani eminweni, nazo zihlanganiswe yizinto ezinjengokungafuni ukundiza ngokungadingekile nokuzala okumangazayo ezinyonini.
Kungenxa yalezi zimfanelo ezimbili ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zama-coots zisaphila futhi zichuma. Futhi ngisho nokungajwayelekile kwazo, amathoyizi aseHawaii, anethuba eliphakeme kakhulu lokusinda uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini.
