Imagot uhlala enyakatho ye-Afrika futhi, ikakhulukazi, uhlala eYurophu. Lezi yizinkawu kuphela ezihlala eYurophu endaweni yemvelo - njengoba kungabizwa kanjalo, ngoba bazama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuzivikela ezingozini futhi banikeze konke abakudingayo. Kubhalwe encwadini ebomvu njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Magot
Izimbumbulu zachazwa ngo-1766 nguK. Linnaeus, base bethola igama lesayensi elithi Simia inuus. Ngemuva kwalokho yashintsha kaningana, futhi manje igama lalezi zinhlobo ngesiLatini iMacaca sylvanus. Ama-Magots angaphansi kwe-oda lezinsikazi, futhi imvelaphi yayo iqondakala kahle. Okhokho abasondelene bezinkawu bavela esikhathini seCretaceous, futhi uma ngaphambili bekukholelwa ukuthi bavuka cishe ekugcineni, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-75-66 edlule, muva nje elinye iphuzu lokubuka lisabalele kakhulu: ukuthi bahlala emhlabeni cishe ngo-80-105 eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule.
Imininingwane enjalo itholwe kusetshenziswa indlela yewashi yamangqamuzana, kanti inyani lokuqala elithembekile, i-purgatorius, lavela ngaphambi nje kokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene, okuyisona esidala kunazo zonke ezitholakala cishe ezineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-66 ubudala. Ngosayizi, lesi silwane cishe silingana negundane, futhi ngokubukeka kwalo kufana nalo. Yayihlala ezihlahleni futhi idla izinambuzane.
Ividiyo: Magot
Ngasikhathi sinye nalo, izilwane ezinjalo ezincelisayo ezihlobene nezimbongolo ezinamaphiko ezinoboya (zibhekwa njengeziseduze kakhulu) namalulwane avela. Ama-primates okuqala aqhamuka e-Asia, asuka lapho ahlala okokuqala eYurophu, bese eNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbadada zaseMelika zakhula ngokuhlukile kulezo ezasala e-Old World, futhi zafunda iNingizimu Melika, ngaphezu kwezigidi eziningi zeminyaka yentuthuko ehlukile nokuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo, umehluko wazo waba mkhulu kakhulu.
Ummeleli wokuqala owaziwayo womndeni wenkawu, okuyimbungu, unegama elinzima elithi nsungwepitek. Lezi zinkawu zazihlala eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25 edlule, izinsalela zazo zatholakala ngonyaka wezi-2013, ngaphambi kokuthi izinkawu zasendulo zazithathwa njengeVictoriopithecus. Uhlobo lwama-macaque lwavela kamuva kakhulu - insalela endala kunazo zonke yathola iminyaka engaphezulu kancane kwezigidi ezi-5 ubudala - futhi lawa ngamathambo omthambo. Izinsalela zalezi zinkawu zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuze kufike eMpumalanga Yurophu, nakuba esikhathini sethu zihlala eGibraltar naseNyakatho Afrika kuphela.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Imagot ibukeka kanjani
Ama-Magots, njengamanye ama-macaque, mancane: abesilisa bangama-60-70 cm ubude, isisindo sabo singama-10-16 kg, abesifazane bancane kancane - 50-60 cm no-6-10 kg. Inkawu inentamo emfushane, amehlo asondele eduze kwekhanda. Amehlo ngokwawo mancane, irises yawo ansundu. Izindlebe zeMagot zincane kakhulu, cishe azibonakali, futhi ziyindilinga.
Ubuso bumncane kakhulu futhi buzungezwe izinwele. Indawo yesikhumba kuphela phakathi kwekhanda nomlomo ayinaboya futhi ine-pink tint. Futhi, azikho izinwele ezinyaweni nasezintendeni zezandla; wonke umzimba wembube umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obukhulu obuphakathi nendawo. Esiswini, umthunzi waso ulula, uphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Ngemuva nangekhanda, kumnyama bhuqe, kunsundu ngokuphuzi. Umthunzi wejazi ungahluka: eminye inombala ompunga ikakhulu, futhi ingahle ikhanye noma ibe mnyama, ezinye izimboni zinejazi eliseduze nephuzi noma nsundu. Abanye baze babe nombala obomvu ohlukile.
Uboya obujiyile buvumela umazoth ukuthi ubekezelele ngempumelelo amakhaza, ngisho nokushisa okubandayo, yize lokhu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Akanawo umsila, yingakho elinye lamagama livela - i-macaque engenamsila. Kepha inkawu inensali yayo: inqubo encane kakhulu endaweni lapho kufanele ibe khona, kusuka ku-0.5 kuye ku-2 cm.
Izitho zomthambo zinde, ikakhulukazi ezingaphambili, futhi zincane; kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zinemisipha, kanti nezinkawu zihamba phambili kuzo. Bayakwazi ukugxumela kude, ngokushesha nangokukhwela bagibele ezihlahleni noma emadwaleni - futhi abaningi bahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba lapho leli khono lidingeka khona nje.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kunenganekwane yokuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokunyamalala kwezinkawu eGibraltar, umbuso wamaNgisi kule ndawo uzophela.
Uhlala kuphi umagoth?
Isithombe: Magaque magot
Lawa ma-macaque ahlala emazweni ama-4:
- ITunisia;
- I-Algeria;
- EMorocco;
- IGibraltar (ephethwe yi-UK).
Kuphawuleka njengezinkawu kuphela ezihlala eYurophu endaweni yemvelo. Phambilini, uhla lwabo belubanzi kakhulu: ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando, babehlala iningi laseYurophu nezindawo ezinkulu eNyakatho Afrika. Ukunyamalala okucishe kuphelele eYurophu kungenxa ye-Ice Age, okwenze kwabanda kakhulu kubo.
Kepha ngisho muva nje, zitholakale izimboni endaweni enkulu kakhulu - ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngemuva kwalokho bahlangana engxenyeni enkulu yeMorocco nakuyo yonke inyakatho ye-Algeria. Kuze kube manje, kuphela abantu abasezintabeni iRif enyakatho yeMorocco, amaqembu ahlakazekile e-Algeria, futhi zimbalwa kakhulu izinkawu eTunisia ezisele.
Zingaphila zombili ezintabeni (kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kwamamitha angama-2,300) nasemathafeni. Abantu babayise ezindaweni ezinezintaba: le ndawo ayinabantu abaningi, ngakho-ke ithule lapho. Ngakho-ke, izibungu zihlala emadlelweni asezintabeni nasemahlathini: zitholakala emahlathini e-oki noma e-spruce, ambozwe yimithambeka yezintaba ze-Atlas. Yize ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda imisedari futhi bakhetha ukuhlala eduze kwabo. Kepha abahlali ehlathini elicinene, kepha eduze konqenqema lwehlathi, lapho lungajwayelekile kakhulu, bangahlala nasendaweni evulekile, uma kukhona amahlathi kuyo.
Ngesikhathi se-Ice Age, zanyamalala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi zalethwa eGibraltar ngabantu, futhi okunye ukungeniswa kwenziwa kakade phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ngoba abantu bendawo bacishe banyamalala. Kwakunamahemuhemu okuthi uChurchill uqobo wayala lokhu, yize lokhu kungacaciswanga ngokuthembekile. Manje usuyazi ukuthi impethu ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi le macaque idlani.
Idliwa yini umagoth?
Isithombe: Monkey Magot
Imenyu yezimbungulu ifaka phakathi kokubili ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezilwane nesitshalo. Lesi sakamuva senza ingxenye yaso eyinhloko. Lezi zinkawu zidla ngoku:
- izithelo;
- iziqu;
- amaqabunga;
- izimbali;
- imbewu;
- bark;
- izimpande nama-bulb.
Okungukuthi, bangadla cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo, futhi zombili izihlahla nezihlahlana, notshani kuyasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, indlala ayibasongeli. Kwezinye izitshalo zithanda ukuba namaqabunga noma izimbali, ezinye zimba ngokucophelela ukuze zifinyelele engxenyeni yezimpande ezihlwabusayo.
Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke bayazithanda izithelo: okokuqala, lawa ubhanana, kanye nezithelo ezinhlobonhlobo ezisawolintshi, utamatisi okhuni, ama-grenadillas, umango nezinye izici zesimo sezulu esishisayo eNyakatho Afrika. Bangakwazi futhi ukukha amajikijolo nemifino, kwesinye isikhathi benza ama-forays ezingadini zabahlali bendawo.
Ebusika, ukuhlukahluka kwemenyu kuncishisiwe kakhulu, izimpethu kufanele zidle amahlumela noma izinaliti, noma amagxolo ezihlahla. Ngisho nasebusika, bazama ukuhlala eduze nemizimba yamanzi, ngoba kulula ukubamba ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo lapho.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- iminenke;
- izibungu;
- IZhukov;
- izicabucabu;
- izintuthwane;
- izimvemvane;
- izinkumbi;
- izimbaza;
- ofezela.
Njengoba kungabonakala kulolu hlu, zikhawulelwe ezilwaneni ezincane kuphela, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, azenzi ukuzingela okuhlelekile kwezilwane ezinkulu, ngisho nosayizi kanogwaja.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: iMagot evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ama-Magots ahlala ngamaqembu, imvamisa abalwa kubantu abayishumi nambili kuya kwabane. Iqembu ngalinye elinjalo linendawo yalo, futhi libanzi impela. Badinga indawo eningi ukuzondla nsuku zonke: bazungeza izindawo ezichichima kakhulu ngomhlambi wabo wonke. Imvamisa benza umbuthano onobubanzi obungu-3-5 km futhi bahambe ibanga elide ngosuku, kepha ngasekupheleni babuyela endaweni efanayo lapho baqala khona uhambo. Bahlala endaweni eyodwa, kuyaqabukela bafuduke, lokhu kubangelwa imisebenzi yabantu, ngenxa yalokho izindawo lapho izinkawu ebezihlala khona zibuyiswa yibo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, izimboni azikwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila nokuzondla ngazo, futhi kufanele zifune ezintsha. Kwesinye isikhathi ukufuduka kubangelwa ushintsho ezimweni zemvelo: iminyaka emincane, isomiso, ubusika obubandayo - esimweni sokugcina, inkinga ayikho kangako emakhazeni uqobo, ngoba izikhubekiso azikhathaleli, kepha iqiniso lokuthi ngenxa yalo kunokudla okuncane. Ezimweni ezingavamile, iqembu likhula kakhulu kangangokuba lihlukana kabili, kanti elisanda kwakhiwa lihambe liyofuna insimu entsha.
Ukunyuka kwezinsuku, njengezinye izinkawu eziningi, kuhlukaniswe kwaba izingxenye ezimbili: ngaphambi kwemini nangemva kwalokho. Cishe emini, engxenyeni eshisayo yosuku, bavame ukuphumula emthunzini ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Amantshontsho adlala imidlalo ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abadala baxuba uboya. Ekushiseni kosuku, imihlambi emi-2-4 ivamise ukuhlangana emgodini owodwa wokunisela ngasikhathi sinye. Bathanda ukuxhumana futhi bakwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi phakathi nokunyuka kwezinsuku naseholideyini. Ukuxhumana, imisindo ebanzi ebanzi iyasetshenziswa, isekelwa ukubonakala kobuso, ukuma komzimba nokushukuma komzimba.
Zihamba ngemilenze emine, kwesinye isikhathi zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva bese zizama ukukhuphuka phezulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zihlole indawo ezungezile futhi zibone ukuthi kukhona yini okudliwayo eduze. Bayakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni nasemadwaleni. Kusihlwa bahlala ebusuku. Ngokuvamile bachitha ubusuku ezihlahleni, bezakhela isidleke emagatsheni aqinile. Izidleke ezifanayo zisetshenziswa isikhathi eside, yize zingahlela entsha nsuku zonke. Esikhundleni salokho, kwesinye isikhathi bahlala ubusuku ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Magoth Cub
Amaqembu alezi zinkawu anezigaba zangaphakathi, nezinsikazi ekhanda. Indima yabo iphezulu, yizinsikazi eziyinhloko ezilawula zonke izinkawu eziseqenjini. Kepha ama-alpha wesilisa nawo akhona, kepha, ahola abesilisa kuphela futhi athobele abesifazane "ababusayo".
Izimbumbulu azivamile ukukhombisa ukuhlaselana, futhi ngubani obaluleke kakhulu ovame ukutholakala hhayi ezimpini, kodwa ngokuvuma ngokuzithandela kwezinkawu eqenjini. Noma kunjalo, ukungqubuzana eqenjini kuyenzeka, kepha kuncane kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-primate.
Ukuzala kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, imvamisa kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, bese kuzalwa ingane - amawele ayivelakancane. Usana olusanda kuzalwa lunesisindo esingu-400-500 amagremu, lumbozwe ngoboya obumnyama obuthambile.
Ekuqaleni, uchitha sonke isikhathi nomama esiswini sakhe, kodwa-ke amanye amalungu ephakethe aqala ukumnakekela, hhayi abesifazane kuphela, kepha nabesilisa. Imvamisa, owesilisa ngamunye ukhetha ingane yakhe ayithandayo futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi naye, uyamnakekela: uhlanza ijazi lakhe futhi uyajabulisa.
Abesilisa bayayithanda, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuzibonakalisa kowesilisa ohlangothini oluhle, ngoba abesifazane bazikhethela abalingani babo phakathi kwalabo abazibonakalise bengcono lapho bexhumana namazinyane. Ekuqaleni kwesonto lesibili lempilo, izimbungulu ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzihambela, kepha phakathi nohambo olude, umama uyaqhubeka nokuzithwala emhlane.
Zondla ngobisi lukamama ezinyangeni ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, bese ziqala ukuzidla ngokwazo, nawo wonke umuntu. Ngalesi sikhathi, uboya bazo buyakhanya - ezinkawini ezisencane kakhulu cishe zimnyama. Ngezinyanga eziyisithupha, abantu abadala bacishe bayeka ukudlala nabo; esikhundleni salokho, omlingo abasha bachitha isikhathi bedlala bobabili.
Ngonyaka sezivele zizimele ngokuphelele, kepha ziyavuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kwesikhathi: abesifazane abasekho ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, kanti abesilisa baneminyaka emihlanu ngokuphelele. Ziphila iminyaka engama-20-25, abesifazane isikhathi eside, kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Izitha zemvelo zeMagots
Isithombe: Magraltar magot
Ngokwemvelo, ama-magots cishe awanazo izitha, ngoba eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Afrika kunezimbangi ezimbalwa ezinkulu ezingazisongela. Ngasempumalanga, kunezingwenya, eningizimu, izingonyama nezingwe, kodwa endaweni lapho kuhlala khona lama macaque, azikho. Ingozi kuphela emelelwa yizinkozi ezinkulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi zizingela lezi zinkawu: okokuqala, amawundlu, ngoba abantu abadala sebevele bebakhulu kakhulu kubo. Lapho zibona inyoni ihlose ukuhlasela, izimbenge ziqala ukukhala, zixwayisa abantu bakubo ngengozi, bese zicasha.
Izitha eziyingozi kakhulu kulezi zinkawu ngabantu. Njengoba kunjalo ngezinye izilwane eziningi, kungenxa yemisebenzi yabantu ukuthi inani labantu lehle kwasekuqaleni. Futhi lokhu akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqothulwa okuqondile: umonakalo omkhulu ngisho nakakhulu ubangelwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokuguqulwa kwabantu bangene endaweni lapho kuhlala khona izimpethu.
Kepha kunokuxhumana okuqondile: abalimi e-Algeria naseMorocco bavame ukubulala izigaxa njengezilokazane, kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube namuhla. Lezi zinkawu zathengiswa, futhi abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bayaqhubeka nokwenza kanjalo esikhathini sethu. Izinkinga ezibalwe zisebenza e-Afrika kuphela; azikho izinsongo eGibraltar.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngesikhathi kumbiwa eNovgorod ngo-2003, kwatholakala ugebhezi lwemagot - inkawu yayihlala onyakeni engxenyeni yesibili ye-XII noma ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIII. Mhlawumbe yethulwe enkosana ngababusi bama-Arabhu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Imagot ibukeka kanjani
ENyakatho Afrika, ngokulinganisela okuhlukahlukene, kunamaMagoth angama-8,000 kuya ku-16,000. Kuleli nani, cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezintathu ziseMorocco, kanti kwikota esele, cishe bonke base-Algeria. Zimbalwa kakhulu zazo ezisele eTunisia, kanti izinkawu ezingama-250 - 300 zihlala eGibraltar.
Uma maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukuqothulwa kwabantu kwasongela inani labantu baseGibraltar, manje, kunalokho, kube ukuphela kwento ezinzile: emashumini eminyaka adlule, isibalo sezimpethu eGibraltar sikhule kancane. E-Afrika, iyawa kancane kancane, yingakho lama-macaque abekwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Konke kumayelana nomehluko endleleni: iziphathimandla zaseGibraltar zikhathazeke kakhulu ngokulondolozwa kwabantu bendawo, futhi emazweni ase-Afrika ukukhathazeka okunjalo akubonwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwesibonelo, uma izinkawu zidale umonakalo esitshalweni, eGibraltar kuzonxeshezelwa, kepha eMorocco akukho lutho oluyotholakala.
Ngakho-ke umehluko wesimo sengqondo: abalimi e-Afrika kufanele basukume bavikele izintshisekelo zabo, ngenxa yalokho kwesinye isikhathi badubula nezinkawu ezidla umhlaba wabo. Yize amaMagots ahlala eYurophu kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, ngosizo lwezifundo zofuzo kwatholakala ukuthi abantu besimanje baseGibraltar balandwa bevela e-Afrika, kanti okwangempela kwase kungasekho.
Kutholakale ukuthi okhokho abasondelene kakhulu nabaseGibraltar Magots banamuhla bavela kubantu baseMoroccan nabase-Algeria, kepha akekho noyedwa kubo owayevela e-Iberia. Kepha balethwa ngaphambi kokuba abaseBrithani bavele eGibraltar: kungenzeka, balethwa amaMoor ngenkathi bephethe iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia.
Ukugada Izimpisi
Isithombe: iMagot evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Lolu hlobo lwezinkawu lufakiwe eRed Book njengoba lusengozini ngenxa yokuthi inani lalo lincane futhi livame ukwehla ngokwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke, kuze kube manje zimbalwa izinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuzivikela. Izinkawu ziyaqhubeka nokuqothulwa futhi zibanjwe zithengiswe emaqoqweni azimele.
Kepha okungenani eGibraltar, kufanele zigcinwe, ngoba kuthathwa izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela abantu bendawo, izinhlangano eziningana zibandakanyeka kulokhu ngasikhathi sinye. Ngakho-ke, nsuku zonke, lezi zimboni zinikezwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile, izithelo, imifino nokunye ukudla - yize ziqhubeka nokudla endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Lokhu kusiza ukukhuthaza ukuzala kwezinkawu, njengoba kuya ngobuningi bokudla. Ukubanjwa nokubhekwa kwezempilo kwenziwa njalo, kudwetshwa izinombolo, futhi futhi kuthola ama-microchips akhethekile. Ngala mathuluzi, umuntu ngamunye ubalwa ngokucophelela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yokuxhumana kaningi nezivakashi, izichotho zaseGibraltar zancika ngokweqile kubantu, baqala ukuvakashela leli dolobha bezofuna ukudla baphazamisa nokuhleleka. Ngenxa yalokhu, akusakwazi ukondla izinkawu edolobheni, ngoba ukwephula umthetho kuzodingeka ukhokhe inhlawulo enkulu. Kodwa lezi zimbungulu zakwazi ukubuyela endaweni yazo yemvelo: manje zondliwa lapho.
Imagot - inkawu inokuthula futhi ayikwazi ukuzivikela phambi kwabantu.Inani labantu liyancipha unyaka nonyaka, kanye nomhlaba abawutholayo ukuze baphile, futhi ukuze kuguqulwe lo mkhuba, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubavikela. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisile, izinyathelo ezinjalo zingaba nomthelela, ngoba inani labantu baseGibraltar lalezi zinkawu laqiniswa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: unyaka we-28.08.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-13: 47
