Ngabe kuxhumene kanjani ezomnotho nemvelo? Kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa amamodeli akhethekile okuphatha ezomnotho ukubuyisela ukubhujiswa kwemvelo kwakamuva? UDenis Gripas, inhloko yenkampani ehlinzeka ngophahla lwenjoloba olungayilimazi imvelo, uzokhuluma ngalokhu.
Umnotho ojikelezayo lapho kusetshenziswa yonke impahla eluhlaza eyenziwe ngabantu esigabeni esiphindaphindayo kuzosiza ukunciphisa udoti jikelele.
Umphakathi ujwayele ukuphila ngokuvumelana nohlelo lwendabuko: khiqiza - sebenzisa - lahla. Kodwa-ke, iqiniso elizungezile lisho imithetho yalo. Ngokwandayo, abantu baphoqeleka ukuthi baphinde basebenzise into efanayo kaninginingi.
Lo mbono ungaphansi komnotho oyindilinga. Ngokwethiyori, ngamunye wethu angahlela umkhiqizo ongenamfucuza ngokuphelele, esebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ezivuselelekayo kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ungaqala ukukhokhela umonakalo owenziwe emvelweni ngokusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwamaminerali.
Umnotho ojikelezayo uletha izinselelo eziningi emphakathini wanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, kunikeza namathuba okukhula kanye nentuthuko ephelele.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zomnotho ojikelezayo
Ukuziphatha kwabathengi - nansi indlela ongabhala ngayo indlela yokuphila ejwayelekile kubahlali bamadolobha amakhulu. Ngokuya ngemithetho yomnotho oyindilinga, kuyadingeka ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezinsizakusebenza ezintsha. Ngalokhu, kuye kwakhiwa amamodeli wokuziphatha amaningi endaweni yebhizinisi.
Zizosiza ukuguqula iphethini ejwayelekile yokuhamba kwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe nemikhiqizo emkhakheni wezomnotho, kunciphise zonke izindleko zibe zincane.
Impikiswano enkulu yomnotho ovaliwe akukhona ukuthuthukisa zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko ezikhona. Umqondo omkhulu ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo emisha yemvelo, wenze lokho osekutholakele.
Emnothweni oyindilinga, izindawo ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zentuthuko zihlukaniswa ngokwesiko:
- Ukulethwa komjikelezo. Kulokhu, imithombo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ithathelwa indawo ngezinto ezivuselelekayo noma eziphinda zivuseleleke.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesibili. Yonke imfucuza etholwe ngenkathi kwenziwa umsebenzi isetshenziswa kabusha ukuze isetshenziswe ngokulandelayo.
- Ukwelulwa kwempilo yesevisi. Ukunyuka kwemikhiqizo emnothweni kuhamba kancane, ngakho-ke inani lemfucuza etholakele lincishiswe kakhulu.
- Ukwabelana ngomgomo. Lokhu kuyinketho lapho umkhiqizo owodwa owenziwe usetshenziswa ngabathengi abaningana ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga lokufunwa kwemikhiqizo emisha.
- Ukuqondiswa kwensiza. Okugcizelelwa lapha ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo, hhayi ukuthengisa. Le ndlela ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ephilayo.
Amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzise izinhlobo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, okufakazela ukuthi izindawo ezichazwe azinalo uhlaka oluhleliwe oluqinile.
Ukukhiqiza kungahle kukhiqize nemikhiqizo ezoqhubeka nokulahlwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkampani izophinde inikeze ngezinsizakalo endaweni evikela imvelo.
Ayikho imodeli yebhizinisi engaba yodwa komunye nomunye. Amabhizinisi axhumeka ngokusebenzisa izinkomba ezifanayo ezikhethiwe zokuthuthuka.
Le ndlela yokuziphatha ebhizinisini yaziwa amakhulu amaningi eminyaka, emphakathini wanamuhla kungabonakala esibonelweni sokuqashisa, sokuqasha noma sokuqasha.
Sivame ukubona ukuthi kunenzuzo enkulu kangakanani ukuthi abantu bathenge into esivele isetshenzisiwe, efakazelwe, esikhundleni sokuthenga entsha. Lo mgomo ulandelwa kahle kunoma yiziphi izindlela zokuhamba, ukusuka ebhayisikili kuya emotweni. Kwesinye isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu aqhubeke nokuhambahamba kunokuba ngumnikazi wophiko lwakhe lwezokuthutha, okuzodingeka lisebenzise imali eyengeziwe.
Yimaphi amathuba ahlinzekwa ngumnotho ojikelezayo?
Inqubo yokukhiqiza evaliwe inciphisa kakhulu imiphumela yomthelela owonakalisayo emvelweni.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezenziwe kabusha ezisetshenzisiwe esikhundleni semithombo yemvelo engavuseleleki zinganciphisa izinga lamagesi abamba ukushisa ngokufika kuma-90%. Uma kungenzeka ukusungula indlela ejikelezayo yokukhiqiza, inani lemfucuza elenziwe lizokwehla liye kuma-80%.
Umgomo wokwabelana, lapho ukufinyelela emikhiqizweni kubaluleke ukwedlula ukuphatha impahla, kuvula amathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa kanye nokulahlwa. Lo mkhuba unikeza abakhiqizi ithuba lokukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme engasetshenziswa kabusha kalula.
Abathengi bazobona ushintsho ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile. Bazoqala ukukhetha ngamabomu izikhathi lapho kuzoba lula kakhulu ukusebenzisa into ekhethiwe.
Isibonelo, abantu basemadolobheni abashayela imoto eyabiwe bayisebenzisa kaningi kakhulu kunemoto yabo. Ngale ndlela banciphisa izindleko zabo ngophethiloli nezinsizakalo zokupaka. Futhi idolobha lilahla izimoto ezingenasidingo emigwaqweni yalo.
Kodwa-ke, ngazo zonke izinzuzo ezisobala zomnotho ojikelezayo, futhi inezinkinga:
- Ngokwanda kwenani lezinto eziphilayo, umthwalo ophelele ku-ecosystem yomhlaba uyakhula. Le nqubo ingathinta kabi izinga lokwehlukahlukana kwezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukulawulwa okungafanele kokuvuselelwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kungabuye kukhulise ubungozi bokuzwela ngokweqile ezintweni ezinobuthi ezikhona ezintweni eziluhlaza.
- Kwesinye isikhathi umthetho wokwabelana uholela abantu ukuthi bashiye ngamabomu isimilo sokuluhlaza. Isibonelo, ezokuthutha zomphakathi zilahlekelwa kakhulu ngamathuba emoto yangasese (umthelela wamabhasi emvelweni). Ngasikhathi sinye, wonke umshayeli uyazi ngobungozi obudalwe emkhathini ngophethiloli nophethiloli wegesi.
- Ukwabelana kwehluleka ezimweni ezehlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu basebenzisa imali ebekiwe ngenxa yale ndlela ukuqala ukuthenga imikhiqizo emisha, bandise umthwalo emvelweni.
Izindawo zokusebenzisa umnotho ojikelezayo
Manje umnotho ovaliwe awusetshenziswanga ngenkuthalo emakethe yomhlaba. Kepha kukhona izingcwecwe zomnotho eziwumngcingo lapho ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza okwesibili kuyadingeka.
Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi noma injoloba kudala kuncike ezintweni ezingaphinde zisebenze.
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje kuvumela imigomo ethile yomnotho ojikelezayo ukuthi idlule ngisho nasemakethe nakwabancintisana nabo. Ngakho-ke, inani lezimoto ezisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela landa cishe ngama-60% minyaka yonke.
Izindawo eziningi emkhakheni wezomnotho ojikelezayo kungathiwa zihlolwe amandla ngesikhathi uqobo. Izinsimbi ezifanayo zezimboni bezilokhu zikhiqiza ekukhiqizeni okungu-15 kuya ku-35% wezinto zokusetshenziswa zesibili amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
Futhi imboni esekwe enjoloba yandisa umkhiqizo kusuka kokuphindiwe kabusha ngama-20% minyaka yonke.
Kungenzeka kwandiswe inani eliphelele lezinkomba zentuthuko eziqinisekisile emakethe yezomnotho, kepha lokhu kuzodinga izixazululo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingeni likahulumeni.
Isazi uDenis Gripas uyinhloko yenkampani i-Alegria.
