I-Andean condor Iyinyoni yaseNingizimu Melika yomndeni wakwaCathartidae, okuwukuphela kwegatsha kuhlobo lweVultur. Kutholakala Ezintabeni ze-Andes nasemaphethelweni aseduze ePacific aseNingizimu Melika. Iyinyoni endiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngenxa yesisindo sayo esihlanganisiwe nezilinganiso zamaphiko. Ukuphakama kwamaphiko ayo kungu-3.3 m, kudlulwa kuphela ngamaphiko wezinyoni ezine zasolwandle nezamanzi - ama-albatross nama-pelican.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Andean Condor
I-condor yase-Andes yethulwa ngusosayensi wemvelo waseSweden uKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758 futhi igcina negama layo langempela elithi Vultur gryphus kuze kube namuhla. Igama elijwayelekile elithi Vultur lithathwe ngqo kwi-vultur yesiLatini, okusho ukuthi inqe. I-epithet yayo ethize ivela kokuhlukile kwegama lesiGreki elithi γρυπός (grupós, "hook hook").
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Indawo ngqo yentela ye-Andean condor nezinhlobo eziyisithupha ezisele zamanqe eNew World kusalokhu kungacaci. Yize amanqe kuwo wonke amazwekazi efana ngokubukeka futhi enezindima ezifanayo zemvelo, nokho aqhamuka kokhokho abehlukene ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba futhi abanabo ubuhlobo obuseduze. Ukuthi le mindeni emibili yehluke kangakanani namuhla kukhulunywa ngososayensi.
I-Andean condor ukuphela kwezinhlobo eziphilayo ezihlonishwayo zohlobo lwayo, iVultur. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-condor yaseCalifornia (G. californianus), eyaziwa ngezinsalela eziningi kanye nezinye izihlobo ezengeziwe, irekhodi lezinsalela ze-condor yase-Andes lincane kakhulu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi izinhlobo zokuqala zePleistocene zama-condor aseNingizimu Melika bezingafani kakhulu nezinhlobo zamanje. Yize isifanekiso esisodwa sisinda kuphela emathanjeni ambalwa amancane atholakala kwidiphozi yePliocene emnyangweni weTarija, eBolivia, kungenzeka ukuthi kwakuyizinkampani ezincane, uV Gryphus Patruus.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-condor yase-Andes
Ama-condor ase-Andean anezimpaphe ezimnyama, ezicwebezelayo ezinekhola elimhlophe nxazonke zezintamo. Ngenkathi abantu abasha benezimpaphe ezimpunga zomnqumo nezinsundu. Lezi zinyoni zinezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezimpikweni zazo, futhi zibonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa. Entanyeni nasekhanda lama-condor amadala, izimpaphe azikho futhi, njengomthetho, zimnyama ngokusobala ngombala onsundu ngokubomvu. Intsha kulezi zindawo iba mpunga, okuthi kamuva inyamalale. Lokhu kuba nempandla mhlawumbe kungukuzivumelanisa nenhlanzeko, ngoba isikhumba esingenalutho kulula ukusigcina sihlanzekile futhi somile ngemuva kokondla izidumbu.
Ividiyo: I-Andean Condor
Uqhwaku lusebenzela ukudabula inyama ebolile esidunjini. Izisekelo zemihlathi yazo engenhla nengezansi zimnyama, kanti omunye uqhwaku unombala wezinyo lendlovu. Ama-condeas aseAndean anesisindo esisuka ku-7.7 kuya ku-15 kg futhi anobude obungu-97.5 kuya ku-128 cm.Imilenze yama-condeas ase-Andes ayinamandla kangako futhi anezipho ezimfishane ezingacacile, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Uzwane lwangemuva aluthuthuki kangako, kepha uzwane oluphakathi lude kakhulu kunezinye. Izinyawo nemilenze yazo zimbozwe izikali eziyimpunga eziyindilinga, ezimnyama.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Amaphiko e-3.2m yiphiko elide kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi inyoni yomhlaba.
Ama-condor ase-Andean ukuphela kwezinhlobo emndenini wakwaCathartidae ezibonisa ukufiphala okunzima kwezocansi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama, abesilisa be-Andean condor bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa banekama elikhulu, abesifazane abangenalo. Ubulili bezinyoni buyehluka ngombala wamehlo, abesilisa banabafundi abansundu, kanti abesifazane banezibomvu. Bobabili ubulili banamandla okushintsha umbala wesikhumba esidaluliwe entanyeni nasebusweni kuye ngemizwa yabo. Isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu kanye nemiboniso ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-condor yase-Andes ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Ihlala kuphi i-condor yase-Andes?
Isithombe: I-Andean Condor Bird
ICondor itholakala eNingizimu Melika e-Andes, kanye nasezintabeni zaseSanta Marta. Ukusuka enyakatho, ububanzi bayo buqala ukusuka eVenezuela naseColombia, lapho le nyoni ingandile kakhulu, ngemuva kwalokho yelulelwa eningizimu ngase-Andes yase-Ecuador + ePeru + eChile, idlula iBolivia ne-Argentina iye eTierra del Fuego uqobo. Ngekhulu le-19, i-condor yase-Andean yatholakala yonke indawo kusuka eVenezuela kuya eTierra del Fuego, kepha ibanga lehliswa kakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Enethiwekhi exubile yezintaba ezise-Andes of Colombia nase-Ecuador, kukholakala ukuthi amanani ezinyoni ayancipha. Abantu bafinyelela ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeNyakatho yePeru Peru, lapho bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu zamathafa aphakeme, izingwadule nezindawo ezisogwini.
Indawo ehlala kuyo ikakhulukazi inezindawo ezivulekile zotshani nezindawo eziphakeme eziphakeme kuze kufike ku-5000m. Ikhetha izindawo ezivulekile, ezingenamahlathi ezivumela ukuthi ibone izidumbu ezisemoyeni, njenge-paramo noma izindawo ezinamadwala. Ama-conde ase-Ande ahlala futhi akhe isidleke emadwaleni ezinhlakeni ezincane zamadwala noma emihumeni. Zisebenzisa imisinga yokushisa ukuze zikhuphuke futhi zikhuphuke amahora ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu ekufuneni kwazo ukudla.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-condor yaseAndes itholakala emathafeni asempumalanga yeBolivia, enyakatho yePeru naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBrazil, le nyoni yehlela ezindaweni eziwugwadule zaseChile + ePeru futhi itholakala emahlathini ama-beech aseningizimu ePatagonia. Eningizimu yePatagonia, izindawo ezinotshani zibalulekile kuma-condor ase-Andes, njengoba imifino edla imfuyo ingaba khona kule ndawo. Kule ndawo, uhla lwama-condor e-Andes luthonywa ubukhona bezimfunda, kanye namatshe okuhlala izidleke nokuhlala ubusuku bonke.
Ngabe i-Andor condor idlani?
Isithombe: I-Great Andean Condor
Leli nenqe livame ukubambisana ebudlelwaneni obuzuzisayo lapho lizingelwa namanqe we-turkey nama-catharts amnyama aseMelika, afuna inyamazane ngephunga, kuyilapho ama-conde ase-Andes ezwa ukudla ngokubukeka. Ama-condor amakhulu ase-Andean akulungele kangcono ukuklebhula isikhumba esiqinile sesilwane esisanda kubulawa noma esifile. Amanqe amancane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayazuza ekusebenzeni kwe-condor futhi adle okusele kwesidumbu esisanda kutholakala.
Kuleli khulu leminyaka elidlule, kube noshintsho lwezemvelo ekutholakaleni kokudla okuvamile kwezinhlobo zomdabu ebangeni eliningi le-conde laseAndes. Zonke zithathelwa indawo yizilwane ezifuywayo njengezinkomo, amahhashi, izimvu, izimbuzi. Futhi nalabo abasetshenziselwa ukuzingela ezemidlalo (onogwaja, izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle nezinyamazane).
Ukudla kwasekuqaleni kwama-condeas aseAndes kwakungu:
- ama-llamas;
- ama-alpaca;
- i-rhea;
- i-guanaco;
- armadillos.
Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane manje sezithathelwa indawo yizilwane ezifuywayo.I-Andean condor ibuye idle izidumbu zemikhomo nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu ezindaweni ezisogwini. Ngokuyinhloko zingamaduna, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zizingela izimbila, izinyoni nonogwaja, kwesinye isikhathi zihlasela izidleke zezinyoni ezincane ukuze zidle amaqanda.
Ama-condor ase-Andes awanazo izindlela zokuzingela ezithuthuke kahle, kepha angajaha futhi abambe inyamazane ephilayo, lapho eqala khona ukondla ngaphambi kokuba isilwane sife. Ama-conde e-Andean abamba inyamazane yawo ngokuma kuwo, njengoba engenayo imilenze eqinile, eqinile onayo izilwane eziningi ezizingelayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho usondela esidunjini esisha, ama-Andean condors avame ukuqala ukudwengula isilwane eduze kwendunu bese siqonda ekhanda. Into yokuqala oyidlayo imvamisa isibindi, bese kuba yimisipha. Akukho mizamo ebalulekile eyenziwe ukuvula ugebhezi nokudla ubuchopho.
Ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zebanga, ama-condor ase-Andes abhekene nokwehla okukhulu kwamanani ahlobene nezinkinga zokudla. Ama-condeas aseAndean avame ukushiywa ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku ezimbalwa, bese edla ukudla okuningi kakhulu kangangoba awakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni. Bahlala engxenyeni ebalulekile yemvelo, bedla izidumbu ezingaba yindawo yokuzalanisa izifo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: i-Andean condor indiza
Ziyizinyoni ezizodwa ezizwana impilo yonke. Ziyasebenza emini. Njengabantu abadala nentsha, izinyoni zihlala ndawonye emabhentshini nakuma-slabs okuphumula, kepha azaleli lapho njengamanye amanqe. Inani elikhulu (izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-196) lama-condor labonakala ezindaweni zomphakathi ePatagonia nase-Argentina. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokungcebeleka kuyanda ehlobo nasekwindla.
Ukuxhumana komphakathi ezindaweni zokungenisa kukhombisa isikhundla sokubusa: abesilisa babusa abesifazane futhi abantu abadala babusa izingane. Lokhu kuziphatha okuvelele kuholele ekwahlukaneni kwezindawo zokulala, lapho izinyoni eziphakeme ezikhundleni eziphezulu ikakhulu zisezikhundleni ezihamba phambili ngokukhanya kwelanga okuhle nokuvikelwa emoyeni.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Njengamanqe amaningi eNew World, ama-conde ase-Andean anomkhuba wokuzikhulula ngezinyawo zawo, okwenza inyoni ihambe njalo izinyawo zayo zimbozwe amadiphozi amhlophe e-uric acid. Abanye ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ngale ndlela umphumela wokupholisa utholakala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunangqondo endaweni yezinyoni ebandayo yase-Andes.
Lapho i-condor yaseAndes isuka, amaphiko ayo abanjwa amile futhi izimpaphe zayo eziyinhloko zigobele phezulu emaphethelweni. Ishaya amaphiko ayo lapho iphakama isuka phansi, kepha, lapho isifinyelele ezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, kuyaqabukela iqhubeka nokushaya amaphiko ayo, incike ezintweni ezishisayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Andean Condor
Ama-condor ama-Andean angakhetha indawo yokwakha isidleke bese ehlala eduze kwawo izinyanga ezimbili nohhafu ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhwelana. Lapho isikhathi sokubekela amaqanda siqala ukusondela, insikazi iqala ukuhlala kancane kancane eduze naseduze kwesidleke, ize ihlale ubusuku bonke ngaphakathi kuyo.
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, owesilisa uqala ngokwelula amaphiko akhe nokufaka intamo yakhe entanyeni. Intamo nesikhumba sayo kuguqula umbala ophuzi ngokugqamile. Usondela kowesifazane enamaphiko avulekile, intambo evulekile futhi egobile. Owesilisa ujikela kancane kwesobunxele nangakwesokudla lapho eya ngasifazane, naye ongakwazi ukwelula izimpiko zakhe futhi alingise indlela aziphatha ngayo. Ukuqomisana nokukhwelana kuhlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nendima yabesilisa njengomlingani ovelele nokulethwa kowesifazane kuye.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Isikhathi sokukhwelana siyahluka ngokwendawo, kepha imvamisa kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJuni. I-Andean condor akuyona inyoni efudukayo, ngakho-ke amaphethini wonyaka ahluka kakhulu emikhawulweni yasenyakatho naseningizimu yebanga labo. Isikhathi sokuzalisa kungenzeka futhi sihluke ngokuya ngekhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala nokutholakala kokudla.
Ama-condor amaningi ase-Andean awazakhi izidleke, kepha abeka iqanda elilodwa eqandeni elingenalutho. Amanye amalungu ezinhlobo aqoqa izinduku eziningana ukuze asakazeke phezu konqenqema. Amaqanda anombala omhlophe ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anesisindo esingaba ngu-280 g futhi anobude obungu-7.6 kuya ku-10.1 cm.Iqanda elilodwa lifukanyelwa izinsuku ezingama-54-58. Bobabili abazali banakekela amaphuphu baze bandize lapho beneminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwengu-7 ubudala. Amachwane ahlala nabazali bawo kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, lapho lezi zibhangqwana ziqala ukuzala futhi. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-6-11 yobudala.
Izitha zemvelo zama-conde Andes
Isithombe: I-Andean Condor Bird
Ama-condor abantu abadala aphilile awanazo izidalwa ezizingelayo zemvelo. Amachwane amancane angaba yizisulu zezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama noma izimpungushe. Amaqanda kuyaqabukela athathwe yizilwane ezidla ezinye ngoba omunye wabazali uhlala esidlekeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidleke se-Andean sidla onqenqema lwamatshe olungafinyeleleki, lapho zivikeleke khona kunoma yikuphi ukuhlaselwa. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni zihlala esidlekeni ezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula ukungena emhlabeni. Ziyaziwa ngokuvikela ngokundlongondlongo izidleke zazo ezilwaneni ezingabahlasela.
Izilwane eziyinhloko:
- izimpungushe;
- izinyoni ezizingelayo.
Ama-conde aseAndean athanda ukondla izilwane ezinkulu, ezifile, futhi kwesinye isikhathi azingela amalungu agulayo nawalimele ezilwane. Iningi lohlobo lwendabuko ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Andes seluthathelwe indawo yizinhlobo ezifuywayo ezifana namaLlamas, izinkomo, amahhashi, izimvu nezimbuzi, manje ezakha iningi lokudla kwama-condor. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni abanye abalimi nabafuyi bababheke njengezilokazane ezihlupha imfuyo yabo.
Ubuthi bezinyoni buye buvamile kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, kepha manje sebungaphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda komphakathi nokuqashelwa kwama-condor ase-Andes njengezimpawu zesifunda. Ngokwesiko lasendulo lamaInca lasePeru, i-condor imele enye yezindawo ezintathu zokuphila - izulu; ngenkathi i-jaguar imele umhlaba nenyoka imele abaphansi. Lezi zinkomba ezintathu zamasiko zivela kuwo wonke umphakathi we-Inca, kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwawo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-condor yase-Andes
Le nhlobo inabantu abambalwa kakhulu emhlabeni, okusolwa ukuthi yehla ngokushesha okukhulu ngenxa yokushushiswa kwabantu. Ngakho-ke, ihlukaniswa njengengcuphe. Isongelwa ikakhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho yobubanzi bayo, futhi kuyaqabukela eVenezuela naseColombia. Njengoba le nyoni inokufa okuphansi kakhulu, kepha amazinga okuzala aphansi kakhulu.
Lezi zinhlobo zisengozini enkulu kwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi bayo, njengoba abantu bejaha le nyoni ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwemfuyo. Ukwanda kwezokuvakasha ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseChile naseArgentina kuholele ekwehlisweni kokushushiswa, kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwalezi zinhlobo kwezokuvakasha kwezemvelo. Ukuphoyiswa kwamabhubesi asezintabeni nezimpungushe ngenxa yalokho kungaphazamisa lolu hlobo kwezinye izindawo. E-Argentina, ama-condor ancike kakhulu ezidunjini ezidla imfuyo ezingajwayelekile, ezenza u-98.5% wokudla kwazo, okubenza babe sengozini yezinguquko ekufuyweni kwemfuyo. Umncintiswano we-Interspecific wezidumbu ezindaweni ezifanayo ungaba nemiphumela emibi kubantu be-condor.
Ama-conde e-Andean angenye yezinyoni ezindizayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukusinda kwabo endaweni yabo yemvelo kubalulekile kwezemvelo. Ama-condor ase-Andean nawo abonakala kaningi ema-zoo, futhi ayisilwane esidumile sombukiso ngenxa yesimo sawo. Zibe ngumthombo obalulekile wokufundisa ama-zoo ukuthola ulwazi ekuzalelweni kwabathunjwa bama-condor amakhulu.
I-Andean Condor Guard
Isithombe: I-condor ye-Andean evela eRed Book
I-condor yase-Andes iwuphawu lukazwelonke lwamazwe amaningi ebanga. Le nyoni ibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezinganekwaneni nasemlandweni wezifunda zase-Andes. I-condor yase-Andean ibhekwa njengengcuphe futhi ibhalwe njengezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ulinyazwa ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nobuthi yizidumbu zezilwane ezinobuthi. Izinhlelo zokuzalela abathunjiwe sethulwe emazweni amaningana.
Izinhlelo zokwenziwa kabusha kwezithunjwa zokukhipha izinyoni ezichanyuselwe ema-zoo aseNyakatho Melika endle ukuxhasa abantu bendawo sethulwe e-Argentina, eVenezuela naseColombia. Iphuphu lokuqala lase-Andean le-condor elathunjwa lathunyelwa endle ngo-1989.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho kukhula ama-condor, ukuxhumana nabantu kuncane. Amantshontsho ondliwa ngonodoli begilavu, afana nezinyoni ezindala zalesi silwane, ukudikibala amachwane ekujwayeleni abantu, okungababeka engcupheni yama-condor uma esekhishiwe, ngoba ngeke esabe abantu. Ama-condor akhishiwe alandelwa yisathelayithi ukuqapha ukunyakaza kwawo nokubheka ukuthi ayaphila yini.
I-Andean condor okusohlwini lweSithasiselo I kanye neSithasiselo II se-CITES. Imisebenzi ye-Andean yokongiwa kwemvelo iqukethe ukubalwa kwabantu, okusebenzisa izithombe / amavidiyo ukukhomba inyoni ngayinye ezindaweni zokondla. Ukutadisha ukunyakaza okukhulu kwezinyoni kanye nomthelela ongaba khona wama-condor ekukhiqizeni imfuyo.Kanye nokuziphatha kwezingxoxo ezichazayo nabalimi ukuze kuncishiswe ukushushiswa kwalezi zinyoni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 28.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/30/2019 ngo-21: 25
