Ingwenya yeNayile yayihlonishwa ngamandla ayo futhi yayisetshenziselwa ukuvikela oFaro nabefundisi baseGibhithe lasendulo. AbaseGibhithe babekhulekela izilwane, kepha abakhonzanga isidalwa uqobo, kodwa isici esicacile esivela kuhlobo. Unkulunkulu wamandla onekhanda lengwenya wayehlonishwa kakhulu, futhi wabizwa ngoSobek. Ukuhlonipha uSobek eKom Ombo 200 BC wakha ithempeli elikhulu lapho abantu babemkhulekela khona njengamandla omphefumulo.
Ingwenya yeNayile ilula ngombala kunezinye izinhlobo zezingwenya ezitholakala emhlabeni, kodwa ibizwa ngengwenya emnyama.
Ingwenya yeNayile iyisilwane esifiphele ngokocansi, okusho ukuthi kunokwehluka ngokomzimba phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Abesilisa bezingwenya zeNayile bakhulu ngama-25-35% kunabesifazane, kepha abesifazane bayindilinga kunabesilisa abalinganayo. Abesilisa yizilwane ezihlala endaweni futhi ezinolaka. Ngokwesilinganiso, ingwenya yeNayile iphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-70, ngisho nasendalweni. Kodwa-ke, izophila ezimeni ezifanele isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.
Izingwenya ziyaqhubeka zikhula uma nje zisaphila. Abesilisa abadala bangamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-5 ubude; isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke singaba ngu-700 kg. Umkhawulo wobudala obuphezulu nosayizi akukaziwa. Sekuqinisekisiwe amarekhodi ezingwenya ezinkulu zasendle, ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-6 ubude no-900 kg ngesisindo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Izingwenya zeNayile zinezikali eziluhlaza okwephuzi ngokugqamile okunsundu noma okwethusi. Umbala wazo ngqo uncike endaweni ezungezile. Izingwenya ezihlala emifuleni esheshayo zikhanya ngebala, zihlala emaxhaphozini amnyama kumnyama; imizimba yabo iyasifihla, ngakho-ke bavame ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ebazungezile.
Amazinyo asabekayo anama-canine angama-64 kuya kwangama-68 ngapha nangapha komhlathi. La mazinyo amile okweyisigaxa, sengathi acijile. Izingwenya ezincane zine "izinyo leqanda" eliwa ngemuva kokuthi izinyane liphule igobolondo leqanda.
Impicabadala yezingwenya zaseNayile ukuthi zinemizwa emzimbeni wonke, umgomo abaphenyi abangawuqondi ngokugcwele. Wonke umuntu uyavuma ukuthi lezi zitho zithola iphunga, ukudlidlizela inyamazane, kepha izici azikakafundwa.
Lapho kuhlala khona ingwenya yeNayile
Izingwenya zeNayile zihlala emanzini anosawoti, kepha zikhetha amanzi ahlanzekile aseCentral naseNingizimu Afrika. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ingwenya yaseNayile iyisidalwa esinegazi elibandayo futhi incike emvelweni wayo ukugcina izinga lokushisa langaphakathi elijwayelekile. Ihlala elangeni lapho kupholile, kepha lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme, ingena enkambisweni efana nokulala ubusika.
Izingwenya zinciphisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokulala kwazo ngezikhathi ezinzima zonyaka. Imigede embe izingwenya ezingasosebeni lomfula ibanda kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa langaphandle. Lapho kushisa, ingwenya yeNile iphephela emihumeni futhi yehlisa izinga lokuphefumula kube ukuphefumula okukodwa ngomzuzu; izinga lokushisa komzimba lehla, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lehla lisuka kumabhithi angama-40 ngomzuzu lize lifike ngaphansi kukahlanu. Kulesi simo, ingwenya isebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, ayivumela ukuthi iphile isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngaphandle kokudla.
Idlani ingwenya yeNayile?
Izingwenya zidla noma yini ehambayo. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko izinhlanzi. Kodwa futhi zibulala izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ama-otter, izinkonkoni, amadube, izimvubu, futhi zidla ezinye izingwenya. Lezi yizilwane ezizingelayo zangempela.
Izingwenya zikhetha inyamazane ephilayo. Uma benikezwa inyama egayiwe eboshiwe noma ukudla okuphilayo, bahlasela ukudla okuhambayo bese beshiya inyama egayiwe yenziwa ngoshukela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Ukuziphatha kwezingwenya akuqondakali kahle. Kukholakala ukuthi kunesikhundla esiqinile senhlalo ezingxenyeni zezingwenya ezithonya ukuhleleka kokudla. Izilwane ezisezingeni eliphansi zidla kancane lapho abantu abaphezulu beseduze.
Ukuzalela izingwenya zeNayile
Lezi zinhlobo zimba izidleke ezifika ku-50 cm osebeni olunesihlabathi, amamitha ambalwa ukusuka emanzini. Isikhathi sokuziphatha kwe-nesting sincike endaweni yokuhlala, senzeka ngenkathi eyomile enyakatho, ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula kuya eningizimu, imvamisa kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba.
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngobude bomzimba obucishe bube u-2.6 m, abesilisa - cishe u-3.1 m.Abesifazane bazalela amaqanda angama-40 kuye kwangama-60 esidlekeni, yize leli nani lincike kubantu. Abesifazane bahlala njalo eduze kwesidleke. Isikhathi sokufukamela yizinsuku ezingama-80 kuya kwezingama-90, ngemuva kwalokho abesifazane bavule isidleke bese bethwala amawundlu lawo emanzini.
INkomo Yengwenya yeNayile
Yize insikazi iqaphile phakathi nesikhathi sokufukamela, amaphesenti aphezulu ezidleke embiwa izimpisi nabantu. Lesi sidalwa senzeka lapho insikazi iphoqeleka ukuba ishiye isidleke ukuze izopholisa umzimba wayo emanzini.
Izitha zemvelo
Izingwenya zeNayile ziphezulu kuketanga lokudla, kepha zisongelwa yi:
- ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
- ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala;
- abazingeli.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature, izingwenya zaseNayile zihlukaniswe "njengokukhathazeka okuncane" maqondana nokuqothulwa. Inani labantu lisuka ku-250,000 liye ku-500,000 futhi bahlala kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Afrika.
Ingwenya unogada
Ukulahleka kwendawo okuhlala kuyo ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke izingwenya zaseNayile ezibhekene nazo. Balahlekelwa yindawo yabo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanti ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kunciphise ubukhulu nezinga lamaxhaphozi. Kuphakama nezinkinga lapho abantu bakhe amadamu, amadamu nezinhlelo zokunisela.
