I-Scalaria (lat. I-Pterophyllum scalare) inhlanzi inkulu, inamandla, ilambele ukuthosa kanye nezimfanzi, kodwa inhle futhi inokuziphatha okuthakazelisayo. Umzimba ophakeme, ocindezelwe ngasemuva, imibala ehlukahlukene, osayizi abakhulu ngokwanele, ukutholakala, konke lokhu kuyenze yaba enye yezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu futhi ezithandwayo, ezazigcinwa cishe yiwo wonke ama-aquarist.
Le nhlanzi yinhle futhi ayijwayelekile, ithandwa phakathi kwabo bobabili abanolwazi lwasemanzini nabaqalayo.
Ngokwemvelo, zifihlekile ngombala; imivimbo emnyama ihamba nomzimba wesiliva. Yize kunokuhlukahluka lapho, inhlanzi ngaphandle kwemivimbo, emnyama ngokuphelele nokunye okuhlukile. Kepha yilokhu kuthambekela kokushintsha okusetshenziswa ama-aquarists ukuzala izinhlobo ezintsha ezikhanyayo.
Manje sekuvezwe izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene: omnyama, imabula, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-koi, ingelosi eluhlaza, udeveli obomvu, imabula, idayimane nezinye.
Ngaphandle kokuma komzimba okungajwayelekile, bangaphansi kohlobo olufanayo ne-discus, kuma-cichlids. Kungaba phezulu kakhulu futhi kufinyelele ku-15 cm ubude.
Kumaphakathi ngokuxaka kokuqukethwe, kepha badinga i-aquarium ebanzi ukuze akwazi ukubhukuda ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Umthamo omncane ungamalitha ayi-150, kepha uma ugcina umbhangqwana noma amaqembu, usuka kumalitha angama-200.
Isikali singagcinwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi lawa angama-cichlids, futhi akukhuthazwa ukugcina izinhlanzi ezincane kakhulu kuwo.
Ukuphila emvelweni
Inhlanzi yachazwa okokuqala nguSchultz ngo-1823. Yaqala ukwethulwa eYurophu ngo-1920, yafuywa e-United States ngo-1930. Yize izinhlanzi abazithengisayo manje zibizwa ngokuthi zivamile, sezihluke kakhulu kwezinhlanzi eziphila emvelweni.
Ihlala emadanyini ahamba kancane eNingizimu Melika: ikhaya lezinhlanzi elisenkabeni ye-Amazon nemifula yalo ePeru, eBrazil nasempumalanga ye-Ecuador.
Ngokwemvelo, bahlala ezindaweni ezinezitshalo ezimbalwa, lapho badla khona gazinga, izinambuzane, izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla nohlaza.
Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuhlobo lozalo: i-Pterophyllum scalare ejwayelekile, i-altum scalar Pterophyllum altum kanye ne-leopold scalar Pterophyllum leopoldi. Okwamanje, kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwazo manje olutholakala kakhulu endaweni yokuzilibazisa ye-aquarium, ngoba ukuwela kudlale indima.
Izinhlobo zesikali
Isikali esivamile (iPterophyllum scalare)
Mhlawumbe izikali eziningi ezithengiswa namuhla ngezalolu hlobo. Ngokwesiko kubhekwa njengokuzithoba kakhulu futhi okulula ukuzala.
Isikali sikaLeopold (Pterophyllum leopoldi)
Kutholakala ngokungafani, kufana kakhulu nesikali esivamile, kepha amabala aso amnyama akhanya ngokukhanyayo, futhi kunemivimbo embalwa emnyama emzimbeni, kanti omunye usekugcineni komhlane, kepha ungadluli emzimbeni
IScalaria altum (iPterophyllum altum)
Noma i-orinoco scalar, lena yinhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo ezintathu, ingaba mkhulu ngesigamu nesigamu kunaleyo ejwayelekile futhi ikhule ibe ngamasentimitha angama-40 ngosayizi.
Kubonakala futhi ngenguquko ebukhali phakathi kwebunzi nomlomo, okwenza ukucindezeleka. Kunamachashazi abomvu emaphikweni.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi lolu hlobo lungakwazanga ukufuywa ekuthunjweni, kepha eminyakeni yamuva nje bekungenzeka ukuthi kutholwe ifry kusuka ku-altum scalar, futhi ibivele isidayiswa kanye nabantu ababanjwe emvelweni.
Incazelo
Izinhlanzi zemvelo zinomzimba osiliva onemivimbo emnyama. Umzimba ocindezelwe kamuva, onamaphiko amakhulu nenhloko ekhonjiwe. Imisebe emide, emincane ingaqhamuka ku-fin ye-caudal ezinhlanzini ezivuthiwe ngokocansi.
Lesi sakhiwo sibasiza ukuba bafihle phakathi kwezimpande nezitshalo. Kungakho ifomu lasendle linemivimbo emnyama emile.
Izinhlanzi zi-omnivorous, ngokwemvelo zilinda ukuthosa, izinhlanzi ezincane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla.
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabantu 10.
Kunzima kokuqukethwe
Ubunzima obumaphakathi, abunconyelwe ama-novice aquarists, njengoba edinga amanani ahloniphekile, amapharamitha wamanzi azinzile futhi angaba nolaka ezinhlanzini ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zizingela ama-shrimp athosiwe nezincane ezinobungcweti obumangalisayo.
Futhi, nazo zingase zihlushwe izinhlanzi ezinqamula amaphiko, njengama-Sumatran barbs nameva.
Ukondla
Yini ongayondla? Ama-scalars amnyama, adla noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla e-aquarium: bukhoma, iqhwa nokufakelwa.
Isisekelo sokondla kungaba ama-flakes asezingeni eliphakeme, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho unikeze ukudla okuphilayo nokubandayo: i-tubifex, i-bloodworms, i-brine shrimp, i-corotra. Kubalulekile ukwazi izinto ezimbili, zingamadlavu futhi azinakudliswa ngokweqile, noma ngabe zibuza kanjani.
Futhi unikeze ngokucophelela izikelemu zegazi, noma kungcono ukwenqabe ngokuphelele. Ukondla ngokweqile ngemisundu yegazi, bese iqala ukuqumba, bese kuthi amabhamuza abomvana aphume esinyeni sendunu.
Kuphephe kakhulu ukondla okuphakelayo okunegama, ngoba manje sekusezingeni eliphakeme.
Izibazi zingathatha izitshalo ezintekenteke, yize kungenjalo kaningi. Bahlale besika iziqongo zika-Eleocharis kimi futhi badabule ubulembu ovela okhunini. Kulokhu, ungangeza ukudla kwe-spirulina ekudleni.
Futhi umzamo wokukhulisa ubulembu buye esiqwini, bawine ngokulula. Ukuthatha ubulembu baseJavanese njalo. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani beziphatha ngale ndlela, kepha, ngokusobala, ngenxa yesithukuthezi nesifiso sokuhaha.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Lezi izinhlanzi ezingathobekile futhi zingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 uma uzihlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele. Ngenxa yesimo sawo, kukhethwa ukugcina ama-aquariums amade anomthamo okungenani wamalitha ayi-120.
Kodwa-ke, uma uzogcina ezimbalwa zalezi zinhlanzi ezinhle, kungcono ukuthola i-aquarium yamalitha angama-200-250 noma ngaphezulu. Enye inzuzo yokuthenga i-aquarium ebanzi ukuthi abazali bazizwa bezolile kuyo futhi abawadli amaqanda abo kaningi.
Izinhlanzi kufanele zigcinwe emanzini afudumele, ezingeni lokushisa lamanzi ku-aquarium engu-25-27C. Ngokwemvelo, bahlala emanzini ane-asidi, athambile, kepha manje sebezivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene nemingcele.
Ukuhlobisa e-aquarium kungaba yinoma yini, kepha mhlawumbe ngaphandle kwamaphethelo abukhali lapho izinhlanzi zingalimala khona.
Kungakuhle ukutshala izitshalo ezinamaqabunga abanzi e-aquarium, njenge-nymphea noma i-amazon; zithanda ukubeka amaqanda kulawo makhasi.
Isakhiwo somzimba se-aquarium scalar asivumelanisiwe nokubhukuda emisakazweni enamandla, futhi ukuhlunga ku-aquarium kufanele kube ngokulingene. Ukugeleza okukhulu kwamanzi kudala ingcindezi futhi kubambezela ukukhula kwezinhlanzi, njengoba zisebenzisa amandla ukulwa nazo.
Kunengqondo ukusebenzisa isihlungi sangaphandle, futhi unikeze amanzi ngomtshingo noma ngaphakathi bese ufafaza okwamanje.
Kudingeka izinguquko zamanzi masonto onke, cishe u-20% wevolumu. Ama-Scalarians azwela kakhulu ekuqongeleleni kwama-nitrate kanye ne-ammonia emanzini. Le ngenye yezinhlanzi ezithanda amanzi ahlanzekile nezinguquko eziningi. Abalimi abaningi benza ushintsho lwamanzi lwama-50% ku-aquarium, futhi uma bezala noma bekhulisa gazinga, kuba yinto ejwayelekile yansuku zonke.
Ukuhambisana
Isikali singagcinwa ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kepha udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi kuseyi-cichlid, futhi ingahle ibe nolaka maqondana nezinhlanzi ezincane. Okufanayo kuya ngefry nezimfanzi, bangabazingeli abakhulu futhi abangasuthi, e-aquarium yami bakhipha izindimbane ezingenakubalwa zezinhlanzi ze-neocardina clean.
Ziyanamathela ndawonye zisencane, kepha izinhlanzi ezindala ziyahlangana bese ziba indawo.
Banamahloni kancane, bangasaba ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, imisindo nokukhanyisa ilambu.
Ungagcina nobani ama-cichlids? Ngezinhlanzi ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo, kuyalulekwa ukugwema ezincane kakhulu, ezinjengokhadinali kanye nemithala emincane, yize bephila ngokumangazayo ngama-neon kimi. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ezinye zalezi zinoni zidla ngobugovu. Ngokusobala ubukhulu bezinhlanzi bubalulekile. Uma ingagwinywa, bazoyenza nakanjani.
Ngokuqinisekile udinga ukugwema ama-barbs futhi mhlawumbe noma yini ngaphandle kwama-cherry. Ekuzilolongeni kwami, umhlambi wezinkuni zaseSumatran awuzange uthinte nakancane, futhi umhlambi wamabha umlilo wacishe wacekela phansi amaphiko abo ngosuku. Yize ucabanga ukuthi kufanele kube ngenye indlela ezungeze. Amaphiko angadla futhi ameva, i-tetragonopterus, i-black barbs, i-schubert's barbs ne-denisoni.
Ungayigcina nge-viviparous: izinkemba, amapayipi, ama-mollies, noma ngabe ama-guppies, kepha khumbula ukuthi kuleli cala akufanele uthembe ukuthosa. Futhi imabula gourami, iparele gourami, inyanga, icongo, ama-erythrozones nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi.
Ukungafani ngokocansi
Unganquma kanjani ubulili? Akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa noma owesifazane ngaphambi kokuthomba. Futhi noma kunjalo, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuqondwe kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala, lapho i-ovipositor ejiyile, emise okwesigaxa ivela kowesifazane.
Izimpawu ezingaqondile ziyakhohlisa, owesilisa uyilobasteer futhi mkhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba abesifazane bayakwazi ukukhwelana uma bengekho abesilisa. Futhi laba bobabili bazoziphatha ngendlela efanayo, kuze kube sekulingiseni ukuzala.
Ngakho-ke unganquma kuphela ubulili enhlanzini yabantu abadala, futhi noma kunjalo ngokuhlobana okuthile.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha e-aquarium
Ama-Scalarians akha umbhangqwana ozinzile, onomfazi oyedwa, futhi azala ngenkuthalo emanzini ajwayelekile, kepha kunzima ukugcina amaqanda. Njengomthetho, amaqanda abekwa ezindaweni eziqondile: ucezu lwokhuni olukhukhulayo, ishidi eliyisicaba, ngisho nakwingilazi ku-aquarium.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha, amadivayisi akhethekile avame ukufakwa, kungaba izigaxa, noma ucezu lwepayipi lepulasitiki, noma ipayipi le-ceramic.
Njengawo wonke ama-cichlids, bahlakulele inzalo yabo. Ukuzala akulula ukuzala, abazali banakekela amaqanda, kuthi lapho iqanda selichanyuselwa, baqhubeke nokuwabheka aze abhukude.
Njengoba izinhlanzi zikhetha izithandani zazo, indlela engcono yokuthola lezi zibhangqa ukuthenga izinhlanzi eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu bese uzifuya zize zizimisele.
Imvamisa, i-aquarist ifunda ngokuqala kokuzala lapho ibona amaqanda ekhoneni elilodwa, kokunye bonke abahlali be-aquarium.
Kepha, uma uqaphele, ungabona izithandani zilungiselela ukuzalanisa. Banamathela ndawonye, baxoshe ezinye izinhlanzi, futhi bagade i-nook ku-aquarium.
Imvamisa zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-8-12, futhi zingazala njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7-10 uma zithathwe kubo. Ukuzalela kuqala ngokuthi umbhangqwana ukhethe indawo futhi uyihlanze ngendlela efanele.
Bese kuthi owesifazane abeke uchungechunge lwamaqanda, bese owesilisa ewafaka ngokoqobo. Lokhu kuqhubeka kuze kufakwe yonke i-caviar (kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu ambalwa), i-caviar inkulu impela, ikhanya ngombala.
Abazali banakekela i-caviar, bayiphephetha ngamaphiko, badle amaqanda afile noma angenamvumba (aba mhlophe).
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, amaqanda ayaqandusela, kepha izibungu zihlala zinamathele ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, isibungu asidli okwamanje; sisebenzisa okuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac.
Ngemuva kwelinye isonto noma ngaphezulu, uyathosa bese eqala ukubhukuda ngokukhululeka. Ungondla gazinga nge-brine shrimp nauplii noma okunye okuphakelayo ngefry. Kukhuliswe izigidi zamafry ku-brine shrimp nauplii, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Zidinga ukondliwa kathathu noma kane ngosuku, ezingxenyeni zazo ezingadla ngemizuzu emibili kuya kwemithathu.
E-aquarium enefry, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlungi sangaphakathi ngendwangu yokuwasha futhi ngaphandle kwesembozo, njengoba sinikeza ukuhlunga okwanele, kepha kungamunci gazinga ngaphakathi.
Ubumsulwa bamanzi bubaluleke njengokudla okuvamile, kungenxa yezinto ezinqwabelene ezinqwabelene ezifa kakhulu.
Imvamisa ama-aquarists abuza ukuthi kungani izinhlanzi zidla amaqanda azo? Lokhu kungabangelwa yingcindezi, lapho zizalela emanzini ajwayelekile futhi ziphazanyiswa ezinye izinhlanzi, noma emibhangqwaneni emincane engakabi nakho okuhlangenwe nakho.
