Imvelaphi yama-polypters ihlehlela emuva kumaCretaceous nama-dinosaurs eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-60 edlule. Izinhlobo zamanje zama-mnohopers zivela e-Afrika yasendulo.
Umhlobo ngokwawo uhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili, owokuqala (i-Erpetoichthys), uqukethe uhlobo olulodwa kuphela u-E. calabaricus, owaziwa ngama-aquarist njenge-snakefish noma i-Kalamoicht calabar.
Owesibili uqobo (Polypterus), uqukethe izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kweshumi.
Incazelo
Igama elithi polypterus lihumusha ku- “polypere,” futhi empeleni lisuselwa emaphikweni amaningi omgogodla.
Ezinye izinto ezihlukanisayo ngumzimba wenyoka onamaphiko amakhulu we-pectoral, asetshenziselwa ukuqhuma futhi enza indlela yokubhukuda ephawuleka kakhulu.
Umsila usetshenziswa uma kudingeka isethi ebukhali yejubane.
I-Polypterus inezici ezivamile kwezinye izinhlanzi zangaphambi komlando. Lezi yizikali ezinkulu futhi ezinzima futhi ezinkulu, ezibizwa ngamakhala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, usethuthukise isinye sokubhukuda esishintshiwe, esifana nephaphu futhi sehlukaniswe ngokuvundlile saba izingxenye ezimbili. Lokhu kuvumela ama-polyperiuses ukubamba umoya ebusweni bamanzi, impahla enenzuzo emanzini aphansi e-oxygen.
Ukuhambisana
Azikho izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu ze-polypters ezisabalele e-aquarium, yilezi: P. delhezi, P. ornatipinnis, P. palmas, no-P. senegalus. Okunye akuvamile kakhulu.
Ukugcina ama-polypters ezindaweni zasemanzini akunzima, kepha kudinga ikhono elithile.
Akufanele zigcinwe nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinolaka ezifana nama-cichlids amakhulu noma amakhanda ezinyoka.
Omakhelwane abahle izinhlanzi zommese, i-chitala ornata nommese omnyama, ama-barbs amakhulu, njenge-bream, ne-catfish - i-synodontis embozwe ngeveli.
Ku-catfish, kungcono ukugwema labo abanomlomo osesimweni sokumunya, ngoba bangacasula ama-polypters, bezama ukuncela umzimba wakhe.
Zingagcinwa ngezinhlanzi ezingenalo ulaka ezinkulu kakhulu ukuthi zingagwinywa.
Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi, ama-polypters ingaluma ngisho nezinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhululokho kwenzeka ngephutha ngenxa yokungaboni kahle.
I-Polypterus delgezi:
Ezingqondweni zabo, i-polypterus ithembela ephunga lokudla emanzini, futhi ihlale ibhukuda iphume lapho icashile uma kuvela ukudla e-aquarium.
Izohamba iye ngasemuva ize iphumule ngokoqobo kuyo. Kwesinye isikhathi abamunaki futhi bacwaninge bacwaninge kancane, njengoba iphunga lisho ukuthi balahlekelwe okuthile.
Imvamisa, ama-polypters abizwa njengezilwane ezidliwayo, kepha maningi amathuba okuthi abe yizinhlanzi ezisebenzisa omnivorous. Yiqiniso, badla izinhlanzi ezincane lapho kungenzeka.
I-Polypterus idla ukudla okwahlukahlukene okuqukethe amaprotheni: inyama yezimbaza, inhliziyo yenkomo, imfanzi, gazinga nenhlanzi encane. Bangadla namathebulethi acwilayo, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nama-flakes.
Amajita nawo adla okuphakelayo okuphilayo namaphilisi atshonayo.
Ukuhamba kancane nokungaboni kahle kudale inkolelo yokuthi ama-polypters awakwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezihlala kukholamu lamanzi. Kepha, zingashesha ngokumangalisayo lapho zidingeka.
Izinhlanzi zisengozini enkulu ebusuku, lapho zicwila phansi, kanti ama-polypters asebenza kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Lapho usetha i-aquarium yokugcina i-polypters, udinga ukucabanga ngosayizi wenhlanzi ohlose ukuyigcina.
Ngisho nezinhlobo ezincane zingakhula zifike ku-25-30 cm ku-aquarium, kanti ezinkulu zingakhula ziye ku-60 cm. Indawo engezansi ibaluleke kakhulu kunokuphakama kwe-aquarium, ngakho-ke eyodwa ebanzi iyathandwa.
Ezinhlotsheni ezincane, i-aquarium enendawo engu-120 * 40 ingathathwa njengeyenele, ngoba emikhulu sekudingeka amasentimitha angu-180 * 60. Njengoba ama-polyperes adinga umoya-mpilo wokuphefumula, emva kwalokho akhuphukele phezulu, ukuphakama akunandaba, kepha mhlawumbe hhayi kakhulu ubude.
Ngakho-ke, i-aquarium akufanele ivalwe ukuze kungabikho igebe lomoya elihlala phakathi kwengilazi nomphezulu wamanzi.
Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ukuvala izimbobo ezincane kunazo zonke lapho i-polypters ingaphunyuka khona e-aquarium, ngoba ngethuba elincane nje bazokwenza lokhu bese befa futhi bome.
Ama-polypters avame ukuchazwa njengolaka komunye nomunye. Kwesinye isikhathi bayalwa, ikakhulukazi ukuthola ukudla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo abalimazi.
Uma ugcina izinhlanzi ezinosayizi ofanayo ku-aquarium ebanzi, lapho-ke ngeke kube khona ukulwa okukhulu phakathi kwabo. Vele, abanye abantu bangakhuthazwa babe nolaka, futhi kufanele bagcinwe ngokwehlukana.
Njengoba i-polypters yondla ikakhulu kusuka phansi, inhlabathi iyadingeka lapho kulula ukuyinakekela nokuyihlanza. Ungqimba oluncane lwesihlabathi lungcono kakhulu, yize kuzosebenza amatshe amnandi, kepha kuyinto engokwemvelo kubo futhi kunzima kubo ukuthi bondle ngalo.
Abanye abantu bayeluleka ngokugcina ama-polypters ethangini elingenalutho ukunciphisa ubudlova bendawo. Kepha, ukubona izinhlanzi e-aquarium ngaphandle kokuhlobisa, noma izindlu zokukhosela kuyadabukisa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibukeka zithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe lapho zihamba kancane phakathi kwezitshalo noma amatshe ku-aquarium enhle eyenziwe kahle. Amatshe abushelelezi, izinkuni ezikhukhulayo, okungcono emihumeni kufanelekile njengokuhlobisa. Ungasebenzisa futhi ishubhu le-ceramic noma ipulasitiki, kepha zibukeka zingaphansi kakhulu kwemvelo.
Ngokuqondene nokugcina i-polypters enezitshalo, lokhu kungenzeka impela. Azidli noma zilimaze izitshalo, kepha ezinye izinqola ezinkulu zingangena ezindleleni zazo ezihlahleni eziminyene, njengama-plecostomus amakhulu enza. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezinamakhasi aqinile noma ubulembu.
Ukuhlunga kungaba kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo inqobo nje uma kunikela ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlunga kwezinto eziphilayo.
Yize ama-polyperes engeyona inhlanzi ekhuthele futhi engangcolisi kakhulu uma eqhathaniswa nezinye, amaprotheni okuphakelayo adala imfucumfucu emincane esheshe ibulale amanzi ngaphandle kokuhlunga okufanele.
Okufanelekile, i-polypters kufanele igcinwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme, le-oda le-25-30 C. Imingcele yamanzi ayibucayi, kepha kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ithambe, ine-pH engathathi hlangothi noma ene-asidi encane.
Ukukhanyisa akubalulekile kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi ugcine izitshalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-polypteruses ikakhulukazi asebusuku, futhi athanda ukuhwalala, yize ama-juveniles ngesikhathi sokudla nokukhanya okukhanyayo kungaphazamisi kangako.
Kungakuhle ukubeka amalambu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka e-aquarium ukukhanyisa ebusuku, lapho isibani esikhulu sesivele sicishiwe futhi inhlanzi iqala ukusebenza.
Futhi bandisa umsebenzi wabo lapho ukukhanya kucishiwe, kepha ukukhanya okuvela egumbini kuwela e-aquarium, ngokwesibonelo.
Izifo
I-polypteris kuyaqabukela igule. Izikali zabo ezijiyile zivimbela ukwakheka kwemikrwelo namanxeba angakha izifo ezithathelwanayo ngamagciwane, futhi kuvikele nezimuncagazi.
Kodwa-ke, abantu ababanjwe emvelweni bangaba ngabathwali bezinambuzane zamanzi angenasawoti. Babonakala ngokuklwebheka njalo emzameni wokuqeda ama-parasites. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlukanisa izinhlanzi ezintsha.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Kunzima ukuhlukanisa owesifazane kowesilisa. Izimpawu ezingaqondile yilezi: isiphetho sendikimba ebanzi futhi esijiyile kowesilisa, ubuye abe nesiphetho somqolo esijiyile, kanti abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu.
Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa ama-polypters amancane nhlobo.
Ukuzala
Masenze ukubhuka khona manjalo, ama-polypters akuvamile ukuthi akhuliswe ku-aquarium yasekhaya. Abantu abathengiswa bayathengiswa babanjwa emvelweni.
Ngokwemininingwane engahluziwe, singaphetha ngokuthi amanzi athambile, ane-asidi encane ayadingeka ekuzalelaneni. Ukushintsha amapharamitha wamanzi kanye nokushisa kungenzeka kube yisihluthulelo sokuzala ngempumelelo.
Owesilisa wakha inkomishi yamaphiko ezinzipho zangasese nezishubile, lapho owesifazane ebeka khona amaqanda anamathele. Ngemuva kwalokho uyisakaza ezitshalweni ezinamaqabunga amancane.
Ngemuva kokuzala, abazali badinga ukutshalwa ngokushesha okukhulu, kungenjalo bazodla amaqanda. Amaqanda makhulu, u-2-3 mm ububanzi, isibungu siqandusela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4. Ungayondla ngesonto, lapho kuzodliwa okuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac.
Okuphakelayo kokuqala kwe-brine shrimp nauplii ne-microworm, kufanele kuphakelwe kusondele kufry ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ayisebenzi ekuqaleni.
Izinhlobo zama-polypters
P. senegallus senegallus
Polypterus Senegal, ungafunda ngayo ngokuningiliziwe ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kungenye yama-polypters asebenzayo futhi anamahloni kakhulu.
Ubhukuda ngenkuthalo cishe sonke isikhathi, unelukuluku lokuphikelela. Ayilwi futhi ayithinti ezinye izinhlanzi, inqobo nje uma inkulu ngokwanele.
Kukhulu ngokwanele, kepha ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo efanelekile (kufika ku-30 cm). Mhlawumbe lolu luhlobo okufanele uqale ngalo ukujwayelana kwakho nama-polypters.
I-Polypterus ornatipinnis
I-Polypterus ornatipinis aka mnogoper yaseCongo. IPolypterus Congolese ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye iyabiza.
Kuyiqiniso, njengoba bekhula, umbala uthambekela ekupheleni. Ngeshwa, unamahloni kakhulu futhi kuyaqabukela umbona emini, ngaphandle kwalawo macala lapho eyokondla, futhi kuncike kakhulu kubuntu bakhe, amanye asebenza kakhulu, amanye angaphansi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inolaka kakhulu emndenini futhi ingathatha ukudla kwezinye izinhlanzi. Ikhula futhi ibe nkulu, ifike kuma-60-70 cm futhi idinga i-aquarium ebanzi.
Isidliva esinamandla kakhulu, esikwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezisheshayo.
I-Polypterus endlicheri
I-Endlicher's polypterus iyinhlobo enkulu futhi enamandla, efinyelela kubude obungu-75 cm ngokwemvelo. Emini ayisebenzi kakhulu, ihamba kancane ifune ukudla.
Uma ucabanga ngosayizi, kungakuhle ukuthi uyigcine ku-aquarium ehlukile, bese uyondla ngokudla okubukhoma, kanye kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
Ukuzingelwa kukaDelgezi, u-Ornatus noSenegal:
I-Polypterus delhezi
I-Polypterus delgezi ihlala eCongo futhi ingakhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-35 ubude. Ngokwesondlo, udinga i-aquarium engamalitha angama-200 noma ngaphezulu. Emini akenzi lutho, uchitha isikhathi ezindlini zokukhosela.
Idume kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane nemibala ekhanyayo.
I-Erpetoichthys calabaricus
Kalamoicht Kalabarskiy, mayelana nokuqukethwe okulandela ngokuningiliziwe isixhumanisi. Inhlanzi yenyoka, ekwazi ukukhasa emifantwini emincane kakhulu, iyinhlanzi encane.
