I-African Clarius catfish noma i-Clarias batrachus ingenye yalezo zinhlanzi okufanele zigcinwe e-aquarium yodwa, ngoba iyisilwane esikhulu esidla inyama njalo.
Uma uyithenga, iyi-catfish enhle, kepha ikhula ngokushesha futhi kungabonakali, futhi njengoba ikhula e-aquarium, baningi omakhelwane abambalwa.
Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuningana, imvamisa okuhluka ngombala kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuya kumnqumo ngesisu esimhlophe. Ifomu le-albino nalo liyathandwa, yiqiniso, limhlophe ngamehlo abomvu.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-Clarias isakazeke kakhulu emvelweni, ihlala eNdiya, eBangladesh, eSri Lanka, eThailand, eVietnam, eLaos, eCambodia, eMalaysia nase-Indonesia.
Iyakwazi ukuhlala emizimbeni yamanzi enomoya-mpilo omncane oncibilikisiwe emanzini nasemanzini amile. Okuvame ukutholakala emiseleni, emaxhaphozini, emachibini, emiseleni. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi ezansi, ngezikhathi ezithile ikhuphukela phezulu ukuze iphefumule umoya.
Ngokwemvelo, ikhula ize ifike ku-100 cm, umbala ompunga noma onsundu, izinhlobo ezinamabala nama-albino akuvamile.
Waziwa eThailand njenge-pla duk dan, kungumthombo ongabizi kakhulu wamaprotheni. Njengomthetho, ingatholwa kalula emigwaqweni yedolobha.
Yize ijwayelekile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, yethulwa e-United States ngokuzalaniswa ngo-1960. Yakwazi kuphi ukungena emanzini aseFlorida, kanti i-catfish yokuqala eyabanjwa kuhulumeni yaqoshwa ngo-1967.
Waba yinhlekelele yangempela yezilwane zendawo. Njengoba engenazitha, ezinkulu, ezidlayo, waqala ukuqothula izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasendaweni. Isizathu kuphela (ngaphandle kwabadobi) esasimise ukuthuthela kwakhe ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho ukuthi akabekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi ufa ebusika.
E-Europe nase Melika, i-Clarias ibizwa nangokuthi 'i-Walking Catfish' (i-walkfish catfish), ngokukhethekile - lapho ichibi elihlala kulo loma, lingangena kwezinye, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semvula.
Ngenkathi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, uClarias uvumelane nempilo emizimbeni yamanzi enokuqukethwe komoya-mpilo emanzini, futhi uyakwazi ukuphefumula umoya-mpilo womoya.
Ukwenza lokhu, unesitho esikhethekile se-supra-gill, esigcwele ama-capillaries futhi sifana nesipanji.
Kepha abayisebenzisi njalo, bakhuphukela phezulu kuma-aquariums kuphela ngemuva kokudla okunomsoco. Isitho esifanayo sibavumela ukuthi bakhase besuka echibini baye echibini.
Incazelo
Manje, ngenxa yokuxubeka kuma-aquariums, kunezinhlobo zemibala ehlukahlukene - enamabala, i-albino, nsundu yakudala noma umnqumo.
Ngaphandle, i-catfish icishe ifane ne-sackgill catfish (noma kunjalo, iyasebenza kakhulu, iyadla kakhulu, futhi iyazikhukhumeza), kepha ingahlukaniswa nge-dorsal fin yayo. Ku-sackgill mfushane, futhi kuma-clarias yinde futhi iya ngaphesheya komhlane wonke. I-dorsal fin inemisebe engu-62-77, i-anal engu-45-63.
Zombili lezi zinhlayiya azihlangani ne-caudal, kepha ziyaphazamiseka phambi kwazo. Esifubeni kunamabhangqa amane entshebe ezwelayo ekhonza ukufuna ukudla.
Amehlo mancane, kepha ngokocwaningo ososayensi bafinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi aqukethe izigaxa ezifana nalezo ezisesweni lomuntu, okusho ukuthi i-catfish ibona imibala.
Leli iqiniso elimangazayo ngezinhlanzi ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezingezansi nasebumnyameni.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
I-Clarias iyinhlanzi edlayo futhi iyigcina ihamba yodwa noma ngababili. Kwakukhona amacala okuthi abakwaClarias badle izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezihlala nabo.
Udinga ukugcina kuphela ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu - ama-cichlids amakhulu, ama-arowans, i-pacu, i-catfish enkulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhula e-aquarium kuze kufike ku-55-60 cm, ngokulandelana, ngenhlanzi endala, ivolumu enconyiwe isuka kumalitha angama-300, yezinsizwa ezisuka ku-200.
Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina isivalo sivalwe ngokuqinile, sizophunyuka kalula kokuvaliwe ngokukhululekile ukuze uhlole ikhaya lakho.
Akagcini ngokukhasa angene kunoma yiliphi igebe, futhi angakhasa kude le kude. Ama-Clarias angahlala ngaphandle kwamanzi kuze kube yihora elilodwa lama-31, ngokwemvelo, uma ehlala emanzi (ngokwemvelo uyahamba ngesikhathi semvula)
Uma i-catfish yakho ikhase i-aquarium, ungayicoshi ngezandla zakho! I-Clarias inameva anobuthi emaphethelweni omgogodla nasesifuba, ukubhoboza kwayo kubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi kubukeka njengokulunywa yinyosi.
Ngokungafani nezinhlanzi eziningi zekati, uClarias ubonwa ukuthi uhlala esebenza usuku lonke.
Ukushisa kwamanzi kungama-20-28 C, i-pH 5.5-8. Ngokuvamile, iClarias ayifuni imingcele yamanzi, kepha njengayo yonke i-catfish, iyawathanda amanzi ahlanzekile futhi ahlanzekile. Ukuze i-catfish icashe emini, kubalulekile ukubeka amatshe amakhulu nezinkuni zokukhukhula e-aquarium.
Kepha khumbula ukuthi bazoyiguqula ngokuzithandela kwabo, inhlabathi izombiwa. Kungcono ukungatshali izitshalo nhlobo, zizozimba.
Ukondla
I-Clarias yisidlakela esinamabala esidla izinhlanzi esingagwinya, futhi sondliwa ngokufanele ngomuntu ophethe kanye ne-goldfish.
Ungaphakela futhi izibungu, izingcezu zezinhlanzi, ama-flakes, ama-pellets.
Ngokuyisisekelo, udla konke. Musa nje ukunika inyama evela ezinkukhu nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo, ngoba amaprotheni enyama enjalo awamuncwa uhlelo lokugaya futhi aholele ekukhuluphaleni.
Ama-Clarias emvelweni akanandaba ukuthi ukudla kuyaphila noma kufile, uzodla konke, okokukhwabanisa.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kufinyelelwa kubude obungu-25-30 cm, kuya ngokondla, lokhu kuyiminyaka eyi-1.5 yokuphila kwayo.
Eziduna zinemibala egqamile futhi zinamabala amnyama ekugcineni kwesiphetho sazo sangemuva. Vele, lokhu kubhekisela kumbala ojwayelekile, kuma-albino ongagxila kuwo esiswini senhlanzi, kwabesifazane kukhethwe kakhulu.
Ukuzala
Njengoba kujwayele ukwenzeka nge-catfish enkulu, ukuzalanisa e-aquarium akuvamile, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi badinga imiqulu emikhulu kakhulu.
Kungcono ukukhulisa iqembu lamaClarias asemasha, azobhangqa kule nqubo. Ngemuva kwalokho, badinga ukuhlukaniswa, njengoba umbhangqwana uba nolaka olukhulu ezihlotsheni.
Ukuzala kuqala ngemidlalo yokukhwelana, ekhonjiswa njengombhangqwana obhukuda ezungeze i-aquarium.
Ngokwemvelo, amaClarias agubha izimbobo ogwini olunesihlabathi. E-aquarium, kumbiwa umgodi ngezansi, lapho owesifazane ebeka khona amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziningana.
Ngemuva kokuzala, owesilisa ugada amaqanda amahora angama-24-26, kuze kube yilapho izibungu zichanyuselwa bese kuthi owesifazane aqale ukuwanakekela.
Uma lokhu sekwenzekile, kungcono ukususa ifry kubazali babo. UMaleki ukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, vele kusukela ebuntwaneni eyisidlakela esaziwayo, edla konke okuphilayo.
I-tubifex eqoshiwe, i-brine shrimp nauplii, ama-bloodworms angondliwa njengokudla. Njengoba ukhula, ubukhulu bokuphakelayo kufanele bukhuliswe, budluliselwe kancane kokuphakelayo kwabantu abadala.
UMaleki ujwayele ukuminza, kufanele ondliwe ezingxenyeni ezincane kaningana ngosuku.
