I-Tsichlazoma severum (i-Latin Heros severus) ithandwa kakhulu kubo bobabili ama-novice aquarists nabanolwazi. Zifana nesihlobo sazo esikude, i-discus, ngoba nazo zinomzimba omude futhi ocindezelwe kamuva.
Ngokufana kwayo kwangaphandle, icichlazoma yaze yaqanjwa ngegama elithi discus yamanga. Imibala ehlukahlukene iyatholakala kabanzi, okwamanje ukuhlukahluka okuningi okuhlukahlukene sekukhiqiziwe, kepha okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okuhle ngama-cichlazoma severum amaparele abomvu nama-emeralds aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amaparele abomvu anomzimba ophuzi, onamachashazi abomvu amaningi aqhakazile asatshalaliswa phezu kwawo. I-emerald eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala we-emerald namabala amnyama.
Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kwamaparele abomvu nama-emeralds aluhlaza akuhlukile kokuqukethwe kwefomu elijwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi amapharamitha ku-aquarium kufanele azinze kakhudlwana.
Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwazo okuhle kakhulu, ziyathandeka futhi ekuziphatheni, nakho okuheha ama-aquarists. Azinolaka kangako kunama-cichlid amaningi futhi zidinga isikhala esincane.
Isikhathi kuphela lapho bekhombisa ubudlwangudlwangu ngesikhathi sokuzala, kanti sonke isikhathi bahlala ngokuthula nezinhlanzi ezilinganayo. Vele, akufanele uwagcine ngezinhlanzi ezincane noma ezinamahloni kakhulu.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezingenasizotha ekugcineni, ngokuqinisekile azifuneki njenge discus yakudala. Uma i-aquarist ingabenzela izimo ezidingekayo futhi ibanakekele njalo i-aquarium, khona-ke bayomjabulisa iminyaka eminingi.
Bakhetha amanzi athambile nokukhanya okulingene, kubalulekile futhi ukumboza i-aquarium, inhlanzi igxume kahle.
Ukuphila emvelweni
I-Cichlazoma severum yachazwa okokuqala ngo-1840. Ihlala eNingizimu Melika, emfuleni i-Orinoco River, imifula yaseColombia neVenezuela, nasezindaweni eziphezulu zeRio Negro.
Yondla ngemvelo izinambuzane, gazinga, ulwelwe, i-zooplankton ne-detritus.
Incazelo
Ngama-severums, njenge-discus yangempela, umzimba uphakeme futhi ucindezelwe kamuva, ngamaphiko akhonjisiwe we-anal kanye ne-caudal. Le icichlid encane (ehlobene namanye ama-cichlases), efinyelela ku-20 cm ngokwemvelo, ku-aquarium cishe eyi-15.
Isikhathi sokuphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10.
Umbala wemvelo - umzimba oluhlaza okotshani, onesisu esiphuzi esisagolide. Ama-juveniles ahlukaniswa ngombala we-nondescript; imivimbo emnyama eyisishiyagalombili ihamba emzimbeni omnyama, onyamalala lapho izinhlanzi zikhula.
Njengoba kushiwo, manje kunemibala ehlukahlukene ehlukahlukene, kepha okuthandwa kakhulu futhi okuhle kungamaparele abomvu nama-emeralds aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Elinye lama-cichlids athandwa kakhulu ku-aquarium hobby. Ngenkathi zilungele abaqalayo kanye nama-hobbyists athuthukile ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi bayizinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhula ngokushesha.
Uma umenzela izimo ezifanele, futhi uxazulule omakhelwane abalinganayo, khona-ke ngeke adale zinkinga.
Ukondla
Izinhlanzi zingama-omnivores futhi zidla zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwezinhlanzi zase-aquarium. Amathebulethi wokucwila ama-cichlids amakhulu (okungcono ngokuqukethwe kwe-fiber, njenge-spirulina) angaba yisisekelo sokudla.
Ngokwengeziwe, nikeza ukudla okubukhoma noma okubandayo: zombili ezinkulu - izikelemu zomhlaba, imfanzi, imicu yezinhlanzi, kanye nezincane - i-tubifex, imisundu yegazi, i-gammarus.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukondla ngokudla kwezitshalo, ngoba izinhlanzi emvelweni zikudla ikakhulu. Kungaba ukudla okhethekile noma izingcezu zemifino - ikhukhamba, i-zucchini, isaladi.
Awudingi ukondla kaningi ngenyama yomama njengenhliziyo yenkomo. Inyama enjalo ayigayeki kahle esiswini senhlanzi futhi iholela ekukhuluphaleni nasezifweni.
Kungcono ukondla i-cichlaz ezingxenyeni ezincane kabili ngosuku, uzama ukungadli ngokweqile, njengoba inhlanzi ithanda ukuminza.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Ama-Severum angama-cichlids amancane, kepha asemakhulu maqondana nezinye izinhlanzi. Ekunakekelweni, udinga i-aquarium engamalitha angama-200 noma ngaphezulu, futhi uma inkulu, inhlanzi iyoba nokuthula okukhulu.
Bathanda amanzi ahlanzekile nokugeleza okuncane, okungadalwa kusetshenziswa isihlungi sangaphandle. Qinisekisa ukufaka amanzi njalo esikhundleni samanzi amasha bese usiphonipha inhlabathi ukususa izinsalela zokuphakelayo.
Zama ukukhanyisa i-aquarium kancane, ungabeka izitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni bamanzi. Inhlanzi inamahloni futhi ingagxuma iphume emanzini uma isaba.
Indlela elula ukuhlomisa i-aquarium ngendlela ye-biotope yomfula waseNingizimu Melika. Inhlabathi eyisihlabathi, amatshe amakhulu kanye nezinkuni ezikhukhulayo - lena indawo lapho i-cichlazoma izozizwa iphelele khona. Amaqabunga awile ezansi, isibonelo, i-oki noma i-beech, gcwalisa isithombe.
Ngokwehlukana, siyabona ukuthi ama-severums awanabo ubungani nezitshalo, abanye abayizimfundamakhwela bayazigcina nezinhlobo ezinzima, kepha ngokuyisisekelo izitshalo zizoba nesiphetho esingenakulinganiswa, zizobhujiswa.
Ama-discus amanga aguqulelwe kahle kumapharamitha ahlukene e-aquarium, kepha okuhle kuzoba: ukushisa 24-28C, ph: 6.0-6.5, 4-10 dGH.
Ukuhambisana
Kufanele igcinwe nezinhlanzi zokuziphatha nobungako obufanayo. Izinhlanzi ezincane zithathwa njengokudla. Yize ama-cichlids aseMelika engenalo ulaka kakhulu kunama-cichlids ase-Afrika, kusabalulekile ukuthi i-aquarium ivulekile.
Ngemuva kwalokho bazoba nendawo yabo, abavikela yona. Indawo yabo kanye nomakhelwane abakhulu banciphisa kakhulu ulaka lwama-cichlids.
Zizwana kahle namanye ama-cichlids aphakathi nendawo - anemigqa emnyama, emnene, inyosi. Futhi ne-catfish - i-synodontis embozwe ngeveli, i-plecostomus, i-sackgill.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Ukuhlukanisa insikazi kowesilisa kunzima kakhulu, ngisho nama-aquarists anolwazi ayadideka. Insikazi inebala elimnyama ekugcineni komgogodla, futhi alikho ichashaza kumachashazi e-operculum - ahlakazekile (owesifazane unombala olinganayo, ofanayo esikhundleni samachashazi).
Owesilisa unamaphiko acijile endunu nangasemuva nebunzi eligqame kakhulu.
Kunzima ikakhulukazi ukucacisa ubulili bezinhlobo ezikhanyayo, njengamaparele abomvu, ngoba kaningi awekho amaphuzu kuma-gill.
Ukuzala
Njengama-cichlids amaningi, i-False Discus iyayinakekela inzalo futhi inakekele gazinga. Umbhangqwana wakhiwa isikhathi eside, futhi njengoba kuvame ukuba nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane, bathatha u-6-8 gazinga bese bebakhulisa ndawonye, izinhlanzi zizokhetha umbhangqwana.
AmaSeverum angazala ngamapharamitha ahlukene wamanzi, kepha ngempumelelo enkulu emanzini athambile, ane-pH ezungeze u-6 kanye nezinga lokushisa elingama-26-27 ° C. Futhi, ukuqala kokukhiqiza kwenziwa lula ngoshintsho oluningi lwamanzi ngamanzi amasha.
Imvamisa ama-seums azalela ku-aquarium efanayo abahlala kuyo, kepha kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ulaka lwabo luyanda. Bathanda ukubeka amaqanda abo edwaleni eliyisicaba noma izinkuni ezikhukhulayo. Insikazi izalela cishe amaqanda ayi-1000
ukuze, owesilisa uwavundise futhi bobabili abazali banakekele amaqanda kanye nefry.
Ngemuva kokubhukuda kwamafry, abazali bayayigada, okuvumela ukuthosa kudle i-brine shrimp nauplii, okuphakelayo okungeyona eyakho, kanye ne-microworm.
Futhi, gazinga lingagobhoza imfihlo ekhethekile esikhunjeni sabazali, abasifihla ngokukhethekile ukuze bondliwe. Abazali banganakekela gazinga kuze kube amasonto ayisithupha ubudala.
