AmaGeophagus aheha abathandi abaningi bama-cichlid. Zihluke kakhulu ngosayizi, umbala, indlela yokuziphatha nokuzala. Ngokwemvelo, ama-geophagus ahlala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi eNingizimu Melika, zihlala zombili emifuleni enemisinga enamandla nasemanzini amile, emanzini asobala futhi acishe abe mnyama, emanzini abandayo nafudumele. Kwezinye zazo izinga lokushisa lehla laya ku-10 ° C ebusuku!
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuhlukahluka okunjalo emvelweni, cishe yonke inhlobo inezici zayo eziyihlukanisa nomunye umkhakha.
Ngokuvamile, i-geophagus izinhlanzi ezinkulu impela, ubukhulu obukhulu bungu-30 cm, kepha isilinganiso sihluka phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-10 kuya kwayi-12. Esikhathini esedlule, uhlobo lweRetroculus nalo lufakiwe.
Igama elithi Geophagus lakhiwa yimpande yesiGreki iGeo earth kanye phagus, engahunyushwa ngokuthi idla umhlaba.
Leli gama lichaza ngokuphelele izinhlanzi, njengoba zicosha inhlabathi emilonyeni yazo, bese ziyidedela ngemigodi, ngaleyo ndlela zikhethe konke okudliwayo.
Ukugcina ku-aquarium
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ama-geophagus ukuhlanzeka kwamanzi nokukhetha okulungile kwenhlabathi. Izinguquko zamanzi ezijwayelekile kanye nesihlungi esinamandla kuyadingeka ukugcina i-aquarium ihlanzekile futhi inesihlabathi ukuze i-geophagus ikwazi ukubona imvelo yabo.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi bamba ngokungakhathali kulo mhlabathi, akuyona into elula kangako ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bamanzi, futhi isihlungi sangaphandle samandla alinganiselayo siyadingeka.
Kodwa-ke, lapha kusadingeka ubheke izinhlobo ezithile ezihlala e-aquarium yakho, ngoba akubona bonke abantu abathanda umsinga oqinile.
Isibonelo, i-geophagus Biotodoma neSatanoperca, zihlala emanzini apholile futhi zikhetha umsinga obuthakathaka, kuyilapho iGuianacara, kunalokho, isemifudlaneni nasemifuleni enamandla anamandla.
Bathanda kakhulu amanzi afudumele (ngaphandle kweGymnogeophagus), ngakho-ke i-heater nayo iyadingeka.
Ukukhanyisa kungakhethwa ngokuya ngezitshalo, kepha ngokujwayelekile i-geophagus ithanda umthunzi. Zibukeka kahle kakhulu kuma-aquariums alingisa ama-biotopes aseNingizimu Melika.
I-Driftwood, amagatsha, amaqabunga awile, amatshe amakhulu ngeke ahlobise i-aquarium kuphela, kepha futhi ayenze ibe ntofontofo ngegeophagus. Isibonelo, i-driftwood ayigcini ngokunikeza indawo yokuhlala izinhlanzi, kepha futhi ikhipha ama-tannins emanzini, ayenze ibe ne-asidi futhi isondele kumingcele yemvelo.
Kungashiwo okufanayo ngamaqabunga omile. Futhi i-biotope ibukeka kahle nje kulokhu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlala eNingizimu Melika zizoba omakhelwane abalungile bama-geophagus. Isibonelo, izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-cichlids ne-catfish (imihubhe eyahlukahlukene kanye ne-tarakatum).
Kungcono ukugcina i-geophagus eqenjini labantu abahlanu kuya kwabangu-15. Emhlambini onjalo, bazizwa bezethemba ngokwengeziwe, bekhuthele ngokwengeziwe, banobukhosi babo emhlambini, futhi amathuba okuzala okuphumelelayo akhula kakhulu.
Ngokwehlukile, kufanele kushiwo ngokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ngezinhlanzi ze-geophagus aquarium. Njengoba ungaqagela, e-aquarium lapho inhlabathi ihlale ihlafunwa khona futhi kukhuphuka amasele, kunzima kakhulu ukuthi baphile.
Ungatshala izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga aqinile njenge-Anubias noma i-Javanese moss, noma izihlahla ezinkulu ze-Echinodorus ne-Cryptocoryne ezimbizeni.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nama-echoes amakhulu ayembiwa bese entanta phezulu, ngoba izinhlanzi zivame ukumba ezihlahleni nangaphansi kwezimpande zezitshalo.
Ukondla
Ngokwemvelo, ukudla kwama-geophagus ngqo kuncike endaweni abahlala kuyo. Badla kakhulu izinambuzane ezincane, izithelo eziwele emanzini, nezibungu ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini.
Ku-aquarium, badinga i-fiber eningi ne-chitin ukuze umgudu wabo wokugaya usebenze kahle.
Ngaphezu kokudla okuhlukahlukene okubukhoma nokufriziwe, udinga futhi ukunikeza imifino - amaqabunga eletisi, isipinashi, ukhukhamba, i-zucchini.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ukudla okuphezulu ku-fiber fiber, njengama-cichlid pellets aseMalawi.
Incazelo
IGeophagus iyinhlobo enkulu, futhi ifaka izinhlanzi eziningi ezinemibala ehlukene nemibala. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlanzi ukuma kwekhanda, okuyindilinga kancane, ngamehlo aphakeme.
Umzimba ucindezelwe emaceleni, unamandla, umbozwe ngemivimbo enemibala ehlukahlukene kanye nokuma. Kuze kube manje, sekuchazwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-20 ze-geophagus ezahlukahlukene, futhi minyaka yonke lolu hlu lubuyekezwa ngezinhlobo ezintsha.
Amalungu omndeni asakazeke kuyo yonke indawo yase-Amazon (kufaka phakathi i-Orinoco), lapho ahlala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi.
Izinhlobo ezitholakala emakethe ngokuvamile azikho ngaphezu kuka-12 cm, njengeGeophagus sp. ikhanda elibomvu iTapajos. Kepha, kunezinhlanzi no-25-30 cm lilinye, njengeGeophagus altifrons neGeophagus proximus.
Bazizwa kangcono emazingeni okushisa angama-26-28 ° C, i-pH 6.5-8, nobulukhuni obuphakathi kuka-10 no-20 dGH.
IGeophagus ichamisela amaqanda emilonyeni yabo, omunye wabazali uthatha izibungu emilonyeni yabo azithwale izinsuku eziyi-10-14. Amafry ashiya umlomo wabazali kuphela ngemuva kokuba isikhwama se-yolk sigaywe ngokuphelele.
Ngemuva kwalokho, basacasha ngemilomo yabo uma kunengozi noma ebusuku. Abazali bayayeka ukunakekela ifry ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, imvamisa ngaphambi kokuphinda bazale futhi.
I-geophagus enekhanda elibomvu
I-geophagus enekhanda elibomvu yakha iqembu elihlukile, ngaphakathi kohlobo lweGeophagus. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: iGeophagus steindachneri, iGeophagus crassilabris, neGeophagus pellegrini.
Banegama labo lesigaxa esinamafutha ebunzini emadodeni amadala, avuthiwe ngokobulili, aphenduka abomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhula kuphela emadodeni amakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuzala iba ngaphezulu.
Bahlala emadanyini anezinga lokushisa lamanzi kusuka ku-26 ° kuya ku-30 ° C, ukuthamba kuya kokuphakathi, ne-pH engu-6 - 7. Usayizi omkhulu ufinyelela kuma-25 cm, kepha kuma-aquariums ngokuvamile mancane.
Lawa ma-geophagus awakwazi ukugcinwa ngababili, kuphela kuma-harem, ukuziphatha kwawo kufana ncamashi nama-cichlids ase-Afrika avela kumbuna. Azithobeki futhi kulula ukuzala, zithwala gazinga emlonyeni.
I-geophagus yaseBrazil
Elinye iqembu yi-geophagus yaseBrazil, eqanjwe ngendawo abahlala kuyo ngokwemvelo. Lezi zinhlobo ezinjenge: Geophagus iporangensis, Geophagus itapicuruensis, noGeophagus obscurus, Geophagus brasiliensis.
Bahlala empumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBrazil, emadamini anemisinga eqinile futhi ebuthakathaka, kepha ikakhulukazi enaphansi kwesihlabathi.
Umzimba wabo awucindezelwe ngemuva njengakwenye i-geophagus, amehlo mancane, nomlomo uphakeme. Abesilisa bahluke kakhulu kwabesifazane ngokuqinile, abesilisa bakhulu, futhi amakhanda abo anesigaxa esinamafutha axega kakhulu. Abesilisa futhi banamaphiko amade ane-sheen yensimbi emaphethelweni.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezinkulu impela, ngokwesibonelo, i-Geophagus brasiliensis ingakhula ifike kuma-30 cm.
Ama-geophagus aseBrazil ahlala ezimweni zamapharamitha ahlukile. Ukushisa kwabo kusuka ku-16 ° kuye ku-30 ° C, ukuqina kwamanzi kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-15, ne-pH kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7.
Izinhlanzi ezinolaka, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzala. Ukuzala akujwayelekile kuwo wonke ama-geophagus. Insikazi ithola indawo, imvamisa etsheni noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla, iyayihlanza bese izalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-1000.
Izibungu ziyaqhekeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane uzidlulisela komunye wemigodi eyayimbiwe phambilini. Ngakho-ke uzozifihla kuze kube yilapho isibhakabhaka sibhukuda. Abazali banakekela gazinga amasonto amathathu.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-6-9, i-fry ifinyelela cishe ku-10 cm futhi ingazalela yodwa.
I-Gymneophagus
IGymneophagus (Gymnogeophagus spp.) Kuhlala imizimba yamanzi eningizimu yeBrazil, empumalanga yeParaguay, e-Uruguay nasenyakatho ne-Argentina, kufaka phakathi umcengezi waseLa Plata.
Zikhetha imizimba yamanzi enemisinga ebuthakathaka futhi imvamisa igwema imifula emikhulu, isuka esiteshini esikhulu iye emifuleni. Esikhathini esiningi zingatholakala kumatheku, imifula nemifudlana.
Ngokwemvelo, izinga lokushisa lomoya ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-hymneophagus linyuka kakhulu unyaka wonke, kanti kwezinye izindawo kungaba ngama-20 ° C. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, isib. 8 ° C, aqoshwa!
Kuze kube manje, sekuchazwe inqwaba yama-subspecies ahlukahlukene we-hymneophagus, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists yi-geophagus balzanii gymnogeophagus balzanii.
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngombala wazo ogqamile nosayizi omncane. Ezinye zazo zichamisela amaqanda emlonyeni, ezinye zizalela ku-substrate.
I-Biotodome
IGeophagus Biotodoma ihlala ezindaweni ezinokuthula, ezihamba kancane emfuleni i-Amazon. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezichazwe: i-Biotodoma wavrini ne-Biotodoma cupido.
Bahlala eduze namabhishi anezihlabathi ezinesihlabathi noma ezinodaka, babhukuda ngezikhathi ezithile ezindaweni ezinamatshe, amaqabunga noma izimpande. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lizinzile futhi lisuka ku-27 kuye ku-29 ° C.
I-biotode ibonakala ngomugqa omile mpo ogudla i-operculum futhi unqamula amehlo.
Kukhona ichashazi elikhulu elimnyama elitholakala kulayini ohlangothini. Izindebe azinanyama, nomlomo ngokwawo mncane impela, ngokuqondene negeophagus.
Lezi izinhlanzi ezincane, ezifika ku-10 cm ubude. Amapharamitha afanele wokugcina i-geophagus biotodome yi-pH 5 - 6.5, izinga lokushisa 28 ° C (82 ° F), ne-GH ngaphansi kuka-10.
Zizwela kakhulu emazingeni e-nitrate emanzini, ngakho-ke ukuguqulwa kwamanzi masonto onke kuyadingeka.
Kepha, abawuthandi umsinga onamandla, udinga ukusebenzisa umtshingo uma kufakwa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle. I-caviar ibekwa phezu kwamatshe noma izinkuni.
IGuianacara
Iningi lama-geophagus aseGuianacara azalela emihumeni emincane, futhi atholakala emisinga enamandla eningizimu yeVenezuela naseFrench Guiana, kanye nasesifundeni iRio Branco.
Endalweni bahlala emhlambini, kepha bazala ngababili. Isici sokubukeka kwabo ngumugqa omnyama odlulela emaphethelweni aphansi e-operculum, wakhe ikona elimnyama esihlathini senhlanzi.
Banephrofayili ephezulu, kepha akukho bump fat. Kuchazwe njengamanje: G. geayi, G. oelemariensis, G. owroewefi, G. sphenozona, G. stergiosi, no G. cuyunii.
USathaneoperk
Uhlobo lweSatanoperca luqukethe izinhlobo ezithandwayo S. jurupari, S. leucosticta, S. daemon, futhi, okuvame kakhulu, S. pappaterra, S. lilith, kanye S. acuticeps.
Ngokuya ngohlobo, ubukhulu balezi zinhlanzi busuka ku-10 kuye ku-30 cm ubude. Isici esivamile kubo ubukhona bephuzu elimnyama eliyindilinga phansi.
Bahlala emanzini azolile esigodini soMfula i-Orinoco nasezingxenyeni ezingenhla zeRio Paraguay, kanye nasemifuleni iRio Negro neRio Branco. Ekuseni bahlala eduze nezicucu, lapho bemba khona udaka, ubumba, isihlabathi esihle futhi babheke ukudla.
Emini baya ekujuleni, njengoba besaba izinyoni ezidla inyama zilandelela inyamazane yazo kusukela emiqhele yezihlahla, kuthi ebusuku ziphindele emuva ezicijweni, njengoba kufika isikhathi sezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye.
IPiranhas bangomakhelwane babo abahlale bekhona, ngakho-ke iningi legeophagus lohlobo olubanjwe emvelweni linomonakalo emzimbeni nasemaphikweni alo.
Ezinye izinhlobo, njengeSatanoperca jurupari neSatanoperca leucosticta, zingama-cichlid anamahloni futhi zigcinwa kahle nezinhlobo ezizolile.
Badinga amanzi athambile, afinyelela ku-10 dGH, nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-28 ° no-29 ° C. ISatanoperca daemon, okunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina, idinga amanzi athambile futhi ane-asidi. Imvamisa bahlushwa ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu nesifo sohlobo lwembobo.
I-Acarichthys
Uhlobo lwe-Acarichthys lunommeleli oyedwa kuphela - i-Acarichthys heckelii. Ngobude obungu-10 cm kuphela, le nhlanzi ihlala eRio Negro, Branco, Rupuni, lapho amanzi ane-pH engaba ngu-6, ukuqina okungaphansi kwama-degree ayi-10, kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-20 ° kuye ku-28 ° C.
Ngokungafani namanye ama-geophagus, i-hackel inomzimba omncane kanye ne-dorsal fin ende. Okunye futhi okuyisici yindawo emnyama phakathi komzimba nolayini omile omnyama odlula ngamehlo.
Esiphethweni sangemuva, imisebe isikhule yaba imicu emide, emincane, ngombala obomvu ngokugqamile. Ezinhlanzi ezivuthiwe ngokocansi, amachashazi e-opalescent avela ku-operculum ngokushesha ngaphansi kwamehlo.
Amaphiko ezinqunu nezimpiko ambozwe ngamabala amaningi akhanyayo, kanti umzimba uluhlaza okomnqumo. Eqinisweni, kunemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene esithengiswayo, kepha kude kakhulu lolu olunye lwezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zegeophagus ezitholakala lapho kuthengiswa khona.
Yize u-Akarichtis Heckel ekhula eba usayizi ohloniphekile, unomlomo omncane nezindebe ezondile. Le yinhlanzi enkulu futhi enolaka, kufanele igcinwe emanzini avulekile kakhulu, kubantu aba-5-6, ubude obunga okungenani u-160 cm, ukuphakama okungama-60 cm nobubanzi obungu-cm okungenani 70. Kungagcinwa namanye ama-cichlids amakhulu noma i-geophagus.
Ngokwemvelo, amaHeckels azala emigodini kuze kube yimitha ubude, abamba phansi enhlabathini yobumba. Ngeshwa, la ma-geophagus kunzima ukuzala ku-aquarium ye-amateur, futhi afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi sekwephuzile, abesifazane abaneminyaka emibili ubudala, nabesilisa kwabathathu.
Abanenhlanhla abanamabhangqa aselungisiwe bangelulekwa ukuthi babeke ipulasitiki noma ipayipi le-ceramic, ibhodwe noma enye into ku-aquarium ezolingisa umhubhe.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-2000, futhi amancane kakhulu. IMaleki nayo incane, futhi amanzi aluhlaza kanye nama-ciliates, khona-ke i-microworm ne-Artemia naupilias kungasebenza njengokudla kokuqala kwayo.
Imvamisa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, abazali bayashiya ifry futhi badinga ukususwa.
Isiphetho
IGeophagus yehluke kakhulu ngosayizi, ukuma komzimba, umbala, indlela yokuziphatha. Bahlala iminyaka, uma kungenjalo amashumi eminyaka.
Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo ezingathobekile nezincane, nemidondoshiya engenamqondo.
Kepha, zonke ziyizinhlanzi ezithokozisayo, ezingavamile futhi ezikhanyayo, okungenani kanye empilweni, kepha kufanelekile ukuzama ukuba nanoma yimuphi umthandi wama-cichlids ku-aquarium.
