Ikati leSiamese (igama lesiThai: วิเชียร มา ศ, okusho ukuthi "idayimane lenyanga" eng: ikati le-siamese) wuhlobo olubonakalayo lwamakati asempumalanga. Olunye lwezinhlobo eziningana ezizalelwa eThailand (phambilini eyayiyiSiam), lwaba uhlobo oludume kakhulu eYurophu naseMelika ngekhulu lama-20.
Ikati lesimanjemanje libonakala ngamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka alimile, ukuma kwekhanda okungunxantathu, izindlebe ezinkulu, umzimba omude, onomusa, onemisipha nombala wephuzu lombala.
Umlando wozalo
Ikati lasebukhosini laseSiam seliphile iminyaka eyikhulu, kepha akekho owazi kahle ukuthi laqhamuka nini. Ngokomlando, le misebenzi yobuciko ephilayo ibingabangani bobukhosi kanye nabefundisi amakhulu eminyaka.
Lawa makati achazwe futhi aboniswa encwadini "Tamra Maew" (Izinkondlo ngamakati), okuqinisekisa ukuthi baphila eThailand amakhulu eminyaka. Lo mbhalo wesandla wabhalwa edolobheni lase-Ayutthaya, esikhathini esithile phakathi kuka-1350, ngenkathi leli dolobha lisungulwa okokuqala, nango-1767, ngenkathi liwela kubahlaseli.
Kepha, imifanekiso ikhombisa i-kosha enezinwele eziphaphathekile namabala amnyama ezindlebeni, emsileni, ebusweni nasezidladleni.
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngqo ukuthi lo mbhalo wabhalwa nini. Umbhalo wokuqala, opendwe ngobuciko, ohlotshiswe ngamaqabunga egolide, wenziwe ngamaqabunga esundu noma amagxolo. Lapho kuba kubi kakhulu, kwenziwa ikhophi eletha okuthile okusha.
Akukhathalekile ukuthi ngabe yabhalwa eminyakeni engama-650 eyedlule noma engama-250 ubudala, ingeminye yemibhalo emidala kakhulu emayelana namakati emlandweni. Ikhophi kaTamra Maew igcinwe eNational Library yaseBangkok.
Njengoba babehlonishwa ezweni labo, babeqabukela bedonsa iso labantu abangabazi, ngakho-ke umhlaba wonke wawungazi ngobukhona bawo kuze kube ngama-1800.
Baqala ukwethulwa embukisweni wekati eLondon ngo-1871 futhi enye intatheli yamchaza "njengesilwane esingeyona imvelo, esasebusuku."
Abanye bakhangwa yilolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele, ngombala walo kanye nomoya omuhle, nokwakheka okuhle. Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu labagxeki, nobunzima ngokungenisa, la makati athole ukuthandwa cishe ngaso leso sikhathi.
Izinga lokuqala lokuzalwa, elabhalwa ngo-1892, lachazwa ngokuthi "ukubukeka okumangazayo, okulingene, okusindayo kodwa hhayi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kodwa okuhle, kaningi okunesigaxa emsileni."
Ngaleso sikhathi, ubukhazikhazi obuchazwe abuzange busondele kulobo bekati lesimanjemanje, futhi ukuqwayiza nemibimbi emsileni kwakuvamile futhi kubekezelelwa.
Eminyakeni engama-50-60, lapho amakati ethola ukuthandwa, amakhatholika namajaji kulo mbukiso bathanda amakati abukeka enomusa ngokwengeziwe. Njengomphumela womsebenzi wezakhi zofuzo okhethwayo, bakha ikati elide ngokwedlulele, elinamathambo amancanyana elinekhanda elincane.
Ngenxa yalokho, ikati lesimanjemanje lizacile, linemilenze emide futhi mincane, umsila ozacile nenhloko emise okwekhanda, lapho kukhona izindlebe ezinkulu ngokwedlulele.
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980, amakati akudala anyamalala kulo mbukiso, kepha amakhabethe amaningana (ikakhulukazi e-UK) ayaqhubeka nokuzala nokuwabhalisa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngalesi sikhathi sinezinhlobo ezimbili zamakati aseSiamese: ezesimanje nezendabuko, zombili zivela kokhokho abafanayo, kepha azihlangani esikhathini sethu.
Incazelo yohlobo
Ngamehlo amakhulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amabala abonisiwe, izinwele ezimfushane, zingenye yezinhlobo ezibonakalayo nezithandwa kakhulu.
Zinomusa, zinhle, zinomzimba omude, omude, ikhanda elimise okhonjiwe, umsila omude nentamo, kanti-ke nemilenze emide.
Umzimba oyingqayizivele, oyishubhu onamathambo amahle, unemisipha futhi unomusa. Inhloko iphakathi nendawo ngosayizi ohlanganisiwe. Izindlebe zinkulu, zikhonjisiwe, futhi zihlukaniswe kabanzi ekhanda, kuqhubeka nolayini wazo.
Umsila mude, ufana nesiswebhu, ukhombe ngaphandle kwama-kink. Amehlo afana ne-alimondi, aphakathi nendawo, i-squint ayamukeleki, futhi umbala kufanele ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amakati amakhulu eSiamese anesisindo esisuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 kg, amakati kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-4 kg. Amakati wendabuko aseSiamese anesisindo esisuka ku-3.5 kuye ku-5.5 kg, namakati kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-7 kg.
Bonisa amakati ekilasi akufanele abe mncane kakhulu noma abe amafutha. Ukulinganisela kanye ne-finesse kubalulekile ekuzaleni, zonke izingxenye kufanele zihlangane zibe yinto eyodwa, ehambisanayo, ngaphandle kokulinganiswa kunoma iyiphi indlela.
Amakati wendabuko athandwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo, kepha angabamba iqhaza kuphela embukisweni ezinhlanganweni ezimbalwa. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-TICA ibiza ikati elifana ne-Thai.
Ngokusho kokubukwa kwezimfundamakhwela, ikati lendabuko (noma iThai, njengoba ufisa) livame ukuba nempilo enhle futhi liqinise ngokwengeziwe, alinazo izifo eziningi zangaphakathi ezitholwa yilowo oweqisayo.
Izinwele zala makati zifushane kakhulu, zinosilika, ziyacwebezela, zisondele emzimbeni. Kepha, isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo sohlobo amaphuzu emibala (ijazi elikhanyayo elinombala omnyama kuzidladla, isifonyo, izindlebe nomsila).
Lokhu kungumphumela we-albinism engakhethi - i-acromelanism, lapho umbala wejazi umnyama ezingxenyeni ezibandayo zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindlebe, izidladla, isifonyo kanye nomsila kumnyama, njengoba izinga lokushisa kuzo liphansi kunezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ku-CFA naku-CFA, bavela ngemibala emine: isial, ushokoledi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi, nephuzu elilodwa kuphela, iphuzu lemibala.
Ezinye izinhlangano futhi zivumela ukumakwa kombala: iphuzu elibomvu, iphoyinti kakhilimu, iphuzu ukhilimu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iphuzu le-ilac-cream nemibala eminingi. Ukumakwa ezindlebeni, kumaski, kwizidladla nasemsileni kumnyama kunombala womzimba futhi kudala umehluko ophawulekayo. Noma kunjalo, umbala wejazi ungaba mnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uhlamvu
Amakati eSiamese anobungani obukhulu, ahlakaniphile futhi anamathele kothandekayo futhi awakwazi ukunganakwa. Uma ulalela izifundiswa, lawa amakati amangalisayo, anothando, ahlekisayo endaweni yonke.
Noma kunjalo, la makati anomlingiswa. Yiqiniso, wonke amakati anezinhlamvu, kepha lolu hlobo ngokucacile lungaphezu kwamanye, abathandi bathi. Bayaphuma, bayenhlalo, bayadlala futhi benza sengathi lowo muntu ungowabo, hhayi enye indlela.
Bangabangane abafanele, babukeka njengezinja kulokhu, futhi bangahamba ngokukhululeka. Cha, yibo abahamba ngawe.
Bathanda ukunyakaza, bangakhuphuka ehlombe lakho, noma bagijime ngemuva kwakho bezungeze indlu, noma badlale nawe. Uhlamvu, umsebenzi nezwi elikhulu akulungele wonke umuntu, kepha kulabo abafuna ikati elinothando, elikhulayo elihlala lihamba, futhi elingakwazi ukulimela lapho linganakwa, amakati afanelekile.
Leli ikati elikhulu futhi elijabulisayo, noma kunjalo ungalithengi uma ucabanga ukuthi ikati akufanele lizwakale futhi libonwe. Abazalanisi bathi ukuzama ukukhuluma nawe akuyona nje ukukhamuluka okukhulu, kepha ukuzama impela ukuxhumana.
Futhi yebo, baba abaphuma kalula uma uphendula. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuyisici esivamile kuwo wonke amakati.
Uma ubuyela ekhaya lapho uthole khona imali yokondla ikati, uzokutshela konke okwenzekile emini ngenkathi ungabunaki ubukhosi bakhe. Njengoba zikhuluma kakhulu, ziyazwela kuthoni yakho futhi amanothi anokhahlo ezwini lawo angalicasula kakhulu ikati.
Izwi lakhe elikhulu futhi elihoshozelayo lingabacasula abanye, kodwa kubathandi kuzwakala njengomculo wasezulwini. Ngendlela, amakati wendabuko aseSiamese ayafana ngobumnene, kepha abalimi bathi banomsindo omkhulu futhi bayasebenza.
Njengomthetho, bayahlalisana kahle emndenini, futhi babekezelela izingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu, kanye nalabo abafundiswa ukubaphatha ngokucophelela. Bazodlala nezingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kepha ukuthi bazoziphatha kanjani ngezinja kuya ngesilwane esithile, iningi lazo alizibekezeleli izinja emoyeni. Kepha, uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kwendlu, kepha bangasebenzisa ikati elihamba nabo, ukuze ungazizwa unesizungu futhi ungabi nesithukuthezi.
Ezempilo
Lawa ngamakati aphilile, futhi akuvamile ukuthi ikati liphile iminyaka engafika kwengu-15 noma engama-20. Kodwa-ke, njengezinye izinhlobo, zinokuthambekela kwezifo zofuzo njengenani okufanele likhokhelwe iminyaka yokukhethwa.
Banenkinga ye-amyloidosis - ukwephulwa kwamaprotheni metabolism, ahambisana nokwakheka nokubekwa kwezicubu zephrotheyini ethile ye-protein-polysaccharide - amyloid.
Lesi sifo sibangela ukwakheka kwe-amyloid esibindi, okuholela ekusebenzeni, ukulimala kwesibindi nokufa. Ubende, izindlala ze-adrenal, amanyikwe, kanye nomgudu wamathumbu nakho kungathinteka.
Amakati athintwe yilesi sifo avamise ukukhombisa izimpawu zesifo sesibindi uma eseneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-1 nengu-4 ubudala, futhi izimpawu zifaka phakathi: ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ukoma ngokweqile, ukuhlanza, i-jaundice nokudangala.
Alikho ikhambi elitholakele, kepha linganciphisa ukukhula kwesifo, ikakhulukazi uma sitholwe kusenesikhathi.
Bangaba neDCM. I-Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) yisifo se-myocardial esivezwa ukukhula kwe-dilatation (elula) kwemithambo yenhliziyo, ngokuqala kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-systolic, kepha ngaphandle kokwanda kobukhulu bodonga.
Futhi, alikho ikhambi lalesi sifo, kepha ungasinciphisa. Kutholakala ukuthi kusetshenziswa i-ultrasound ne-electrocardiogram.
Amanye amaSiam athambekele ekwandeni kocwecwe, i-tartar ne-gingivitis. I-Gingivitis ingaholela kwi-periodontitis (isimo sokuvuvukala esithinta izicubu ezizungezile nokusekela amazinyo), okuholela ekukhululeni nasekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo. Ukuhlanzwa kwamazinyo nokuhlolwa kwezilwane minyaka yonke kuyadingeka.
Kutholakale nokuthi amakati alolu hlobo athanda ukuba nomdlavuza webele, ingozi iphindwe kabili ukwedlula ezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singakhula sisencane.
Ngenhlanhla, ukuhambisa ikati lakho ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kunciphisa ubungozi besifo ngo-91%. Ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-86%. Kepha, ngemuva konyaka wesibili wokuphila, ayinciphi nakancane.
I-Strabismus, eyayivame phambilini futhi ivumelekile, isengazibonakalisa. Kepha, izindawo zokugcina izingane sezivele zikonakalisile emigqeni eminingi, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokulwa. Kodwa-ke, izinkinga zamehlo ziyisihlava sezinhlobo zamaphoyinti, futhi kunzima ukuziqeda.
Lokhu okungenhla akusho ukuthi ikati lakho lizogula, ungesabi. Lokhu kusho nje ukuthi ukukhetha inkulisa kumele kusondele ngokucophelela, futhi kuthengwe kuphela kulabo abenza umsebenzi wokuhlonza izilwane ezinenkinga.
Emazweni aseNtshonalanga, kuwumkhuba osabalele lapho abanikazi bekati banikeza isiqinisekiso esibhaliwe ngempilo yekati. Kepha ngeshwa, eqinisweni lethu ngeke uthole lokhu.
