Ibhere elibukiwe (iTremarctos ornatus) noma i- "Andean" livamile eNyakatho Andes eColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eBolivia naseChile. Iwukuphela kohlobo lwebhere olutholakala eNingizimu Melika. Ibhere elibukiwe yisihlobo esiseduze samabhere anobuso obufushane ayehlala eMiddle Late Pleistocene.
Incazelo yebhere laseAndes
Lawa ngamabhere amancane avela emndenini wase-Ursidae. Abesilisa bakhulu ngo-33% kunabesifazane, bangamamitha ayi-1.5 ubude futhi banesisindo esifinyelela ku-154 kg. Abesifazane abavamile ukuba nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-82 kg.
Amabhere agqamile abizwa ngamagama ngenxa yemibuthano emhlophe emikhulu noma amasentimitha anoboya obumhlophe azungeze amehlo, okuwanikeza ukubonakala "kwesibuko". Ingubo yomzimba e-Shaggy imnyama nge-beige, kwesinye isikhathi ukumakwa okubomvu kumlomo wesifuba nangaphezulu. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esifudumele lapho kuhlala khona amabhere futhi ngenxa yokuthi awafihli ubusika, uboya buncane. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamabhere zinamabhangqa ayi-14 ezimbali, kanti amabhere akhazimulayo anangu-13.
Izilwane zinamazipho amade, agobile, acijile azisebenzisela ukukhuphuka, ukumba iziduli neziduli zomuhlwa. Imilenze yangaphambili mide kunemilenze yangemuva, okwenza kube lula ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni. Amabhere anemihlathi eqinile futhi abanzi, imihlathi eyisicaba ayisebenzisela ukuhlafuna uhlaza olunzima olufana namagxolo ezihlahla.
Ahlala kuphi amabhere akhazimulayo?
Bahlala emadlelweni asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezintabeni, bahlala emahlathini aluhlaza asezintabeni amboze imithambeka yezintaba zase-Andes. Amabhere maningi ohlangothini olungasempumalanga ye-Andes, lapho engakabi sengozini enkulu ekoloniyoni labantu. Amabhele ehla ezintabeni efuna ukudla ezingwadule ezisogwini nasemathafeni.
Yini adliwa amabhere futhi
Ziyakwazi omnivores. Baqoqa izithelo ezivuthiwe, amajikijolo, i-cacti noju emahlathini. Ngezikhathi lapho izithelo ezivuthiwe zingatholakali, zidla uqalo, ummbila nama-epiphyte, izitshalo ezimila kuma-bromeliads. Ngezikhathi ezithile bengeza ukudla kwabo ngezinambuzane, amagundane nezinyoni, kepha lokhu kumayelana ne-7% kuphela yokudla kwabo.
Indlela yokuphila yebhere ebukekayo
Izilwane zihamba ebusuku futhi ziyasebenza kusihlwa. Emini, zikhosela emihumeni, ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla noma ngeziqu zemithi. Yizidalwa ze-arboreal ezichitha isikhathi esiningi zifuna ukudla ezihlahleni. Ukusinda kwabo kuncike kakhulu ekhonweni labo lokukhuphuka emahlathini aphakeme kakhulu e-Andes.
Ezihlahleni, amabhere akha amapulatifomu okondla ngamagatsha aphukile futhi awasebenzisele ukuthola ukudla.
Amabhere agqamile ayizilwane zasendaweni, kepha awahlali ngamaqembu ukugwema ukuncintisana ngokudla. Uma behlangana nelinye ibhere noma umuntu, basabela ngokuqapha kepha ngolaka uma bezizwa besongelwa noma uma amawundlu asengozini.
Izilwane ezingashadile zibonwa ngababili kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Amabhele athanda ukuthula. Kuphela lapho behlangana nesihlobo lapho benikeza khona izwi.
Zizala kanjani nokuthi zihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Amabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo azala unyaka wonke, kepha ikakhulukazi kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni futhi bakhiqize izingane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-4 nengu-7.
Insikazi izala amawundlu angu-1-2 njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezi-7. Izithandani zihlala ndawonye amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokukhwela. Owesifazane uhlela ukukhulelwa, aqiniseke ukuthi ukuzala kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-90 ngaphambi kokufika kwesizini yezithelo lapho ukudla kwanele. Uma kungekho ukudla okwanele, imibungu iyangena emzimbeni kamama, futhi ngeke abelethe kulo nyaka.
Insikazi yakha umhhume ngaphambi kokubeletha. Amathole anesisindo esingu-300-500 amagremu lapho ezalwa futhi awanakuzisiza, amehlo abo avalekile phakathi nenyanga yokuqala yokuphila. Amawundlu ahlala nonina iminyaka emi-2, agibele emhlane wakhe, ngaphambi kokuxoshwa abesilisa abadala abafuna ukukhwelana nensikazi.
Ibhere elibukiwe linempilo yokuphila kweminyaka engama-25 ngokwemvelo kanye neminyaka engama-35 ekuthunjweni.
