IVolga ingumfula omkhulu kunayo yonke eRussia naseYurophu, okuthi, kanye nemifudlana yayo, wakhe uhlelo lomfula weVolga basin. Ubude bomfula bungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5. Ochwepheshe bahlola isimo sechibi nokungena kwalo njengesingcolile kakhulu futhi singcolile ngokweqile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi cishe i-45% yezimboni kanye ne-50% yezindawo zezolimo eRussia zitholakala eVolga basin, kanti amadolobha angama-65 kwangu-100 angcolile kakhulu ezweni atholakala emabhange. Ngenxa yalokho, inani elikhulu lamanzi angcolile ezimboni nawezasekhaya lingena eVolga, futhi ichibi lingaphansi komthwalo ophakeme ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu bekungeke kuthinte imvelo yomfula.
Izinkinga zamachibi
Isitsha seVolga sigcwaliswa ngomhlabathi, iqhwa namanzi emvula. Lapho amadamu akhiwa emfuleni, amadamu kanye nezitshalo zamandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, iphethini yokugeleza komfula iyashintsha. Futhi, ukuzicwenga kwesiziba kwehle izikhathi eziyi-10, umbuso oshisayo washintsha, ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi seqhwa ezindaweni eziphezulu zomfula sakhuphuka, futhi ezindaweni eziphansi sancipha. Ukwakheka kwamanzi ngamakhemikhali nakho sekuguqukile, ngoba kwavela amaminerali amaningi eVolga, amaningi awo ayingozi futhi enobuthi, futhi abhubhisa izitshalo nezilwane zomfula. Uma ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili amanzi omfula ayekulungele ukuphuza, manje awaphuzi, ngoba indawo yamanzi isesimweni esingahlanzekile.
Inkinga yokukhula kwe-algae
EVolga, inani le-algae liyanda minyaka yonke. Zikhula ngasogwini. Ingozi yokukhula kwabo ilele ekutheni bakhipha izinto eziphilayo ezinobungozi, ezinye zazo ezinobuthi. Eziningi zazo azaziwa yisayensi yanamuhla, ngakho-ke kunzima ukubikezela imiphumela yethonya le-algae ohlelweni lwemvelo lomfula. Izitshalo ezifile ziwela phansi emanzini, ngenxa yokubola kwazo emanzini, inani le-nitrogen ne-phosphorus liyanda, okuholela ekungcolisweni okwesibili kohlelo lomfula.
Ukungcoliswa kukawoyela
Inkinga enkulu yeVolga nokungena kwayo ukugeleza kwesiphepho, ukuchitheka kukawoyela nowoyela. Isibonelo, ngo-2008 esifundeni sase-Astrakhan. kuqhamuke uwoyela omkhulu emfuleni. Ngo-2009, kwenzeka ingozi yamathangi, futhi cishe amanzi ayi-2 kawoyela kaphethiloli angena emanzini. Ukulimala kwendawo yamanzi kubalulekile.
Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezinkinga zemvelo zeVolga. Umphumela wokungcola okuhlukahlukene akukhona nje ukuthi amanzi akakulungele ukuphuzwa, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo nezilwane ziyafa, izinhlanzi ziyashintsha, ukugeleza komfula kanye nokushintsha kombuso wawo, futhi ngokuzayo yonke indawo yamanzi ingafa.
