I-ecosystem ukuxhumana kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili, eziqukethe izinto eziphilayo kanye nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Isistimu yemvelo ibhalansi enkulu nokuxhuma okuvumela ukuthi ugcine inani lezinto eziphilayo. Esikhathini sethu, kunemvelo kanye ne-anthropogenic ecosystems. Umehluko phakathi kwabo ukuthi owokuqala wenziwa ngamandla emvelo, kanti owesibili ngosizo lomuntu.
Inani le-agrocenosis
I-Agrocenosis uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo olwenziwe ngezandla zabantu ukuthola izitshalo, izilwane namakhowe. I-Agrocenosis ibizwa nangokuthi i-agroecosystem. Izibonelo ze-agrocenosis yilezi:
- i-apula kanye nezinye izivande;
- amasimu ommbila ne-sunflower;
- amadlelo ezinkomo nezimvu;
- izivini;
- izingadi zemifino.
Umuntu, ngenxa yokwaneliseka kwezidingo zakhe nokwanda kwenani labantu, usanda kuphoqeleka ukuba aguqule futhi abhubhise imvelo yemvelo. Ukuze kulungiswe futhi kwandiswe umthamo wezitshalo zezolimo, abantu bakha ama-agroecosystems. Kulezi zinsuku, u-10% wawo wonke umhlaba otholakalayo uhlala umhlaba wokutshala izitshalo, kanti ama-20% - amadlelo.
Umehluko phakathi kwemvelo kanye ne-agrocenosis
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-agrocenosis nemvelo yemvelo yilena:
- izilimo ezenziwe ngobuciko azikwazi ukuncintisana ekulweni nezinhlobo zasendle zezitshalo nezilwane;
- ama-agroecosystems awavumelaniswanga nokuzilulama, futhi ancike ngokuphelele kumuntu futhi ngaphandle kwakhe asheshe enze buthaka futhi afe;
- inani elikhulu lezitshalo nezilwane zohlobo olufanayo ohlelweni lwe-agroecosystem lufaka isandla ekukhuleni okukhulu kwamagciwane, amabhaktheriya nezinambuzane eziyingozi;
- emvelweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo, ngokungafani namasiko akhuliswe ngabantu.
Iziza zezolimo ezenziwe ngobuciko kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuphelele komuntu. Ububi be-agrocenosis ukwenyuka njalo kwezinambuzane nezikhunta, ezingalimazi isivuno kuphela, kepha futhi kungalimaza imvelo. Usayizi wabantu wesiko ku-agrocenosis uyanda kuphela ngokusebenzisa:
- ukhula nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane;
- ukuchelela izindawo ezingomile;
- ukomisa umhlaba ogcwele amanzi;
- ukushintshwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo;
- Umanyolo onezinto eziphilayo nezamaminerali.
Enqubweni yokwakha i-agroecosystem, umuntu wakhe izigaba zokufakelwa ngokuphelele ekuthuthukiseni i-ecosystem. Ukufunwa kabusha kwenhlabathi kuthandwa kakhulu - izinyathelo eziningi ezibhekiswe ekwenzeni ngcono izimo zemvelo ukuze kutholakale izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lesivuno. Indlela elungile yesayensi, ukulawula izimo zenhlabathi, amazinga omswakama kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali okungakhuphula umkhiqizo we-agrocenosis uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lwemvelo.
Imiphumela emibi ye-agrocenosis
Kubalulekile ukuthi isintu sigcine ukulingana kwemvelo yezolimo nezemvelo. Abantu benza ama-agro-ecosystems ukukhulisa inani lokudla futhi bakusebenzise embonini yokudla. Kodwa-ke, ukwenziwa kwama-agroecosystems okufakelwa kudinga izindawo ezengeziwe, ngakho-ke abantu bavame ukugawula amahlathi, balime umhlaba bese ngaleyo ndlela babhubhise imvelo ekhona yemvelo. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukulingana kwezinhlobo zezilwane zasendle nezitshalo.
Indima yesibili engemihle idlalwa yimithi yokubulala izinambuzane, ejwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane ezindaweni zezolimo. Lawa makhemikhali, ngokusebenzisa amanzi, umoya nezinambuzane, angena emvelweni yemvelo futhi ayingcolise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komanyolo kuzinhlelo zezolimo kudala ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
