Ubuvila yaziwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yegama layo. Bahlala eNingizimu Melika ekude, abavamile ukubonwa ema-zoo, kodwa bambalwa abantu abangezwanga ngalezi zilwane ezinedumela lokuba yizona ezihamba phambili kunazo zonke. Ziyahamba kancane impela, kepha hhayi ngenxa yobuvila, kepha ngoba zine-metabolism ehamba kancane kakhulu, futhi ukwakheka komzimba akuvumeli ukuthi zisheshe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sloth
AmaSloths akha yonke i-suborder Folivora, engaphansi kwe-oda lokuzijabulisa. Imindeni emibili isindile kuze kube yilolu suku: ama-sloth amathathu anezinzwane noma iBradypodidae, echazwe nguD. Gray ngo-1821; ama-sloths anezinzwane ezimbili, nawo angamaMegalonychidae - achazwa ngu-P. Gervais ngo-1855.
Esikhathini esidlule, ososayensi bababheka njengezihlobo eziseduze - empeleni, zifana kakhulu ngokubukeka. Kepha-ke kwavela ukuthi lokhu kuyisibonelo sokuguquka okuguqukayo - yize kungokuhleleka okufanayo, akusekho okuhlobene komunye nomunye ngaphandle kwezidliwayo, kanti okhokho babo babehluke kakhulu. Okhokho abasondelene kakhulu bama-sloth amabili anezinzwane ngokuvamile babebakhulu ngobukhulu futhi behamba phansi.
Ividiyo: Sloth
Izinhlobo zokuqala ezihle kakhulu zabuyela emuva eCretaceous futhi zasinda ekuqothulweni okukhulu okwaphawula ukuphela kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, bachuma: eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-40 edlule, izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphindwe kashumi zazihlala emhlabeni kunalezi ezikhona manje, kanti ezinkulu kunazo zonke zazilingana nendlovu.
Babehlala eNingizimu Melika ngaleso sikhathi, futhi babengenamncintiswano, owawuvumela izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ukuba zivele. Kodwa-ke iNingizimu Melika yahlangana neNyakatho Melika - ekuqaleni lokhu kwabavumela ukuthi bandise ububanzi babo, bathuthele lapho, kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuncintisana okwandisiwe, izinhlobo eziningi zaqala ukufa.
Le nqubo yaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-12 BC, okokuqala yathinta enkulu kunazo zonke, kwalandela leyo eyayincane kancane - amanye ama-sloth amakhulu aze akwazi ukubamba umuntu, njengoba kufakazelwa amamaki avela kumathuluzi asemathanjeni awo nezinsalela zezikhumba ezicutshunguliwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasinda kuphela abancane kunabo bonke.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sloth ngokwemvelo
Ubukhulu, njengezinye izimpawu, bungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo, kepha hhayi ngokweqile. Njengomthetho, ubude bawo buyi-50-60 cm nesisindo ngu-5-6 kg. Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezinsundu ezikhanyayo. Imvamisa iba nombala oluhlaza ngenxa yolwelwe olungakhula kuwo ngqo - lokhu kuvumela ama-sloth ukuthi angabonakali emaqabungeni.
Ibhantshi liyakhasa futhi lide ngokwedlulele, ikhanda ligcwele ngalo kangangokuthi kwesinye isikhathi kubonakala amehlo alo kuphela. AmaSloth afana nezinkawu, kepha-ke, asebudlelwaneni obude kakhulu nawo, izilwane ezihlobene kakhulu nazo ziyizindawo zokudlalela.
Banomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela, kepha lesi yiso kuphela isitho somqondo esithuthuke kahle - ukuzwa nokubona kwabo akuhlukile ngokuqina. Amazinyo azo awanampande, kanye noqweqwe lwawo, ngakho-ke ahlukaniswa njengangaphelele. Ukhakhayi lunezingxenye ezimbili, ubuchopho bubekwe kwesinye sazo, sincane futhi sinezingqinamba ezimbalwa.
Zihlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kweminwe - ziqinile kakhulu futhi zifana nezingwegwe. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuzizwa bebahle ezihlahleni, okunika ngisho nezinkawu ithuba lokukwazi ukukhuphuka - yize kungenjalo ngejubane abenza ngalo.
Onke ama-sloth ahlanganiswe yilokho anikwe khona igama - ukuhamba kancane. Phakathi kwazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, yizona ezingaphuthumi kakhulu, futhi azihambi nje kancane, kodwa zihamba kancane, futhi ngokuvamile zizama ukunyakaza okuncane.
G. Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdez, omunye wabokuqala ukubhala incazelo eningiliziwe ye-Central America, uchaze ibheja njengesidalwa esinyanyeka futhi esingenamsebenzi owake wasibona. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu ozovumelana naye - izivakashi eziningi ezigcina ama-zoo ziyazithanda kakhulu, kanye nezivakashi okwenzeka ukuthi zizibone endalweni.
Ihlala kuphi ibheja?
Isithombe: Ubuhle obuhlekisayo
Lezi zilwane zine-metabolism ehamba kancane nokushisa komzimba okuphansi, ngakho-ke zidinga imfudumalo futhi zihlala kuphela ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele. Izwe lakubo iNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, lapho bahlala ezindaweni ezinkudlwana. Bahlala ngamunye ngamunye emahlathini aminyene, imvamisa bahlala ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Izwe elisenyakatho lapho kuhlala khona ama-sloth anezinzwane ezimbili yiNicaragua, kanti ama-sloth amathathu anezinzwane ezintathu awatholakali enyakatho yeHonduras. Kusuka kulezi zifundazwe naseningizimu, bahlala kuyo yonke iMelika Ephakathi, kanye nasemazweni aseduze nogu olusenyakatho yeLatin.
Imingcele eseningizimu yebanga lama-sloth anezinzwane ezimbili ilele enyakatho yePeru. Bahlala eColombia naseVenezuela, ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho yeBrazil. Ububanzi be-sloth enezinzwane ezintathu bubanzi kakhulu, abufaki nje kuphela wonke amazwe afanayo, kodwa futhi busabalala kakhulu eningizimu.
Zitholakala e-Ecuador, kulo lonke elasePeru, eBrazil, eParaguay, eBolivia nase-Uruguay, kanye nasenyakatho ye-Argentina. Ngakho-ke, bahlala cishe kuyo yonke iNingizimu Melika. Yize lokhu kungasho ukuthi kuneziningi zazo: ngaphakathi kobubanzi kungaba nezikhala ezinkulu lapho kungatholakali khona ibheja elilodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuphela kwento ama-sloth okufanele ehle esihlahleni ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Uma ezinye izilwane ze-arboreal zikwenza lokhu ngaphandle kokuya phansi, khona-ke ama-sloth ngaso sonke isikhathi aya phansi, yize esengozini enkulu yokubanjwa ngumzingeli ngalezi zikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla uqobo kubathatha isikhathi esiningi - uhambo oluya lapho nangemuva lungathatha kalula uhhafu wosuku. Kepha futhi akuvamile ukuthi bathulule amathumbu abo, cishe kanye ngesonto. Ngemuva kwalokho, bagqiba indle yabo enhlabathini ngokucophelela.
Manje uyazi ukuthi idlozi lidlani. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani idlothi?
Isithombe: Sloth eMelika
Imenyu yabo ifaka phakathi:
- amaqabunga nezimbali zezihlahla;
- izithelo;
- izinambuzane;
- ezihuquzelayo ezincane.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, badla amaqabunga, futhi konke okunye kumane nje kugcwalisa ukudla kwabo. Bathanda ikakhulukazi i-cecropia - womabili amaqabunga nezimbali. Ekuthunjweni, kubalulekile ukubanikeza, ngoba akulula ukugcina ama-sloth kuma-zoo. Zikhetha ukudla amahlumela amancane.
Abazingeli izibankwa nezinambuzane ikakhulukazi, kepha uma kwenzeka beseduze futhi bazivumela ukuthi babanjwe, nabo bangazidla. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi ngenxa yokuhamba kancane kwama-sloths - imvamisa isisulu sibalekela wona, ngakho-ke kufanele uqhubeke nokuhlafuna amaqabunga.
Isisu sama-sloth siyinkimbinkimbi futhi senzelwe ukukhipha zonke izakhamzimba ekudleni okungena kuwo. Lonke uhlelo lwazo lokugaya ukudla nalo luyinkimbinkimbi, olukhokhela inani eliphansi lomsoco wamaqabunga. Ama-bacterium angama-symbiotic asiza ukugaya kwe-sloths.
Ukugaya kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi amasonto. Lokhu akulula kakhulu, ngoba ngaphezu kuka-65% wesisindo somzimba webheja kungaba ukudla okugaywa esiswini salo - kunzima ukukuthwala.
Kepha lokhu kuyabavumela, uma kunesidingo, ukuthi bangadli isikhathi eside - imvamisa izilwane ezidla utshani ngokushesha ziqala ukubulawa yindlala futhi ziphelelwe amandla, kepha lokhu akujwayelekile ngokuphelele kuma-sloth. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuhamba kancane komzimba, abesabi ubuthi obuqukethwe amaqabunga ezinye izihlahla ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-sloth esincane
Isikhathi sokuvuka siyehluka ngezinhlobo - ngokwesibonelo, ama-sloth amathathu anezinzwane aphaphile futhi afuna ukudla emini, kepha ama-sloth amabili anezinzwani ezimbili, alala kakhulu emini, futhi lapho kufika ukuhwalala anquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokudla. Imvamisa bahlala bodwa futhi kuyaqabukela bahlangane nabazalwa ngenxa yokuthi bahamba kancane.
Kepha uma behlangana, bahlala benobungani njalo, bangadla esihlahleni esisodwa futhi bahlale eduze isikhathi eside - kuze kube amasonto. Ngasikhathi sinye, baxhumana okuncane: ngokuvamile bayathula, futhi abacishe bashintshe indlela abaziphethe ngayo - njengoba belengise cishe benganyakazi cishe usuku lonke, bayaqhubeka nokwenza lokhu, kodwa ndawonye.
Bachitha isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yosuku ephusheni, futhi bavame ukulenga egatsheni ngamakhanda abo phansi. Ijubane le-sloth cishe liyi-3 metres ngomzuzu, futhi emhlabathini libalelwa uhhafu. Lapho ehlela phansi, ukunyakaza kwakhe kuyahlekisa - kubonakala sengathi kunzima kakhulu kuye ukuzungeza noma isithiyo esincane kakhulu.
Futhi zihamba ezihlahleni ngokwehlukile kwezinye izilwane: isibonelo, inkawu ibamba amagatsha futhi ibanjwe ukuqina kwemisipha. Kodwa i-sloth cishe asinayo imisipha, ngakho-ke ayibambeleli egatsheni, kodwa ilenga kuso - uzipho lwaso lusigobile njengezingwegwe futhi aluvumeli ukuthi lusebenzise amandla. Lokhu konga amandla kakhulu, kepha ungahamba kancane kuphela.
Kepha i-sloth uqobo, lokhu akuyona inkinga, kuye ukuhamba okunje kuvamile, ngoba wenza konke okunye ngokungasheshi: ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlafuna ukudla isikhathi eside kakhulu, udinga isikhathi esiningi ngisho nokujika nje intamo. Ngenhlanhla, imvelo imnikeze amandla okuyijikeleza ngama-degree angu-180.
Impilo yokuvilapha ye-sloth inqunywa yi-biology yayo: ine-metabolism ehamba kancane kakhulu, okusho amandla amancane, nokushisa komzimba okuphansi - cishe ngama-30-32 degrees, kanti ngesikhathi sokulala yehla ngamanye ama-degree ayi-6-8. Ngakho-ke, kufanele wonge kukho konke ukunyakaza, umzimba wakhe obhekana nakho ngempumelelo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby Sloth
Imvamisa ama-sloths ahlala ngamunye ngamunye futhi ahlangana ngenhlanhla kuphela. Uma owesilisa nowesifazane be-sloth enezinzwane ezimbili behlangana, bangaqala ukukhwelana - abanayo inkathi ethile yonyaka yokuzala, kungenzeka kunoma iyiphi inyanga. Ngezinja ezineminwe emithathu, isimo sihlukile - inkathi iqala ngoJulayi, lapho befunana ngamabomu.
Abesifazane bayayinakekela inzalo, kepha abesilisa abanayo intshisekelo kuye, futhi imvamisa bayayishiya ngaphambi kokuba izalwe. Ekuqaleni, iwundlu lilenga kunina ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi londle ubisi lwakhe, futhi kusukela ngenyanga yesibili kancane kancane liqala ukuthuthela emaqabungeni - ekuqaleni lisebenza njengesengezo, bese kancane kancane lithatha indawo eyandayo ekudleni.
Kepha, njengakho konke empilweni yama-sloth, le nqubo ingabambezeleka kakhulu: abantu bezinhlobo ezithile baqala impilo yokuzimela ezinyangeni eziyi-9, kepha abanye badla ubisi lukamama kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Futhi ngomqondo ongokoqobo, bangabambelela kumama aze afike ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ngemuva kwalokho babe nzima kakhulu.
Ubukhulu be-sloth yabantu abadala bufinyelela eminyakeni emi-3, bese kuba ovuthiwe ngokocansi. Bahlala emvelweni kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10-15, ezimweni ezingavamile isikhathi eside. Uma igcinwe ekuthunjweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ibheja lingase lifike eminyakeni engama-20-25.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengoba ama-sloth engenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, acishe angayidingi imisipha, kanye nenhliziyo eqinile yokuwanika igazi lapho ezivocavoca umzimba. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu benhliziyo ye-sloth bungu-0.3% kuphela wesisindo somzimba wayo, futhi ubukhulu bayo bemisipha bungu-25%. Kuzo zombili lezi zinkomba, ungaphansi ngesigamu nakabili kuya kabili kunomuntu okuthi naye abe kude nokuba ngumnikazi werekhodi.
Izitha zemvelo zama-sloth
Isithombe: Sloth esihlahleni
Phakathi kwezitha zakhe emvelweni kukhona:
- ama-jaguar;
- iphampu;
- izinhlwathi;
- ocelots;
- izingwenya;
- amahabhu.
Kepha empeleni, iningi lalezi zilwane ezihlasela izilwane liba usongo kubheja kuphela lapho lehlela phansi, futhi lokhu likwenza kancane kakhulu. Le yimfihlo yokusinda ngokunembile kwalezo zinhlobo zama-sloth ezazincane ngosayizi ngenkathi ezinkulu ziphela - ziyakwazi ukulenga emagatsheni amancane, lapho izidumbu ezinkulu zingenakufinyelela khona.
Ngakho-ke, nezingwegwe ezikwaziyo ukugibela ezihlahleni zingakhotha izindebe zazo kuphela bese zilinda ibheja ukuba linqume ukwehla esihlahleni noma okungenani liye phansi emagatsheni awugqinsi. Futhi kuzofanela ulinde isikhathi eside, futhi ama-sloths awamnandi kangako ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemisipha okucishe kuphelele - ngakho-ke ayisiyona inyamazane ephambili yama-felines.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-sloth azi kahle ukuthi ingozi ayisongeli phansi kuphela, kepha futhi uma yehlela emagatsheni aphansi, futhi ikhuphukela phezulu ngamabomu. Kuyiqiniso, esinye isitha singahlangana lapha - amahabhu adlayo. Uma ibheja libonakala lapho lindiza phezulu, ngokuqinisekile lizolihlasela, ngoba uboya obuluhlaza nokungasebenzi kudlalela ezandleni zakhe.
Futhi nokho bakhetha ukungakhuphuki kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi ngenxa yezilwane ezidla ezinye, indawo abahlala kuyo ezihlahleni incishisiwe kakhulu. Lawa kufanele abe ngamagatsha amancane asondele phezulu, kepha hhayi phezulu kakhulu, ukuze izinyoni zingaboni. Lapho kufika isikhukhula, futhi ama-sloth ebhukuda, izingwenya zingazama ukuwadla.
Abantu futhi benza njengezitha zabo: amaNdiya azingela ama-sloth kusuka ezikhathini zasendulo futhi adla inyama yawo, afaka izihlalo ezinezikhumba, futhi asebenzisa uzipho ekuhlobiseni. Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela akukaze kutholakale isilinganiso esingeqile esisongela ukuqothulwa kwesilwane - ngemuva kwakho konke, bekungezona nezisulu zabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Sloth ngokwemvelo
Awekho ama-slots amabili noma izinzwane ezintathu avikelekile futhi athathwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, zisazingelwa, yize zingabizi kakhulu kwezentengiselwano. Isilinganiso sokuzingela sincane ngokuqhathaniswa, futhi asisongeli abantu.
Ukungasebenzi kusebenza njengokuvikela okuthembekile, kanye nempilo eyedwa - kunzima ukuwabona phakathi kwezihlahla, futhi noma ngabe ukuzingela kuphumelele, imvamisa kungenzeka ukubamba i-sloth esisodwa sosayizi omncane nesisindo. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa abantu bababulala ngokuhlangana ngengozi ngenkathi bezingela ezinye izilwane.
Abantu basongelwa kakhulu ngamanye amashwa, ikakhulukazi ukwehliswa kwendawo abangahlala kuyo, ngenxa yokwanda kwentuthuko yomuntu. Inkinga enkulu yizintambo zikagesi, ngoba zinwebeka ngisho nasehlathini elikhulu kunawo wonke, ngakho-ke ama-sloth kwesinye isikhathi azama ukukhuphuka futhi afe ngenxa yamanje.
Kepha kuze kube manje, lezi zinsongo azikabaluleki kangako kanti inani lama-sloth lihlala lizinzile. Ngakho-ke, ama-sloth amathathu anezinzwane ahlala kakhulu emahlathini aseduze ne-Amazon - ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu bawo esifundeni saseManaus kulinganiselwa kubantu abangama-220 ngekhilomitha-skwele. Kwezinye izindawo, liphansi, kepha nokho inani eliphelele lilinganiselwa kumashumi ezigidi zabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona ezinye izinto ama-sloth angazenza ngokushesha, okungenani ngokushesha okukhulu - abhukuda kahle. Esigodini sase-Amazon, ukuchitheka kuvamile, kwenzeka ukuthi umhlaba uhlala ungaphansi kwamanzi izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele babhukude phakathi kwezihlahla - noma kubonakala sengathi bakwenza ngokungahambi kahle, baba nesivinini esingu-4-5 km / h.
Ubuvila Isilwane esincane futhi esinobungane. Zingabonakala zingenamsebenzi futhi zihamba kancane, kepha eziningi zikuthola kubukeka. Isigqi sempilo yabo sikalwa kakhulu: iningi losuku balala ngalo, sonke isikhathi basilenga ezihlahleni badle amaqabunga. Futhi bakwenza ngokunensa kangangoba akunakwenzeka ngokushesha ukubona ukuthi abalali.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 25
