Amakhowe we-Boletus ahlukaniswa ngesigqoko esincane kakhulu. Ungase ucabange ukuthi lokhu kuthungatha akulungele ukuphekwa, kepha empeleni kudliwa njalo. Abantu abaphaka leli khowe elidliwayo etafuleni kumele basuse ingaphezulu lekhanda. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezizathu ezimbili: ukuthungwa kongqimba lwamafinyila akugcini nje ngokungathandeki, kodwa futhi kuqukethe nobuthi obudala ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu.
Incazelo
Igama lesayensi le-boletus - uSuillus livela ebizweni lesiLatini elithi sus, elisho ingulube. Ngakho-ke, iSuillus isho ukuthi "ingulube" futhi ibhekisa kusigaxa esinamafutha, esivame ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene ze-boletus.
Amakhowe we-Boletus ahlukaniswa namanye amakhowe ngu:
- izigqoko ezincane;
- pores radially noma ngokungahleliwe;
- ukutholakala kwesembozo esinqunyiwe phakathi kwekepisi nomlenze;
- ama-glandular specks;
- indawo yokuhlala phakathi kwezimila ze-coniferous.
Ngeshwa, izinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe we-boletus zinezici ezimbalwa zalezi zici.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esinye sezici ezisobala kakhulu zikawoyela yisigqoko esisheshayo. Vele, indawo ingahle inganamatheli kakhulu esimweni sezulu esomile, kepha izimpawu zesendlalelo semifinyela ziyabonakala ngoba imfucumfucu inamathela esigqokweni. Kumasampuli omisiwe, ukumbozwa kwekhanda nakho kuhlala kucwebezela.
Ngaphezu kokuthungwa okuncane, i-cap ayiyona into evelele kakhulu yale fungus, efinyelela ku-5-12 cm ububanzi. Iyindilinga futhi iyindunduma, kepha ishelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inombala onsundu kakhulu, yize isukela kokunsundu ngokumnyama kuye kobomvu ngokubomvu nansundu ophuzi.
Ubuso bama-pores amancane kakhulu bumhlophe ngokukhanyayo okuphuzi ngombala. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamafutha, ama-pores atholakala ngokungahleliwe, kwezinye ngokukhululekile. Ngokukhula, ama-pores aba mnyama bese eba phuzi ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi. Izinhlamvu ezakha ama-pores zinsundu. Kwisikhunta esincane, indawo ebunjiwe ihlanganiswe kancane ngeveli. Le ngubo imhlophe kakhulu futhi ama-rip ayivula indawo yokubola lapho izinhlamvu zesikhunta. Kumakhowe avuthiwe, izinsalela zesembozo esinqunyiwe zingabonakala njengendandatho ezungeze isiqu futhi izingcezu ezincane zezicubu zihlala emaphethelweni e-cap.
Amakhowe ama-Butter anama-squat, amakhowe aphakathi nendawo anesiqu esiqinile se-cylindrical 3-8 cm ubude, 1 kuya ku-2.5 cm ububanzi. njengoba isikhunta sikhula). Ekuqaleni imhlophe, bese kancane kancane ithatha umbala onsomi, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi. Ngaphezulu kwendandatho, umlenze omhlophe uyaphela ukufanisa ikepisi eliseduze ngenhla.
Le ngxenye yesiqu iphinde ihlotshiswe ngamaqoqo amaningi amaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-glandular punctures. Lawa machashazi ayindlala aba mnyama ngobudala futhi avele kwabanye abakwa-peduncle ebudaleni. Amachashazi endlala avela njengomphumela wokuvuvukala kwamangqamuzana futhi afana namaqhubu amancane.
Izinhlobo zebhotela
Isitsha sebhotela lomsedari
Ikhephu lamakhowe lifika kumasentimitha ayi-10 kusikwele. Kuma-specimens amancane, i-hemispherical; ngobudala, iba yi-arched. Faka umbala kusuka ophuzi omnyama uye kokukhanyayo noma onsundu ngokumnyama, owomile noma owamehlo. Isiqu siyi-cylindrical noma sivuvuka kancane ezansi. Kwesinye isikhathi umthunzi ofanayo nowesigqoko, kepha uvame ukuba mncane, umbozwe ama-bulges ansundu.
I-pulp iphuzi noma iphuzi, ayishintshi umbala lapho ixhumana nomoya. Isinaphi esingcolile sibomvu tubules. Ama-pores mancane, ayindilinga, anombala wesinaphi. Iphunga alihlukile. Ukunambitheka akuthathi hlangothi. Izinhlamvu 9-11.5 × 4-5 µm.
I-oiler oiler ihlala emahlathini e-coniferous, ngaphansi kwezihlahla emapaki nasezivandeni, futhi yakha i-mycorrhiza ngophayini.
Oiler grey
Ngaphandle, ikhowe aligqameki, kepha ukunambitheka kuyathandeka kuma-receptors wezokudla, kunephunga lesikhowe lapho kuphekwa noma kukhiwa.
I-oiler empunga ihlotshiswe ngekepisi ngendlela yomcamelo onesifo sofuba, ububanzi bayo bungu-5-12 cm.Ifilimu ebushelelezi manzi futhi iyanamathela ku-palpation, kunzima ukusala ngemuva. Isici esihlukile yisikali esinsundu ebusweni baso. Lapho umgubuzelo uqhekeka, ushiya izinhlayiya ezinamaphiko ezihlanganisa ungqimba lwe-tubular.
I-grey ephaphathekile kuya kumakhasi ansundu, omnqumo noma ansomi. Inyama emhlophe futhi evulekile ngaphansi kwe-cap film yamakhowe amadala iba mhlophe noma ibe nsundu. Iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho ivezwa obala.
Phansi kwekepisi kuqukethe amashubhu abanzi ehla ngesiqu. Amashubhu a-angular ngokungajwayelekile. Umbala ompunga ngombala onsundu, omhlophe noma ophuzi.
Izinhlamvu ezi-Gray boletus ziyazala. Zakhiwa nge-spore powder.
Umlenze ophakeme we-oiler ompunga ufana nesilinda esiqondile noma esigobile u-1-4 cm ubukhulu, 5-10 cm ubude.Ukuthungwa kwenyama kuminyene, umthunzi uphuzi ophuzi. Iveyili ishiya unqenqema olumhlophe kuyo, enyamalala njengoba isikhunta siguga. I-oiler empunga iqoqwa emahlathini amancane noma emahlathini ephayini. Isikhunta sikhula emindenini noma sodwa.
Isitsha sebhotela esiphuzi (umashi)
Ixhaphozi noma isitsha sebhotela esiphuzi singesinye sezithunywa ezimnandi kakhulu embusweni wamakhowe. Akayena owamakhowe “ahloniphekile”, kodwa abacoshe amakhowe abanolwazi bayalazi inani lakhe futhi bayaziqhayisa lapho bethola i-mycelium.
Ikepisi le-marsh oiler lincane futhi alisindi, kumakhowe amancane kusuka ku-4 cm, ezindala kuze kufike ku-8 cm, embozwe ifilimu enamafutha.
Izigaba zokukhula komzimba zithinta ukwakheka kwekepisi. I-Hemispherical kuma-specimens amancane, iyabhabha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bese isondela kancane emlenzeni, kuvela i-tubercle encane phezulu. Umbala wekepisi uhlakaniphile, uphuzi. Kwezinye izibonelo, umbala ophuzi uhlanjululwe ngamathoni aluhlaza we-beige, grey noma aphuzi.
Ama-pores amancane amancane wesendlalelo se-cap afeleba, kalamula onombala, ophuzi, noma ocher. Inyama ephuzi yekhowe ayikhiphi iphunga elivelisiwe nejusi elinobisi.
Umlenze oqinile we-cylindrical u-0.3-0.5 cm ubukhulu, u-6-7 cm ubude, ugobile kancane. Ngemuva kokuthi ikepisi likhishwe esiqwini ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuvela iringi eliphuzi elimhlophe noma eliphuzi elinjenge-jelly esiqwini. Umlenze uphuzi, uphuzi nsundu ngaphansi kwendandatho. Ukuma kwezinhlamvu kuyinto elliptical, i-spore powder i-yellow-yellow.
Oiler omhlophe
Amakhowe ayivelakancane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunikela ngokuqoqwa kwesisindo kwabanye abameleli bomndeni we-boletus. Izimo ziwohloka ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi abanaso nje isikhathi sokupheka.
Ikepusi lekhowe lifinyelela ku-8-10 cm ububanzi.Kuma-specimens amancane, ikepisi li-convex-spherical, umbala awumhlophe mhlophe, futhi uphenduka uphuzi emaphethelweni. Kuma-mushroom avuthiwe, ukuqubuka kwekepisi kuyanyamalala njengoba kukhula. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa ngokweqile, ikepisi liphenduka liphuzi futhi ligobe ngaphakathi.
Ikepisi elibushelelezi limbozwa ngamafinyila emva kwemvula. Kucwebezela lapho somile. Isikhumba esincanyana siyaxebuka ngaphandle kwamandla. Ikepisi elimhlophe noma eliphuzi linenyama ethambile, eminyene futhi enamanzi amaningi. Blush njengoba zikhula. Isendlalelo se-tubular simelwe amashubhu ukujula okungu-4-7 mm. Amakhowe amancane anamashubhu akhanyayo aphuzi. Lapho sebekhulile, baba luhlaza okotshani. Yiba nomnqumo ovuthiwe okweqile. Umbala wama-pores amancane ayindilinga futhi amashubhu awahlukile. Ubuso bengqimba le-tubular bukhipha uketshezi olubomvu.
Isiqu esiqinile, esigobile noma esiyindilinga, ngaphandle kwendandatho, ukuphakama okungu-5-9 cm. Uma sekuvuthiwe, kuvela amabala abomvu nsundu esiqwini.
Isitsha sebhotela sekwephuzile (sangempela)
Yikhowe elidumile, elomisiwe, eligaywe laba impuphu futhi lisetshenziselwa umhluzi wamakhowe. I-Wide convex cap 5-15 cm, ivuleka njengoba ikhula futhi iba thopha. Ifilimu enamathelayo kusuka koku nsundu ngokukhanyayo kuya kokushokholethi onsundu okujulile.
Leli yikhowe, lapho, esikhundleni sezinhlayiya, izimbotshana ziphuzi kakhilimu, zibukeka ziyinyama, njengoba isikhunta siguga, ama-pores athola umbala ophuzi wegolide. Ngaphansi kwekepisi, iveli emhlophe imboza ama-pores amancane, lapho ikhowe likhula libe likhulu, iveli liyaphuka lihlale esiqwini endandeni. Umlenze u-cylindrical, umhlophe, u-4 kuye ku-8 cm ukuphakama, u-1 kuye ku-3 cm ububanzi futhi ubushelelezi ukuthinta.
Isitsha sebhotela se-Larch
Isikhunta se-mycelium se-oiler esinqumayo nezimpande zezihlahla zishintshanisa izakhamzimba ukuze kuzuze zombili izinto eziphilayo.
Isigqoko sinombala ophuzi ophaphathekile, ophuzi okwe-chrome ophuzi noma ophuzi ngokugqamile, oswakeme ngemva kwemvula futhi ukhanya ngisho nasesimo sezulu esomile. Ububanzi obungu-4 kuye ku-12 cm ebudaleni futhi buya buba caba, kwesinye isikhathi buyindilinga noma ngesifunda esiphakathi esikhulisiwe. Amakepisi ezinhlamvukazi ezinkulu ngandlela thile ajikeleza emaphethelweni.
Izimbobo ze-Lemon yellow angular zithola umbala wesinamoni njengoba umzimba othelayo ukhula. Lapho zilinyaziwe, izimbotshana ziba nsundu ngokugqwala. Amashubhu anombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo futhi awushintshi umbala uma esikiwe. Isiqu sinobubanzi obungu-1.2 kuya ku-2 cm nobude obungu-5 kuye ku-7 cm. Indwangu emhlophe emhlophe imboza amashubhu emizimba engavuthiwe, yakhe indandatho yesiphunzi. Lapho indandatho iwa, indawo ephaphathekile ihlala esiqwini.
Iningi lesiqu limbozwe ngezikali ezinamachashazi ansundu, kepha ngaphezu kwendawo eyindilinga, isiqu asicacanga futhi asilingani.
Isitsha sebhotela esiyimbudumbudu
Isikhunta se-Mycorrhizal esinamaphayini, sikhula sodwa noma ngamaqembu; kwandile.
Isigqoko singu-5-15 cm, si-arched, siba yi-arc ebanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubushelelezi, ukunamathela noma ukuthungwa okuncane kuze kufike lapho uthinta. Izinguquko zombala kusuka kokumnyama okuphuzi, ophuzi noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo kuya konsundu emnyama noma onsundu ngokusawolintshi. Ngokukhula, umbala uyafiphala, ube yi-patchwork enezithunzi ezahlukahlukene. Iveyili iyanyamalala. Ubuso be-pore buba mhlophe ekuqaleni, bese buba phuzi, imvamisa ngamaconsi oketshezi olunamafu kumakhowe amancane. Ama-tubules acishe abe yi-1 cm. Ama-pores acishe abe yi-1 mm kuma-specimens avuthiwe.
Isiqu esingenandandatho, esimhlophe, esinombala ophuzi okhanyayo eduze kwesiqongo noma isiqu sonke, ubude obungu-4-8 cm, ubukhulu obungu-1-2 cm, obulinganayo noma obunesisindo esine-tapered. Ingxenye engenhla inamachashaza amadlala amancane, ansundu noma ansundu. Inyama imhlophe ekuqaleni, kumakhowe amadala inombala ophuzi ngokukhanyayo, ayibi nebala lapho ivezwa. Iphunga nokunambitheka akuthathi hlangothi.
Amakhowe abukeka njenge-boletus (amanga)
Amakhowe afana ne-boletus ayadliwa ngombandela. Banambitha okumunyu futhi bacasule umgudu wamathumbu, kepha abaholeli emiphumeleni ebulalayo ngemuva kokusetshenziswa. I-boletus yamanga akuvamile ukuthi ihlangane nabavuni bamakhowe futhi ibe nomehluko ongabalulekile wangaphandle kumakhowe wangempela adliwayo.Okuphindwe kabili:
Uwoyela we-pepper ungakwenza
I-butterdish yaseSiberia
Imbuzi
Uma ubheka amakhowe, kubonakala sengathi akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-boletus yamanga neyidliwayo, kepha uma ubheka kahle, lokhu akunjalo. Amakhowe adliwayo anemibandela enombala onsomi kanye nefilimu empunga. Oiler wangempela unefilimu emhlophe. Indawo yokulimala kwamakhowe angadleki iba phuzi.
Amawele ahlanzwa kahle futhi acutshungulwe ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu okungenani kabili, kuphela ngemuva kwalokho adliwe. Kodwa-ke, ubushukela baseSiberia buqhubeka nobumuncu bayo kungakhathalekile inani lemijikelezo yokupheka.
Isikhathi sokuqoqa
Isimo sezulu seNyakatho Nenkabazwe sivumela izimvemvane ukuba zikhule cishe yonke indawo phakathi nesikhathi sasehlobo nasekwindla. Isikhathi sokuvuna siza ngemuva kwemvula enhle. Isikhathi sokukhula se-boletus side kakhulu. Amakhowe amasha avela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Isikhathi esiqondile sokuvuthwa sincike esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu sendawo.
Izici ezizuzisayo
- i-resin equkethwe uwoyela isusa i-uric acid, iqeda ikhanda elibuhlungu nobuhlungu bamalunga, futhi ithambisa isimiso sezinzwa;
- amakhowe - umthombo we-lecithin ebalulekile;
- Ukudla kukawoyela kusiza ekucindezelekeni nasekukhathaleni;
- isikhumba samakhowe siqukethe ama-antibiotic emvelo akhulisa ukuphendula komzimba.
Izimo
Akunandaba ukuthi amakhowe alusizo kangakanani, kukhona njalo ukuphikisana. Ama-oilers aqukethe i-fiber efakwe i-chitin, ephazamisa ukugaya uma kwenzeka kuba nokuphazamiseka kwendlela yokugaya ukudla.
Izimo:
- ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye;
- ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ibele;
- izifo ezinzima zamathumbu;
- izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala.
Onke amakhowe aqoqa amakhemikhali ayingozi uma ekhula eduze kwesitshalo sezimboni noma indawo yasemakhaya ephethwe ngamakhemikhali okubulala ukhula. Into ekhipha imisebe ye-cesium nayo iyatholakala emzimbeni wamakhowe. Amakhowe aqoqiwe afakwa kaningana ngaphambi kokupheka okushisayo, abiliswe okungenani kabili ngokushintsha kwamanzi.
