Amathumbu omhlaba abizwa ngokuthi ungqimba loMhlaba, otholakala ngqo ngaphansi komhlaba, uma kukhona, noma amanzi, uma sikhuluma ngechibi. Kusekujuleni komhlaba lapho kutholakala khona wonke amaminerali anqwabele kuwo kuwo wonke umlando. Zisuka ebusweni ziye enkabeni yoMhlaba. Isendlalelo esifundwe kakhulu yi-lithosphere. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo emazwekazini nasolwandle kuhluke ngokuphawulekayo komunye nomunye.
Amaminerali
Izinsizakusebenza zamaminerali ezisemathunjini omhlaba zivame ukuhlukaniswa nge:
- ezivamile, ezibandakanya isihlabathi, ushoki, ubumba, njll .;
- okungajwayelekile, okubandakanya amaminerali e-ore nalawo angenawo.
Cishe wonke amaminerali ayimithombo yemvelo engavuseleleki, ngenxa yalokho angaphansi kokuvikelwa. Ukuphepha kokusebenzisa kwabo kuncishisiwe, okokuqala, kuzinyathelo eziningi ezibhekiswe ekusetshenzisweni okunengqondo.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuvikelwa komhlaba
Kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni, ngokwemithetho evame ukwamukelwa, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ilandelwe ukuvikela ingaphakathi loMhlaba:
- ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwamadiphozi amaminerali ukuvimbela ukuphela kwawo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlola amadiphozi amasha;
- ukuqapha imvelo yomhlaba ongaphansi, ukuvimbela ukungcola kwawo, ikakhulukazi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- ukuvimbela imiphumela eyingozi yamaminerali, ukuqapha ubuqotho besendlalelo esingenhla ngesikhathi semayini (lokhu kusebenza kuzinsizakusebenza eziwuketshezi, ezinegesi kanye nemisebe);
- uvikele ngokucophelela izinto ezihlukile zomhlaba ongaphansi, kufaka phakathi amanzi, amaminerali namanzi okuphuza.
Eminye yemisebenzi yokuvikelwa komhlaba ingu-accounting yabo. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ukuhlola amadiphozithi, ukunqunywa kobungako kanye nekhwalithi yezinqolobane ezikulo. Ukubalwa kwezimali kwenziwa womabili emazingeni ezifunda nawombuso.
Ukuvikelwa kwamaminerali
Ukuhlola nezimayini kungalimaza imvelo. Ngakho-ke, umbuso ulawula ukugcinwa kwezibopho zokuvikela nokugcina imvelo phakathi kwezinkampani zokuhlola nezokumba.
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko umthetho ozama ngazo ukuvikela imvelo:
- izinkampani zezimayini kumele zihambisane nezibopho zemvelo ezikhungweni zazo;
- ukuletha isikweletu sobugebengu uma kwenzeka kulinyazwa imvelo noma kwenzeka izinkinga zemvelo ezihlobene nemisebenzi yebhizinisi;
- ukuthola imvume yezinhlobo ezithile zomsebenzi kuziphathimandla ezifanele;
- izinkampani zezimayini kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi imvelo iyavikelwa endaweni yezimayini.
Ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yamanzi
Amanzi abelokhu ethathwa njengomthombo wemvelo obaluleke kakhulu. Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ngubani ukuthi ngamanzi axhasa impilo emhlabeni, nokuthi iyingxenye enkulu yempilo yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Isimo sengqondo sabathengi ngemithombo yamanzi eplanethi yethu siholele emiphumeleni emibi, kubandakanya nokwehla kobuningi bayo. Lokhu kusongela ukunciphisa inani lezitshalo nezilwane, okuzoholela ekwephuleni ukwehluka kwalo.
Ukushoda okuthe xaxa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kuzoholela ekulimaleni kwempilo yabantu nokuncintisana ngawo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulondoloza nokuvikela imithombo yamanzi eplanethi.
Namuhla, kunezindawo eziningana ezenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yezemvelo maqondana namaminerali namanzi ahlanzekile, kufaka phakathi:
- ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obungenamfucuza kanye nemikhawulo yamanzi angcolile embonini;
- ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamanzi ezimboni ngokuwahlanza
Lokhu kokugcina kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa ngemishini, ngamakhemikhali nangokwemvelo.
