I-hydrosphere ihlanganisa yonke imithombo yamanzi yoMhlaba:
- Ulwandle Lomhlaba;
- Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- amaxhaphozi;
- imifula;
- amachibi;
- izilwandle;
- amadamu;
- izinguzunga zeqhwa;
- umusi womkhathi.
Zonke lezi zinsiza zingezezinzuzo ezingapheli zomhlaba, kepha imisebenzi ye-anthropogenic ingasenza sibe sibi kakhulu isimo samanzi. Kwi-hydrosphere, inkinga yomhlaba jikelele ukungcoliswa kwazo zonke izindawo zamanzi. Imvelo yamanzi ingcoliswe yimikhiqizo kawoyela kanye nomanyolo wezolimo, udoti wasendlini oqinile, izinsimbi ezisindayo namakhemikhali amakhemikhali, imfucumfucu enemisebe kanye nezinto eziphilayo, amanzi afudumele, kamasipala nawezimboni.
Ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi
Ukuze kulondolozwe imithombo yamanzi emhlabeni futhi kungonakalisi ikhwalithi yamanzi, kuyadingeka ukuvikela i-hydrosphere. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezinengqondo futhi uhlanze amanzi. Amanzi okuphuza noma ezimboni angatholakala ngokuya ngezindlela zokuhlanzwa. Esimweni sokuqala, ihlanzwa kusuka kumakhemikhali, ukungcola komshini kanye nama-microorganisms. Esimweni sesibili, kuyadingeka ukuthi kususwe ukungcola okuyingozi kuphela kanye nalezo zinto ezingeke zisetshenziswe endaweni lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona amanzi ezimboni.
Kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlanza amanzi. Amazwe ahlukahlukene asebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezindlela zokuhlanza amanzi. Namuhla izindlela zemishini, zebhayoloji nezamakhemikhali zokuhlanzwa kwamanzi ziyasebenza. Ukuhlanza nge-oxidation nokunciphisa, izindlela ze-aerobic ne-anaerobic, ukwelashwa kwe-sludge, njll. Izindlela ezithembisa kakhulu zokuhlanzwa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi nge-physicochemical and biochemical, kepha ziyabiza, ngakho-ke azisetshenziswa yonke indawo.
Imijikelezo yokujikeleza kwamanzi evaliwe
Ukuvikela i-hydrosphere, imijikelezo yokujikeleza kwamanzi evaliwe iyadalwa, futhi kulokhu, kusetshenziswa amanzi emvelo, afakwa ohlelweni kanye. Ngemuva kokusebenza, amanzi abuyiselwa ezimeni zemvelo, ngenkathi ehlanjululwa noma exutshwe namanzi avela endaweni yemvelo. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi kuze kube izikhathi ezingama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi ajikelezayo asesetshenzisiwe, kuya ngethempelesha lawo, asetshenziswa njengesipholisi noma isithwali sokushisa.
Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo eziyinhloko zokuvikelwa kwe-hydrosphere ukusetshenziswa kwazo okunengqondo nokuhlanza. Inani elilungile lemithombo yamanzi libalwa ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe. Lapho amanzi asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezomnotho, ikhwalithi yawo izoba phezulu emvelweni.
