Izwekazi lase-Afrika licebile ngemithombo ehlukahlukene yemvelo. Abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuthi ungaphumula kahle lapha ngokuhamba nge-safari, kanti abanye benza imali ngezinsizakusebenza zamaminerali nezamahlathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezwe kwenziwa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho-ke zonke izinhlobo zezinzuzo zemvelo ziyabaluleka lapha.
Imithombo yamanzi
Yize iqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu ye-Afrika imbozwe izingwadule, imifula eminingi igeleza lapha, emikhulu kunayo yonke iNayile noMfula i-Orange, iNiger neCongo, iZambezi neLimpopo. Ezinye zazo zigijima ezingwadule futhi zondliwa ngamanzi emvula kuphela. Amachibi adume kakhulu ezwekazi yiVictoria, Chad, Tanganyika neNyasa. Ngokuvamile, leli zwekazi linemithombo emincane yemithombo yamanzi futhi alihlinzekwa kahle ngamanzi, ngakho-ke kule ngxenye yomhlaba lapho abantu bengafi khona kuphela ngenxa yezifo zamanani, indlala, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni. Uma umuntu engena ogwadule ngaphandle kokuphakelwa kwamanzi, maningi amathuba okuthi afe. Okuhlukile kuzoba njalo uma enenhlanhla yokuthola i-oasis.
Izinsiza zenhlabathi nezamahlathi
Izinsiza zomhlaba ezwenikazi elishisa kakhulu zikhulu impela. Ingxenye yesihlanu kuphela yenani lomhlabathi elitholakala lapha elinywayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu ingaphansi kogwadule nokuguguleka komhlaba, ngakho-ke umhlaba lapha awutheli. Izindawo eziningi kuhlala amahlathi ashisayo, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuzibandakanya kwezolimo lapha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amahlathi abaluleke kakhulu e-Afrika. Izingxenye ezisempumalanga naseningizimu zimbozwe ngamahlathi omile asezindaweni ezishisayo, kuyilapho lawo aswakeme emboza maphakathi nentshonalanga yezwekazi. Okufanele kukuqaphele ukuthi ihlathi aligugu lapha, kepha lisikwa ngokungenangqondo. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu akuholeli kuphela ekuwohlokeni kwamahlathi nenhlabathi, kepha futhi nasekubhujisweni kwemvelo kanye nokuvela kwababaleki bezemvelo, phakathi kwezilwane naphakathi kwabantu.
Amaminerali
Ingxenye ebalulekile yemithombo yemvelo yase-Afrika ngamaminerali:
- uphethiloli - uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, amalahle;
- izinsimbi - igolide, ukuhola, i-cobalt, i-zinc, isiliva, i-iron ne-manganese ores;
- i-nonmetallic - talc, i-gypsum, i-limestone;
- amatshe ayigugu - idayimane, ama-emeraldi, ama-alexandrites, ama-pyropes, ama-amethyst.
Ngakho-ke, i-Afrika iyikhaya lomcebo omkhulu wemithombo yemvelo emhlabeni. Lezi akuzona izinsalela kuphela, kodwa futhi izingodo, kanye namathafa adumile emhlabeni, imifula, izimpophoma namachibi. Ukuphela kwento esongela ukukhathala kwalezi zinzuzo ithonya le-anthropogenic.
