I-ameiva enkulu (Ameiva ameiva) ingeyomndeni wakwaTeiida, ukuhleleka okungahambi kahle.
Ukusabalala kwe-ameiva enkulu.
I-ameiva enkulu isatshalaliswa eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Itholakala ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeBrazil nangaphakathi enkabeni yeNingizimu Melika, ogwini olusentshonalanga yeColombia, i-Ecuador nePeru. Ububanzi balezi zinhlobo budlulela kude ngaseningizimu, engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Argentina, kudlule eBolivia naseParaguay bese kudlulela eGuiana, eSuriname, eGuyana, eTrinidad, eTobago nasePanama. Muva nje, kutholakale i-ameiva enkulu eFlorida.
Indawo yokuhlala yomdondoshiya ameiva.
Ama-Giant ameives atholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, atholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil e-Amazon Basin, akhetha ama-savanna namahlathi emvula. Izibankwa zicasha ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezinqwaba zamaqabunga omile, emifantwini phakathi kwamatshe, emigodini, ngaphansi kweziqu eziwile. Imvamisa zigcwala ubumba olushisayo kakhulu nezindawo ezinesihlabathi. Ama-Giant ameives ahlala emasimini, ezingadini nasezindaweni ezivulekile zamahlathi.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeemeiva enkulu.
Ama-Giant ameives yizibankwa ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nesisindo somzimba cishe esingu-60 g nobude obungu-120 kuya ku-130 mm. Zinomzimba ojwayelekile ohlangene, ubude bawo obufinyelela ku-180 mm kwabesilisa. Amapuleti we-cranial aphakathi nendawo angama-18 mm ububanzi. Ama-Giant ameives anezimbobo zesifazane ohlangothini lwe-ventral yemilenze yabo yangemuva. Usayizi wepore uyefana kwabesilisa nabesifazane, cishe ubukhulu obuyi-1 mm. Kwabesilisa, umugqa owodwa wama-pores wehla ngomlenze, kusuka ku-17 kuye ku-23, kanti kwabesifazane kukhona kusuka ku-16 kuye ku-22. Izimbobo zezinsikazi kulula ukuzibona, lokhu kuyisici esikhethekile sokukhomba uhlobo. Umzimba osele umbozwe ngezikali ezibushelelezi. Umbala wabesilisa nabesifazane uyefana. Kodwa-ke, intsha ihlukile ngombala kubantu abadala. Kuma ameime abantu abadala, umugqa ophuzi ugijima ngemuva, kwizilonda ezincane umhlophe. Ngaphezu kwale migqa emboze uhlangothi lwasemuva lomzimba, yonke eminye imibala ibomvu onsundu ngombala obomvu. Isisu simhlophe. Abesilisa, ngokungafani nabesifazane, banezihlathi.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-ameiva enkulu.
Imininingwane emincane iyatholakala mayelana nebhayoloji yokuzala yama-ameives amakhulu. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siphakathi nesikhathi semvula. Abesilisa bathambekele ekuqapheni abesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Izinsikazi zichamisela amaqanda isikhathi esifushane futhi zivame ukucasha emigodini yazo ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, isikhathi sokuchanyuselwa cishe izinyanga eziyisi-5, kanti inzalo ivame ukuqandusela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula.
Usayizi we-clutch ungahluka kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-11 futhi kuya ngendawo yokuhlala nosayizi wowesifazane. Iningi lamaqanda lizalelwa ama-ameives ahlala eCerrado, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-5-6. Inani lamaqanda abekiwe lihlobene ngqo nobude bomzimba wowesifazane; abantu abakhulu bakhiqiza amaqanda amaningi. E-Cerrado, abesifazane bangabeka ama-clutches angafika ku-3 ngesikhathi ngasinye sokuzala. Kodwa-ke, ama-Giant Ameives angazala unyaka wonke ezindaweni lapho lina khona ngokuqhubekayo unyaka wonke. Ezindaweni ezinenkathi eyomile, ukuzala kwenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi semvula. Isizathu esikhulu kukholakala ukuthi ngukushoda kokudla kwezimbungulu ezindala kanye nezinsizwa ngezikhathi zonyaka ezomile. Abesilisa abancane bavame ukukhula ngokushesha kunabesifazane. Ama-Giant ameives akwazi ukuzala ngobude bomzimba obungu-100 mm, cishe izinyanga eziyi-8 ngemuva kokuvela kwawo.
Ayikho imininingwane ngempilo yezibankwa ezinkulu endle. Kodwa-ke, ngokususelwa kokunye ukubonwa, kungacatshangwa ukuthi bangaphila iminyaka engu-4.6, baboshwe kuze kube yiminyaka engu-2.8.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-ameiva enkulu.
Ama-Giant ameives awazona izinhlobo zezilwane zendawo. Indawo yokuhlala yomuntu oyedwa igqagqana neziza zezinye izibankwa. Ubungako bendawo ehlala abantu buya ngosayizi nobulili besibankwa.
Isakhiwo sowesilisa sinendawo engaba ngu-376.8 sq. m, ngenkathi owesifazane ehlala endaweni encane enesilinganiso esingu-173.7 sq. amamitha.
Izindlala zesifazane, ezisogwini olungaphakathi emilenzeni yangemuva yama-giant ameiva, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni ubukhulu bensimu. Izindlala zesifazane nazo zidlala indima ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwezilwane ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lezi zindlala zesifazane zikhipha izinto ezikhethekile ezithinta ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi naphakathi kwezicubu. Bayasiza ukumaka insimu, besabisa izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi bavikele inzalo ngezinga elithile. Uma kunengozi, ama-ameives amakhulu afuna ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela, futhi uma lokhu kungenakwenziwa, bazama ukuzivikela futhi balume.
Njengazo zonke ezinye izibankwa, ama-ameives amakhulu angalahla umsila wawo lapho ebanjwa yizilwane ezidlayo, lolu luhlu olubomvu olwanele ukuze izibankwe zizifihle.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwe-ameiva enkulu.
Ama-Giant Ameives adla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla. Ukwakheka kokudla kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesifunda nendawo yokuhlala, ngokuvamile kuqukethe izinambuzane. Izintethe, izimvemvane, amabhungane, amaphela, izibungu, izicabucabu kanye nomuhlwa kudlangile. Ama-Giant ameives nawo adla ezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa. Isisulu asidluli usayizi wezibankwa uqobo.
Indima ye-ecosystem ye-gieme ameiva.
Ama-Giant ameives athwala izinhlobonhlobo zezilwanyana ezincane eziyisidlakudla. Amagciwane ajwayelekile akhona ematheni, kumaseli we-epithelial, nasezinsizakalini zesibankwa. Abazingeli abaningi badla izibankwa ezinkulu, baba yizisulu zezinyoni nezinyoka ezahlukahlukene. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezibankwa ezihlala eNingizimu Melika, azihlali endaweni eyodwa futhi zigwema ukuhlaselwa ezindaweni ezivulekile, zicashe ngejubane elikhulu. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo luyisixhumanisi esibalulekile emaketangeni okudla ama-buzzard emigwaqo, ama-kestrels aseMelika, ama-Guira cuckoos, ama-mockingbirds amnyama anezinyoka nezinyoka zamakhorali. Izinhlobo zezilwane ezidliwayo ezinjengama-mongoose namakati afuywayo azidli izibankwa ezinkulu.
Okusho umuntu.
Ama-Giant ameives angathwala amagciwane ezifo ezithile, ikakhulukazi i-salmonellosis, eyingozi kubantu. Izinga lokutheleleka liphezulu kakhulu ePanama nase-Ecuador. Ama-Giant Ameives anolaka lapho egcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Zisiza ngokuhlala eduze kwamasimu anezilimo zezitshalo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukudla kwabo ikakhulukazi kunezinambuzane, ngakho-ke balawula inani ukugcina izinambuzane zezitshalo.
Isimo sokongiwa kwe-ameiva omkhulu.
Njengamanje, ama-giant ameives ahlangabezana nezinsongo ezithile ezinombolweni zawo, ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulondoloza lolu hlobo azisetshenziswanga kubo.
