Isimo semvelo sase-Arctic sibuthakathaka, kepha isimo semvelo yezingwadule zase-Arctic sithinta isimo sezulu seplanethi yonke, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka noma yiziphi izinkinga lapha, abantu abasezingxenyeni ezehlukene zomhlaba bangazizwa. Izinkinga zemvelo zamahlane ase-arctic zishiya uphawu lwazo emvelweni wonke.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko
Muva nje, indawo yezingwadule zase-arctic ibilokhu iba nezinguquko zomhlaba ngenxa yethonya le-anthropogenic. Lokhu kudale izinkinga ezilandelayo zemvelo e-Arctic:
- Iqhwa elincibilikayo. Njalo ngonyaka izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, isimo sezulu siyashintsha kanye nendawo yezinguzunga zeqhwa iyancipha, ngakho-ke indawo yemvelo yezingwadule zase-Arctic iyancipha, okungaholela ekunyamalaleni kwayo ngokuphelele, ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane
- Ukungcoliswa komoya. Umoya womoya wase-Arctic uyangcola, okufaka isandla emvuleni ye-asidi nasemigodini ye-ozone. Lokhu kunomthelela omubi emsebenzini obalulekile wezinto eziphilayo. Omunye umthombo wokungcola komoya ezingwadule zase-Arctic yizithuthi ezisebenza lapha, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sezimayini.
- Ukungcola kwamanzi ase-Arctic anemikhiqizo kawoyela, izinsimbi ezisindayo, izinto ezinobuthi, udoti wezisekelo zamasosha asogwini nemikhumbi. Konke lokhu kubulala imvelo yezingwadule zase-arctic
- Ukwehla kwezilwane nezinyoni. Ukwehla kokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kungenxa yemisebenzi yabantu enamandla, ukuthunyelwa, ukungcola kwamanzi nomoya
- Ukukhiqiza okusebenzayo kanye nokudla kwasolwandle kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi abameleli abahlukahlukene bomhlaba wezilwane abanazo izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ezanele zokudla, futhi babulawa yindlala. Kuholela nasekuqothulweni kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
- Izinguquko endaweni yokuhlala yezinto ezahlukahlukene. Ukubonakala komuntu ebunzimeni bezingwadule zase-Arctic, ukukhula okusebenzayo nokusetshenziswa kwalesi simiso semvelo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izimo zokuphila zezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ziyashintsha. Abanye abamele baphoqeleka ukuthi bashintshe izindawo abahlala kuzo, bakhethe izindawo zokukhosela eziphephile neziningi zasendle. Uhla lokudla nalo luphazamisekile
Lolu hlu alukhawuleli inani lezinkinga zemvelo endaweni eyihlane yase-Arctic. Lezi yizinkinga eziyinhloko zemvelo, kepha kukhona nezincane, zasendaweni, ezingeyona ingozi kangako. Abantu baphoqelekile ukulawula imisebenzi yabo hhayi ukucekela phansi imvelo ye-Arctic, kepha ukusiza ukuyibuyisela. Ekugcineni, zonke izinkinga zamahlane ase-Arctic zithinta kabi isimo sezulu seplanethi yonke.
Ukuvikela imvelo yezingwadule zase-arctic
Njengoba imvelo yezingwadule zase-Arctic ithonywe kabi ngabantu, idinga ukuvikelwa. Ngokwenza ngcono isimo se-Arctic, imvelo yomhlaba wonke izothuthuka kakhulu.
Phakathi kwezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokongiwa kwemvelo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ukwakhiwa kombuso okhethekile wokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo;
- ukuqapha isimo sokungcola kwemvelo;
- ukubuyiselwa kwamathafa;
- ukwenziwa kweziqiqi zemvelo;
- kabusha;
- izinyathelo zokuphepha;
- ukwanda kwenqwaba yezilwane nezinyoni;
- ukulawula ukudotshwa kwezimboni nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho komhlaba.
Le micimbi yenziwa hhayi ngabezemvelo kuphela, kepha futhi ilawulwa nguhulumeni, futhi nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zenziwa ngabaphathi bamazwe ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneqembu eliphendula ngokushesha elisebenza uma kwenzeka izingozi ezahlukahlukene, izinhlekelele, ezemvelo nezenziwe ngabantu, ukuze kuqedwe ukugxila kwenkinga yemvelo ngesikhathi.
Sebenza ukuvikela imvelo ye-Arctic
Ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozweni kohlobo lwamahlane ase-Arctic. Kwaqina ekuqaleni kwawo-1990. Ngakho-ke amanye amazwe aseNyakatho Melika naseNyakatho Yurophu aqala ukusebenzisana ukuvikela imvelo yase-Arctic. Ngo-1990, i-International Arctic Science Committee yasekelwa le njongo, kwathi ngo-1991, kwasungulwa iForamu YaseNyakatho. Kusukela lapho, sekusungulwe amasu okuvikela isifunda sase-Arctic, zombili izindawo zamanzi nomhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlangano, kukhona nenhlangano yezimali enikeza usizo lwezezimali emazweni aseMpumalanga nase-Central Europe ukuxazulula izinkinga zawo zemvelo. Kukhona izinhlangano zamazwe amaningana ezibandakanya ukuxazulula inkinga ethile:
- ukulondolozwa kwesibalo se-polar;
- ukulwa nokungcola koLwandle lwaseChukchi;
- Ulwandle iBering;
- ukuphathwa kokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zesifunda se-Arctic.
Njengoba insimu yezingwadule zase-Arctic iyisifunda esithinta kakhulu isimo sezulu seMhlaba, kufanele kunakekelwe ukuze kulondolozwe lesi simiso semvelo. Futhi lokhu akuwona umzabalazo wokwandisa inani lezilwane, izinyoni nezinhlanzi. Izinkinga zokuvikelwa kwemvelo zifaka phakathi ukuhlanzwa kwezindawo zamanzi, umkhathi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza, ukulawula imisebenzi yamabhizinisi athile nezinye izinto. Impilo e-Arctic incike kulokhu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isimo sezulu seplanethi.
Futhi ekugcineni, sikumema ukuthi ubuke ividiyo efundisayo ngehlane lase-Arctic
