Ulwandle olukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni yiPacific Ocean. Iqukethe iphuzu elijule kakhulu emhlabeni - iMariana Trench. Ulwandle lukhulu kangangokuba ludlula wonke umhlaba, futhi luthatha cishe uhhafu wolwandle lomhlaba. Abaphenyi bakholelwa ukuthi ichibi lolwandle laqala ukwakheka ngesikhathi seMesozoic, lapho izwekazi lahlakazeka laba amazwekazi. Ngesikhathi seJurassic, kwakheka amapuleti amane amakhulu ama-oceanic tectonic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eCretaceous, ugu lwasePacific lwaqala ukwakheka, kwavela izinhlaka zamazwe aseMelika, i-Australia yahlukana ne-Antarctica. Okwamanje, ukuhamba kwamapuleti kusaqhubeka, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba nama-tsunami aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Kunzima ukucabanga, kepha indawo ephelele yoLwandlekazi iPacific ingamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-178.684. Ukunemba kakhudlwana, amanzi asuka enyakatho aye eningizimu ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15.8, ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga - ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-19.5. Ngaphambi kocwaningo oluningiliziwe, ulwandle lwalubizwa ngokuthi yiGreat noma iPacific.
Izici zePacific Ocean
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iPacific Ocean iyingxenye yoLwandlekazi Lomhlaba futhi isendaweni ehamba phambili ngokwendawo, njengoba yakha u-49.5% wawo wonke amanzi. Njengomphumela wocwaningo, kwavezwa ukuthi ukujula okuphezulu kungu-11.023 km. Iphuzu elijule kakhulu libizwa nge- "Challenger Abyss" (ngokuhlonipha umkhumbi wocwaningo owaqopha kuqala ukujula kolwandle).
Izinkulungwane zeziqhingi ezahlukahlukene zisakazeke ngaphesheya koLwandlekazi iPacific. Kusemanzini oLwandle Olukhulu lapho iziqhingi ezinkulu zitholakala khona, kufaka phakathi iNew Guinea neKalimantan, kanye neGreat Sunda Islands.
Umlando wokuthuthuka nokutadisha iPacific Ocean
Abantu baqala ukuhlola i-Pacific Ocean ezikhathini zasendulo, ngoba imizila ebaluleke kakhulu yezokuthutha yayidlula kuyo. Izizwe zama-Inca nama-Aleuts, amaMalay namaPolynesia, amaJapane, kanye nabanye abantu nezizwe basebenzise ngenkuthalo izinsiza zemvelo zolwandle. AbaseYurophu bokuqala ukuhlola ulwandle kwakunguVasco Nunez noF. Magellan. Amalungu ohambweni lwawo enza uhlaka lwasogwini lweziqhingi, inhlonhlo, aqopha imininingwane ngemimoya nemisinga, izinguquko zezulu. Futhi, eminye imininingwane yalotshwa ngezitshalo nezilwane, kepha ihlukane kakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo, izazi zemvelo zaqoqa abamele izitshalo nezilwane ngamaqoqo, ukuze bazifunde kamuva.
Umtholi womnqobi uNunez de Balboa waqala ukutadisha amanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific ngo-1513. Wakwazi ukuthola indawo engakaze ibonwe ngenxa yohambo lokuwela i-Isthmus yasePanama. Njengoba lolu hambo lufinyelele olwandle ethekwini eliseningizimu, uBalboa wanikeza igama lolwandle "iSouth Sea". Ngemuva kwakhe, uMagellan wangena olwandle oluvulekile. Futhi ngoba uphumelele konke ukuhlolwa ezinyangeni ezintathu nezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili (ezimeni zezulu ezinhle kakhulu), umhambi waqamba igama lolwandle "iPacific".
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, okungukuthi, ngo-1753, isazi sokuma komhlaba esasibizwa ngokuthi uBuach saphakamisa ukubiza ulwandle ngokuthi yi-Great, kodwa sekuyisikhathi eside wonke umuntu elithanda igama elithi "Pacific Ocean" futhi lesi siphakamiso asizange samukelwe emhlabeni wonke. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, ulwandle lwalubizwa nge- "Pacific Sea", "i-Eastern Ocean", njll.
Uhambo lwaseKrusenstern, u-O. Kotzebue, u-E.Lenz nabanye abashayeli bezindiza bahlola ulwandle, baqoqa imininingwane ehlukahlukene, balinganisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi futhi bafunda izakhiwo zawo, benza ucwaningo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye nasekhulwini lamashumi amabili, ucwaningo lolwandle lwaqala ukuthola umlingiswa oyinkimbinkimbi. Kwahlelwa iziteshi ezikhethekile ezisogwini futhi kwenziwa nemikhankaso yolwandle, inhloso yayo kwakuwukuqoqa imininingwane ngezici ezahlukahlukene zolwandle:
- ngokomzimba;
- ukwakheka komhlaba;
- amakhemikhali;
- eziphilayo.
I-Expedition Challenger
Ucwaningo olunzulu lwamanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific lwaqala ngesikhathi sokuhlola ngomkhankaso wamaNgisi (ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili) emkhunjini odumile i-Challenger. Ngalesi sikhathi, ososayensi bafunde ngesimo sendawo esingezansi nezici zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Lokhu kwakudingeka kakhulu ukwenza ukufakwa kwekhebula langaphansi kwamanzi. Njengomphumela wohambo oluningi, ukukhuphuka kanye nokudangala, imiphetho eyingqayizivele yamanzi, imigodi nemikhombe, amasele aphansi nezinye izici. Ukutholakala kwedatha kusize ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zamamephu abonisa isimo sendawo esingezansi.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ngosizo lwe-seismograph, bakwazi ukubona indandatho yokuzamazama komhlaba yasePacific.
Inkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ekutadisheni kolwandle ukutadisha kohlelo lomkhombe. Inani lezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingaphansi kwamanzi likhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi ngisho nenani elilinganiselwe alinakusungulwa. Yize iqiniso lokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kolwandle bekulokhu kwenzeka kusukela endulo, abantu sebenqwabelene ulwazi oluningi ngale ndawo enamanzi, kepha kusenokuningi okungahloliwe ngaphansi kwamanzi oLwandlekazi iPacific, ngakho-ke ucwaningo luyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.
