I-Pangasius noma i-shark catfish (isiLatin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), inhlanzi enkulu, enobudlova engagcinwa e-aquarium, kepha ngokubhuka okukhulu. IPangasius kudala yaziwa ngabantu. ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, bekhuliswe njengenhlanzi yezentengiselwano amakhulu eminyaka, futhi muva nje seyithandwa njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini.
IPangasius iyinhlanzi esebenzayo esemncane, ehlala ezikoleni nasemanzini amakhulu, izungezwe yizihlobo, ifana noshaka nomzimba wayo osiliva, amaphiko aphezulu nomzimba ocindezelweyo.
Lapho ifinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala, futhi emvelweni ikhula ize ifike ku-130 cm, umbala uya ungakhanyi kangako, ube mpunga ngokufanayo.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Lezi zinhlobo zachazwa okokuqala ngo-1878. Ngaphandle kokuthi izakhamizi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia sezivele zibambe amakhulu ale catfish, akwaziwa kahle ukuthi ngubani oyitholile.
Muva nje lolu hlobo ludluliswe ngososayensi bezinto eziphilayo besuka ohlotsheni lwePangasius baya olwePangasianodon.
Ngokwemvelo, ihlala echibini loMfula iMekong, naseChao Phraya, eThailand, eLaos, eVietnam.
Kwabuye kwahlaliswa kwezinye izifunda ngezinhloso zokudoba. AmaJuvenile atholakala ezikoleni ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi ema-rapids asemifuleni, kepha abantu abadala sebevele bagcina ezikoleni ezincane.
Ngokwemvelo, badla izinhlanzi, izimfanzi, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezahlukahlukene, izibungu zezinambuzane, izithelo nemifino.
Yinhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti ehlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamazinga okushisa amanzi angama-22-26 ° C, 6.5-7.5 pH, 2.0-29.0 dGH. Uthanda izindawo ezijulile, njengalezo ahlala kuzo emvelweni.
Izinhlanzi zihamba lapho kufika isikhathi semvula, zihambele umfula ziye lapho zizalela khona. Lapho izinga lamanzi liqala ukwehla, izinhlanzi zibuyela ezindaweni zazo ezihlala njalo. Esigodini saseMekong, ukufuduka kuhlala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi, bese kubuya ngoSepthemba kuya kuDisemba.
Isakazeke njengezinhlanzi zasolwandle, kepha kabanzi njengokudla okuhlinzekwa kusuka eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya emazweni ethu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inhlanzi ibhekwa njengenganambitheki futhi eshibhile, yize isabalele lapho kuthengiswa khona. Ithunyelwa e-United States ngaphansi kwegama elithi swai, panga noma ipangas iye eYurophu futhi ihanjiswe kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.
Yize ayengadumile ngenxa yokunambitheka, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwaletha iVietnam amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.8 ngonyaka wezi-2014.
Ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwayo kabanzi, akuyona eyezinhlobo ezibalwe kwiRed Book.
Incazelo
IPangasius yinhlanzi enkulu enomzimba ofana noshaka. Umzimba obushelelezi, onamandla, amadevu amabili amadevu atholakala esifubeni.
Umdwebo omfishane omfushane unomgogodla owodwa noma emibili, kanye nezinhlayiya emaphikweni e-pectoral. I-adipose fin ithuthukiswe kahle, njengoba ne-anal fin ende.
Abantu abasha baheha ngokukhethekile, banemivimbo emibili ebanzi emnyama egijima kuwo wonke umzimba, kepha kubantu abadala umbala uyaphela futhi imivimbo iyanyamalala.
Umbala womzimba uba mpunga ngokufanayo namaphiko amnyama. Ngokuhlukahluka kukhona ifomu le-albino, nefomu elinomzimba owehlisiwe.
I-high fin shark catfish ingafinyelela kubukhulu obungu-130 cm bese inesisindo esifinyelela ku-45 kg. Ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, kuze kufike ku-100 cm.
Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
Kukhona nolunye uhlobo - iPangasius sanitwongsei, osayizi wayo ofinyelela kuma-300 cm futhi unesisindo esingama-300 kg!
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Yize le kuyinhlanzi engafuneki kakhulu, akufanele uyithenge ngamawala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ezindala zizodinga i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-1200.
Banokuthula impela, kepha kuphela ngalezo zinhlanzi abakwazi ukugwinya. Abanaki imingcele yamanzi, kuphela ekuhlanzekeni kwawo, futhi bazodla noma yini obanikeza yona.
IPangasius inesikhumba esibucayi kakhulu esilimele kalula, udinga ukususa izinto ku-aquarium ezingakulimaza.
Ama-juvenile akhanga kakhulu futhi ama-aquarists amaningi afuna ukuba nawo njengenhlanzi yase-aquarium. Kepha, le nhlanzi ilungele kuphela ama-aquariums amakhulu kakhulu.
Unesibindi futhi uzwana nezinye izinhlanzi, inqobo nje uma zingagwinywa. Kepha ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, kunzima kakhulu kubathandi bokugcina i-shark catfish ezindaweni zasemanzini ezilula.
Intsha ingagcinwa kuma-aquariums kusuka kumalitha angama-400, kepha lapho ifinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala (cishe i-100 cm), izodinga i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-1200 noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-pangasius iyasebenza kakhulu futhi idinga isikhala esiningi sokubhukuda, futhi idinga ukugcinwa ephaketheni kuphela.
Imvamisa uzizwa esemhlambini wabantu aba-5 noma ngaphezulu, cabanga nje ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-aquarium oludingwa yile nhlanzi.
Ukondla
I-Shark catfish is omnivorous, yaziwa ngokudla noma yini engayithola. Njengoba ekhula, ukhetha ukudla okuningi kwamaprotheni.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyaguga, alahlekelwe ngamazinyo, njenge-pacu emnyama, abe ngumuntu odla imifino.
E-aquarium, udla zonke izinhlobo zokudla - bukhoma, iqhwa, ama-flakes, amaphilisi. Okwe-pangasius, ukudla okuxutshiwe kuhamba phambili - ingxenye yemifino kanye nokudla kwesilwane.
Badinga ukondla kabili noma kathathu ngosuku, kepha ngezingxenye abangazidla ngemizuzu emi-5. Kusukela ezilwaneni, kungcono ukondla imfanzi, imisundu yegazi, inhlanzi encane, izikelemu, nezinyendle.
Kusuka ekudleni kwezitshalo, isikwashi, ukhukhamba, ulethisi.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Amapharamitha wamanzi angahluka, into esemqoka ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile. Ukushisa kusuka ku-22 kuye ku-26 C.
Kudingeka isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle, futhi kushintshwa amanzi masonto onke afinyelela kuma-30%, njengoba izinhlanzi zikhiqiza udoti omningi.
IPangasius ikhula ibe ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu futhi idinga ama-aquariums afanayo. Njengoba sekushiwo, kubantu abasha kudingeka amalitha angama-300-400, kubantu abadala abavela ku-1200. Kungcono ukuhlela i-aquarium ukuze ifane nemifula yabo yakhona, ukubeka izinkuni.
Ebusheni, bathanda ukucasha phakathi kwezihibe. Imishini engaphakathi kwe-aquarium ivikelwe kangcono njengoba ingayishaya uma isaba.
I-Shark catfish, ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi ze-catfish, ayimboziwe ngamacwecwe amathambo, kepha inesikhumba esibushelelezi nesizacile. Ulimala kalula futhi uklwebhekile. Futhi, ngokungafani ne-catfish ejwayelekile, isibonelo, i-Fractocephalus, i-shark catfish ayinakho ukuthambekela kokuhlala kusendlalelo esingezansi, ihlala ezingxenyeni eziphakathi.
Bahlala behamba futhi bevuka ngezikhathi ezithile phezulu, behlise umoya. Basebenza usuku lonke futhi bathanda i-aquarium ekhanyiswe kahle.
Qaphela!
Izinhlanzi aziboni kahle, futhi zinovalo kakhulu, zesaba kalula. Ungangqongqozi engilazini noma wesabise izinhlanzi, zingazilimaza ngokuhlaselwa ukwesaba okukhulu.
I-pangasius ethusayo igadla kakhulu kuyo yonke i-aquarium, ingilazi ehlabayo, imihlobiso noma enye inhlanzi.
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa ukwethuka, ungabona izinhlanzi zakho zilele phansi, ziphukile, zikhathele. Futhi uma unenhlanhla, bazolulama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhambisana
Abantu abasha bahlala emhlambini, kepha lapho inhlanzi indala, iba nesizungu kakhulu. Zihambisana kahle nezinhlanzi ezilinganayo, noma izinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukugwinya.
UPangasius ubheka noma iyiphi inhlanzi encane njengokudla kuphela. Futhi hhayi okuncane, noma. Isibonelo, bagwinya izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezifana ne-Clarias, yize kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Abesifazane bakhulu futhi banesitoko kunabesilisa, futhi bakhanya kancane ngombala. Kepha konke lokhu kwehluka akubonakali ebusheni, ngesikhathi nje lapho kuthengiswa khona.
Ukuzala
Ukuzalela ku-aquarium akuvamile kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bezinhlanzi kanye nezidingo zezindawo zokuzalela.
Ngokwemvelo, i-pangasius ifudukela ngasenhla iye ezindaweni zokuzalela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Lezi zimo azinakuphindwa ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Njengomthetho, bazalwa emachibini amakhulu emapulazini ase-Asia, noma babanjwa emvelweni futhi bakhuliswa emachibini, agcinwe ezitsheni ezintantayo.
