Ngo-Mashi 21, 2018, kwenzeka into engajwayelekile eVolokolamsk - izingane ezingama-57 ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zedolobha zeza esibhedlela zinezimpawu zobuthi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba, izakhamizi zikhononda ngalokhu:
- iphunga elibi elivela endaweni yokulahla udoti yaseYadrovo;
- ukungabi bikho kwesixwayiso mayelana nokukhishwa kwegesi ngobusuku bukaMashi 21-22 kwabezindaba.
Namuhla, iziteleka ezinkulu kanye nemibuthano iyaqhubeka esifundeni ngezimfuno zokuvala indawo yokulahla udoti hhayi eVolokolamsk kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo, izakhamizi zazo nazo ezikhathazekile ngethemba eliqhakazile lobuthi.
Ake sizame ngakolunye uhlangothi ukubheka okwenzekile, okwenzekayo futhi okungenzeka?
Udoti wokulahla udoti
Kubantu abaningi abasemgwaqweni, ibinzana elithi "landfill" lihambisana nokulahlwa kwenhlabathi okukhulu, lapho inqwaba kadoti onukayo isilahlwe yizimoto iminyaka. Ku-encyclopedia, babhala ukuthi kuhloselwe "ukuhlukaniswa nokulahlwa kukadoti oqinile". Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka okumele le ndawo uyifeze "ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwabantu." Namuhla, "ukugcinwa" kwawo wonke amaphuzu kuyabonakala.
Amagesi okulahla udoti
Ukuvela kwegesi ngesikhathi sokubola kukadoti wamaminerali kuyinto ejwayelekile, engokwemvelo. Iqukethe cishe isigamu semethane nesikhutha. Inani lamakhemikhali e-non-methane organic angaphezulu kancane kwe-1%.
Kwenzeka kanjani ngempela lokhu?
Lapho udoti oqinile kamasipala ufakwa endaweni yokulahla udoti, uba sesigabeni sokubola kwe-aerobic, esikhiqiza inani elincane le-methane. Lapho-ke, njengoba izinga lemfucumfucu landa, umjikelezo we-anaerobic uqala, futhi amabhaktheriya akhiqiza lo gesi oyingozi aqala ukubola kakhulu asebenze futhi akhiqize i-methane. Lapho inani laso libucayi, kwenzeka ukukhishwa - ukuqhuma okuncane.
Imiphumela ye-methane ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni womuntu
IMethane ngemithamo emincane ayinaphunga futhi ayinabungozi empilweni yomuntu - bhala amakhemikhali ahlonishwa kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuqala zobuthi ngendlela yesiyezi zenzeka lapho ukugxila kwayo emoyeni kudlula u-25-30% wevolumu.
I-Carbon dioxide itholakala ngokwemvelo emoyeni esiwuphefumulayo nsuku zonke. Ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu namagesi okukhipha amadolobha, izinga lawo lingu-0.035%. Ngokugxila okwandayo, abantu baqala ukuzizwa bekhathele, ukunciphisa ukuqapha kwengqondo nokunaka.
Lapho izinga le-CO2 lifinyelela ku-0.1-0.2%, liba yingozi kubantu.
Ngokwami, ngemuva kokuhlaziya yonke le datha, kuphakame umbuzo - mingaki iminyaka, nokuthi kungakanani imfucuza ebekwe endaweni yokulahla udoti yaseYadrovo, uma ukukhishwa kwegesi endaweni evulekile kudale ubuthi babantu abaningi kangaka? Ngalesi sikhathi. Inani lezisulu, nginesiqiniseko salokhu, lidlula kakhulu inani labantu abangama-57 abakhonjiswe kwabezindaba. Bonke abanye, cishe, babengenakulokotha ukuya esibhedlela ukuthola usizo. Lezi ezimbili. Futhi umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ovelayo uthi kungani befuna ukuvala le ndawo yokulahla inkunkuma bathuthele udoti baye komunye? Uxolo, kodwa abantu abahlali lapho?
Izinombolo
Uma unentshisekelo, ake silinake leli qiniso - endaweni yesifunda saseMoscow kunezindawo zokulahla komhlaba ezingaba ngu-44 ezisebenzayo, ezivaliwe nezibuyisiwe. Indawo iyahluka ukusuka kumahektha angama-4-5 kuye kwayi-123. Sithatha inani lezibalo bese sithola u-9.44 km2 embozwe udoti.
Indawo yesifunda saseMoscow ingama-45,900 km2. Empeleni, asikho isikhala esiningi esigcinelwe ukugcwaliswa komhlaba, uma ungacabangi ukuthi konke kuyikho:
- ukhiqize igesi ezindaweni ezinobuthi;
- angcolisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- imvelo enobuthi.
Emhlabeni wonke, manje sekusungulwa izinhlelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 emkhathini, ukuvikela nokulondoloza imithombo yamanzi, imvelo, izitshalo nezilwane. Kuhle kakhulu, futhi, kubukeka kukuhle ephepheni. Ngokwenza njalo, abantu batelekile, futhi izikhulu zifuna izindawo zokwakha umthombo omusha wamagesi anobuthi, zandisa indawo yazo minyaka yonke. Umbuthano ononya?
Ake sibheke inkinga kusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Uma kuphakama umbuzo, ake siwuxazulule. Uma abantu bengene emigwaqweni - ngakho-ke ake sifune ukuthi le nkinga iqedwe, futhi singayisusi kusuka "ekhanda elibuhlungu liye kwelinempilo." Kungani kungenakwenzeka ukubhala izingqwembe ezinezimfuno zokubeka izitshalo zokulungisa udoti esifundeni futhi zixazululwe kanyekanye inkinga kadoti oqinile, imiphumela yomhlaba wonke futhi, njengebhonasi, uvumele igesi eyingozi ibe isiteshi esinokuthula? Ngabe akekho onake iqiniso lokuthi ngokwethula izimangalo kwabezindaba nokuvala indawo eyodwa yokulahla inkunkuma, asixazululi izinkinga zemvelo esifundeni?
Ngingathanda kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu othintekayo kule nkinga - futhi lokhu sonke - ukucabanga, ukuhlaziya nokunikeza izimpendulo zemibuzo ebuziwe ngokuzimela. Ungalindeli isimangaliso - ngeke kwenzeke. Yenza izimanga ngokwakho - setha izidingo ezifanele bese wenza isenzo esifanele. Ngale ndlela kuphela, ngemizamo ehlangene, lapho sizokwazi khona (noma ngabe kuzwakala kusabeka kangakanani) ukuzigcinela thina, inzalo kanye nemvelo izimo zokuphila ezintofontofo.
