Umqondo wemvelo njengesayensi uqhamuke e-United States, ngoba kwakukuleli lizwe lapho abantu baqala khona ukubona imiphumela yesimo somthengi kumvelo. Ekhulwini lama-20, ezinye izindawo ezinezimboni bezisengcupheni yenhlekelele yezemvelo ngenxa yale misebenzi elandelayo:
- izimayini;
- ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto;
- ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu yezimboni;
- ukushiswa kwemithombo yamandla;
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, njll.
Zonke lezi zenzo azithathwa njengezilimazayo okwamanje. Kamuva, wonke umuntu wabona ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha kuthinta kabi impilo yabantu nezilwane, futhi kungcolisa imvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ochwepheshe abazimele, kanye nososayensi, bakhombisile ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, umoya nenhlabathi kulimaza zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kusukela lapho, i-US yamukele uhlelo lomnotho oluhlaza.
Imboni
Imboni yezwe inomthelela omubi ikakhulukazi ngokombono wezemvelo. Ngenxa yobungcweti nokuncintisana kwayo, i-United States isendaweni ephambili ezindaweni ezinjengezimoto, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi kanye nobunjiniyela bemishini, ezemithi kanye nezolimo, kanye nokudla, amakhemikhali, izimayini, ezobuchwepheshe nezinye izimboni. Konke lokhu kunomthelela omubi ngokweqile emvelweni futhi kudala umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu.
Inkinga enkulu yamabhizinisi ezimboni ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinobuthi eziyingozi emkhathini. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imigomo ephezulu evunyelwe idlulwa kaningana, ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali kunamandla futhi noma inani elincane lazo lingadala ukulimala okukhulu. Ukuhlanza nokuhlunga kubi kakhulu (lokhu kusiza ukonga imali yebhizinisi). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto ezifana ne-chromium, zinc, lead, njll zingena emoyeni.
Inkinga yokungcola komoya
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zaseMelika ukungcoliswa komoya, okuvame kakhulu kuwo wonke amadolobha amakhulu ezwe. Njengakwezinye izindawo, imithombo yokungcola yizimoto nezimboni. Iziphathimandla zombuso eziholayo zithi le nkinga yezemvelo idinga ukuxazululwa ngosizo lwesayensi, okuwukuthi, ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha obungayilimazi imvelo. Kunezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezenziwayo ukunciphisa inani lokukhipha nokukhishwa.
Ochwepheshe bathi ukuze kwenziwe ngcono isimo semvelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuguqulwe isisekelo somnotho, esikhundleni samalahle, uwoyela negesi, ukuthola eminye imithombo yamandla, ikakhulukazi evuselelekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, nsuku zonke amadolobhakazi amakhulu "akhula" ngokuya ngokuya ngokwanda futhi abantu bahlala njalo ngentuthu eyenziwe ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwezimoto nomsebenzi wamabhizinisi. Esigqi sokubhuduzela sempilo yasemadolobheni, umuntu akanaki ukuthi yikuphi ukulimala okungenakulungiswa okwenziwe emvelweni. Kepha, ngeshwa, esikhathini sethu banikela ngokuthuthuka kwezomnotho, becindezela izinkinga zemvelo ngemuva.
Ukungcola kwe-Hydrosphere
Amafektri angumthombo oyinhloko wokungcola kwamanzi e-United States. Amabhizinisi athela amanzi angcolile anobuthi emachibini nasemifuleni yezwe. Ngenxa yalomthelela, izilwane zezilwane azihlali kumakhilomitha ambalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokungena kwama-emulsions ahlukahlukene, izixazululo ze-acidic namanye amakhompiyutha anobuthi emanzini. Awukwazi nokubhukuda emanzini anjalo, ingasaphathwa eyokuwasebenzisa.
Inkinga kadoti oqinile kamasipala
Enye inkinga ebalulekile yezemvelo e-United States inkinga kadoti oqinile kamasipala (MSW). Okwamanje, izwe likhiqiza udoti omkhulu. Ukwehlisa amavolumu abo, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphinda zisetshenziswe kwenziwa eMelika. Ngalokhu, kusetshenziswa uhlelo oluhlukile lokuqoqa imfucuza nezindawo zokuqoqa izinto ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi iphepha nengilazi. Kukhona nezimboni ezicubungula izinsimbi, futhi zingasetshenziswa futhi ngokuzayo.
Izinto zasendlini eziphukile nezisebenzayo, okuthi ngasizathu simbe zigcine sezigcwele phansi, zinomthelela omubi emvelweni (izinto ezinjalo zingafaka iTV, ihhavini le-microwave, umshini wokuwasha nezinye izinto ezincane). Ekugcwalisweni komhlaba, ungathola nenqwaba yemfucumfucu yokudla, imfucuza yokwakha nezinto ezigugile (ezingadingekile) ezisetshenziswa emikhakheni yesevisi nezohwebo.
Ukungcola kweplanethi ngodoti nokuwohloka kwemvelo akuxhomekile kuphela kumabhizinisi ezimboni, kodwa nakumuntu ngamunye ikakhulukazi. Isikhwama ngasinye sepulasitiki esisha esigcwele udoti senza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kunezinkinga eziningana zemvelo e-United States of America, futhi sizihlanganisile ezinkulu. Ukwenza ngcono isimo semvelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulisele umnotho kwelinye izinga futhi usebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusha obunganciphisa ukukhishwa nokungcola kwe-biosphere.
