UTerafosa mhlophe, noma i-goliath tarantula, iyinkosi yezicabucabu. Le tarantula iyi-arachnid enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Imvamisa abadli izinyoni, kepha bakhulu ngokwanele ukuthi bakwazi - futhi kwesinye isikhathi bayakwenza. Igama elithi "tarantula" livela embhalweni wekhulu le-18 oveza uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-tarantula edla i-hummingbird, eyanika lonke uhlobo lohlobo lwe-teraphosis igama elithi tarantula.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Terafosa blond
I-Theraphosa blondi iyisicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kokubili ngesisindo nangosayizi, kepha isicabucabu esikhulu sokuzingela sinesikhala somlenze esikhudlwana. Lezi zinsimbi ezisindayo zingaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwe-170g futhi zifike ku-28cm ngaphesheya nezidladla zazo zihlukanisiwe. Ngokuphikisana nalokho okushiwo yigama lazo, lezi zilwane azivamile ukudla izinyoni.
Wonke ama-arachnids avela ezinhlakeni zamathambo ezahlukahlukene obekufanele zishiye izilwandle eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-450 edlule. Ama-arthropods ashiya izilwandle futhi azinza emhlabeni ukuze ahlole futhi athole imithombo yokudla. I-arachnid yokuqala eyaziwayo kwakungu-trigonotarbide. Kuthiwa yavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-420-290 edlule. Yayibukeka ifana nezicabucabu zesimanje, kepha yayingenazo izindlala ezikhiqiza usilika. Njengezinhlobo zesicabucabu ezinkulu kunazo zonke, i-teraphosis blond ingumthombo wobucayi nokwesaba kwabantu.
Ividiyo: UTerafosa blond
La ma-arachnid aguqulelwe kahle ngendlela emangalisayo ukuze aphile futhi empeleni anezindlela eziningi zokuzivikela:
- Umsindo - Lezi zigcawu azinawo amazwi, kepha lokho akusho ukuthi azikwazi ukwenza umsindo. Uma besongelwa, bazogcoba ama-bristles ezandleni zabo, okwenza umsindo ozwakalayo. Lokhu kubizwa nge- "stridulation" futhi kusetshenziswa njengemizamo yokwethusa abazingelayo;
- ukulunywa - ungacabanga ukuthi ukuvikela okukhulu kwesicabucabu kungaba ngamazinyo aso amakhulu, kepha lezi zidalwa zisebenzisa enye indlela yokuzivikela lapho zibukwa yizilwane ezidlayo. Bangakwazi ukugcoba nokukhulula izinwele ezinhle esiswini sabo. Le nwele evulekile icasula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila lomzingeli, njengekhala, umlomo namehlo;
- igama - yize igama lakhe elithi "tarantula" livela kumcwaningi obuke isicabucabu esisodwa sidla inyoni, i-teraphosis blonde imvamisa ayizidli izinyoni. Izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezinomgogodla kungaba isisulu esinzima sokubamba. Yize bekwazi ukubamba badle inyamazane enkulu, uma benikezwa ithuba. Imvamisa badla ukudla okulula kakhulu njengezibungu, izinambuzane, nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini;
- Indawo yokukhosela - Enye indlela yokuvikela izilwane ezidla ezinye ukuba nezindawo zokucasha eziphumelelayo. Emini, lezi zidalwa zibalekela endaweni yazo ephephile. Uma kuhlwa, ziyavela zizingele izilwane ezincane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-terafosa blond
I-Terafosa blond iyinhlobo enkulu kakhulu ye-tarantula. Njengawo wonke ama-tarantula, anesisu esikhulu ne-cephalothorax encane. Intsumpa yalesi sigcawu itholakala ekugcineni kwesisu, kanti ama-canines aphambi kwe-cephalothorax yaso. Banama-canine amakhulu kakhulu, ubude bawo obungafika kuma-cm 4. I-canine ngayinye inikezwa ubuthi, kepha ithambile futhi ayinabungozi kubantu uma ingezwani.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Umbala we-blond's teraphosis ikakhulukazi usebenzisa imibala ekhanyayo ensundu, okunikeza isithombe sokuthi aqale abe yigolide, futhi kwesinye isikhathi omnyama utholakala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakhe. Konke kuncike endaweni lapho bahlangana khona.
Njengawo wonke ama-tarantula, i-teraphosis ye-blond inama-canine amakhulu ngokwanele ukuluma ngesikhumba somuntu (1.9-3.8 cm). Baphatha ubuthi emazinyweni abo futhi baziwa ngokuluma lapho besongelwa, kepha ubuthi abunabungozi kangako, futhi nemiphumela yabo ifana naleyo yomunyu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho besatshiswa, bahlikihla isisu sabo ngemilenze yabo yangemuva bese bekhulula izinwele, okuyizinto ezicasula kakhulu isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Banezinwele ezidayiwe ezingaba yingozi ngisho nakubantu, futhi abanye bababheka njengabayingozi kunazo zonke ezidala ukuthi izinwele ze-tarantula zishe. I-Terafosa blond ivame ukuluma abantu kuphela ekuzivikeleni, futhi lokhu kulunywa akuholeli njalo envenomation (lokho okubizwa nge- "dry bite").
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Therafosa blonde inamehlo angaboni kahle futhi ithembela kakhulu ekudlidlizeni emhlabathini ekwazi ukukuzwa ngaphakathi komgodi wayo.
Njengama-tarantula amaningi, ama-teraphoses blondes ahlala akhiqiza isikhumba esisha futhi achitha isikhumba esidala, njengezinyoka. Inqubo okwenzeka ngayo i-molting nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukubuyisa izitho ezilahlekile. Uma i-teraphosis blond ilahlekelwa yizidladla, inyusa ingcindezi yoketshezi emzimbeni wayo ukuze iphume engxenyeni yegobolondo noma egobolondweni eliqinile elimboze isilwane.
Ube esepompa uketshezi olusuka emzimbeni wakhe alungenise emlenzeni ukuze aphoqe isikhumba esidala ukuba sihlukane futhi sakhe isikhumba esisha esinjengomlenze olahlekile, ogcwala uketshezi luze lube yiduku eliqinile. Isicabucabu bese sibuyisa ingxenye elahlekile yegobolondo laso. Le nqubo ingathatha amahora ambalwa, futhi isicabucabu sikhona esimweni esibucayi, izingxenye zaso eziveziwe zinokuthungwa okwenjoloba, kuze kube sivuselelwa ngokuphelele.
Ihlala kuphi i-terafosa blonde?
Isithombe: Spider terafosa blond
I-Terafosa blonde idabuka enyakatho yeNingizimu Melika. Batholakale eBrazil, eVenezuela, eSuriname, eFrench Guiana naseGuyana. Uhla lwabo olukhulu lusehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon. Lezi zinhlobo azenzeki ngokwemvelo noma kuphi emhlabeni, kepha ziyagcinwa futhi zizalelwe ekuthunjweni. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-tarantula, lezi zidalwa zihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ashisayo aseNingizimu Melika. Ikakhulu, bahlala emahlathini emvula anezintaba. Ezinye zezindawo eziyizintandokazi zazo zingamaxhaphozi akhiwe ehlathini eliminyene. Bamba imigodi enhlabathini ethambile emanzi futhi bacashe kuyo.
Lezi zinhlobo kufanele zigcinwe endaweni enkulu kakhulu, okungcono kakhulu ku-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-75. Ngoba bathembele emigodini engaphansi komhlaba ukulala, kufanele babe ne-substrate ejulile ngokwanele ukuze ibavumele ukuthi bambe kalula, njenge-peat moss noma i-mulch. Ngaphezu kwemigodi yabo, bathanda ukuba nezinqolobane eziningi kuyo yonke indawo abahlala kuyo. Zingondliwa ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kepha kufanele zinikezwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngesisulu esikhulu, njengamagundane.
I-terrarium kufanele ishintshwe ukuze i-tarantula ingafi ngokucindezeleka. Ziyindawo enkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzigcina zodwa endaweni yakho uma unamanye ama-tarantula ekhaya lakho. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-tarantula zinamehlo angaboni kahle, ngakho ukukhanyisa i-terrarium akudingekile. Bathanda izindawo ezimnyama, futhi njengoba ukuhlobisa kukuwe, kufanele ubanikeze isikhala esanele sokucasha emini (bayasebenza ebusuku futhi bazolala usuku lonke).
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona i-teraphosis blond. Ake sibone ukuthi lesi sidlakudla sidlani.
Idla ini i-terafosa blond?
Isithombe: Terafosa blond eBrazil
Ama-blondes ama-Terafose ikakhulukazi adla izibungu nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Endle, noma kunjalo, ukudla kwazo kuhluka kancane, njengoba kungezinye zezilwane ezinkulu ezidla izinhlobo zazo, zingadlula izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Bazosizakala ngalokhu futhi bazodla cishe noma yini enkulu kunabo.
Izikelemu zenza ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwalolu hlobo. Bangadla izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezinkulu, ezinye izibungu, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, nokuningi. Esinye isisulu esingajwayelekile esingazidla zihlanganisa izibankwa, izinyoni, amagundane, amaxoxo amakhulu nezinyoka. Ziyi-omnivores futhi zizodla okuthile okuncane ngokwanele ukukubamba. Ama-blondes e-Teraphosis awakhethi kakhulu ngokudla kwawo, ngakho-ke ungawanikeza amakhilikithi, amaphela, kanye namagundane ngezikhathi ezithile. Bazodla cishe noma yini engekho ngaphezu kwabo.
Ngakho-ke, i-teraphosa blond imvamisa ayizidli izinyoni. Njengamanye ama-tarantula, ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, lolu hlobo luvame ukubulala futhi ludle izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla. Endle, izinhlobo ezinkulu ziye zabonakala zidla amagundane, amaxoxo, izibankwa, amalulwane, ngisho nezinyoka ezinesihlungu.
Ekuthunjweni, ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-teraphosis blonde kufanele kube namaphela. Abantu abadala nabancane bangaphakelwa amakhilikithi noma amaphela angadluli ubude bomzimba wabo. Ukondliwa njalo kwamagundane akunconywa ngoba lokhu kudla kuqukethe i-calcium eyeqile, engaba yingozi noma ibulale ne-tarantula.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Big terafosa blond
Ama-blondes e-Teraphosis asebusuku, okusho ukuthi asebenza kakhulu ebusuku. Zichitha isikhathi sasemini ziphephile emgodini wazo futhi ziyaphuma ebusuku zizingela inyamazane. Lezi zidalwa zinesizungu futhi ziyaxhumana nomunye kuphela ngokuzala. Ngokungafani namanye ama-arachnid amaningi, abesifazane balolu hlobo abazami ukubulala futhi kukhona abalingani abangaba khona.
I-Teraphoses blondes iphila isikhathi eside ngisho nasendle. Njengenjwayelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-tarantula, abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuqala engu-3/6 yokuphila futhi baziwa ngokuphila cishe iminyaka eyi-15-25. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa abakwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside kangako, isikhathi sabo sokuphila esiyiminyaka eyi-3-6, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bafa ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokufinyelela ekuvuthweni.
Le tarantula ayinabo neze ubungani, ungalindeli ukuthi abantu ababili bohlobo olufanayo bangaba khona ehhokweni elifanayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ziyindawo enkulu futhi zingaba nolaka kalula, ngakho-ke into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuba ube munye kuphela wabo endaweni efanayo. Yizinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-tarantula ezaziwa kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi futhi zishesha kakhulu futhi zinolaka ngokwemvelo, ngeke uthande ukubhekana nazo uma ungenakho okuhlangenwe nakho okufanelekile, futhi noma ngabe ujwayelene nama-tarantula, akunconywa ukuthi ugijimele ku-teraphosis blonde. Bayakwazi ukwenza umsindo othile lapho bezwa ingozi, engazwakala ngisho nasekude kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-poizous teraphosis blond
Abesifazane be-teraphosis blond baqala ukwakha inetha ngemuva kokuzala bese bebeka kusuka kumaqanda angama-50 kuye kwangama-200 kuwo. Amaqanda avundiswa ngesidoda esiqoqwe kusuka ekuhlanganyeleni ngemuva kokushiya umzimba wakhe, kunokuba kuvundiswe ngaphakathi. Insikazi isonga amaqanda ayo ngemicu futhi iphethe nesikhwama samaqanda ukuwavikela. Amaqanda azoqandusela kwizicabucabu ezincane emasontweni ayi-6-8. Kungathatha iminyaka emi-2-3 ngaphambi kokuthi izicabucabu ezisencane zifinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokocansi nokuzala.
Ngaphambi kokuphela kokukhwelana, abesifazane bazodla ithani lokudla ngoba bazovikela kuphela isikhwama samaqanda ngemuva kokuthi sebekwenzile. Bazosebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi bemvikela ngemuva kokuqedela ukukhwelana futhi bazoba nolaka olukhulu uma uzama ukusondela kuye. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhwelana, ungabona "ukulwa" phakathi kwazo zombili izicabucabu.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Yize ama-tarantula amaningi esifazane ezinye izinhlobo edla abalingani bawo ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kwenqubo, ama-blondes e-teraphosis awenzi. Owesifazane akayona ingozi yangempela kowesilisa futhi usazophila ngemuva kokuqhutshwa kokulingiswa. Kodwa-ke, abesilisa bafa ngokushesha nje lapho sebekhule ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke akuyona into engavamile ukuthi bafe ngokushesha lapho ukuqeda sekuqedile.
Izitha zemvelo ze-teraphosis blond
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-terafosa blond
Yize isongelwa kancane endle, i-teraphosis ye-blonde inezitha zemvelo, njenge:
- i-tarantula hawk;
- ezinye izinyoka;
- amanye ama-tarantula.
Izibankwa ezinkulu nezinyoka zidla i-teraphosis blond ngezikhathi ezithile, yize kufanele zikhethe ngesicabucabu ngasinye esikhetha ukusijaha. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-tarantula angadla izibankwa noma izinyoka - ngisho nezinkulu kakhulu. Oklebe, izinkozi, nezikhova nakho kudla ngezikhathi ezithile kuma-teraphosis blondes.
Esinye sezitha eziyinhloko ze-teraphosis blonde yi-tarantula hawk. Lesi sidalwa sifuna i-tarantula, sithole umgodi waso bese sikhipha isicabucabu. Ngemuva kwalokho ingena ngaphakathi bese iluma isicabucabu endaweni esengozini, ngokwesibonelo, ekuhlanganeni komlenze. Lapho nje i-tarantula ikhubazekile kusuka kubuthi beminyovu, i-tarantula hawk iyayihudulela emgodini wayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ize iye nasemgodini wayo. Umnyovu ubeka iqanda kusicabucabu bese uvala umgodi. Lapho isibungu seminyovu sichanyuselwa, sidla i-teraphosis blonde bese siphuma emgodini njengomnyovu ovuthiwe ngokuphelele.
Ezinye izimpukane zizalela amaqanda ku-teraphosis blond. Lapho amaqanda echanyuselwa, izibungu zingena ngesicabucabu, zisidla ngaphakathi. Lapho zidlala futhi ziphenduka izimpukane, ziqhekeza isisu se-tarantula, zisibulale. Imikhaza emincane nayo idla ama-tarantula, yize engavamisile ukubangela ukufa. Izicabucabu zisengozini enkulu ngesikhathi se-molt lapho zibuthaka futhi azikwazi ukuhamba kahle kakhulu. Izinambuzane ezincane zingabulala kalula i-tarantula ngesikhathi se-molting. I-exoskeleton iyaqina futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu sesicabucabu ngumuntu nokubhujiswa kwendawo yakhe yokuhlala.
Lezi zigcawu azilimazi abantu, empeleni, kwesinye isikhathi zigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Banobuthi obuncane impela ekulungeni kwabo futhi izinwele zabo ezicasulayo zingadala ukucasuka uma wethukile. Abantu baba usongo olukhulu kakhulu ku-blond teraphosis. ENyakatho-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, abantu bendawo bazingela futhi badle lawa ma-arachnids. Zilungiswa ngokushisa izinwele ezicasulayo nangokuthosa isicabucabu emaqabunga kabhanana, afana nezinye izinhlobo ze-tarantula. Lezi zigcawu nazo ziqoqelwa ukuhweba ngezilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Terafosa blond
I-Therafosa blond ayikakahlolwa yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Inani labantu libhekwa njengokuzinza impela, kepha izinhlobo zihlala zisongelwa ngokusinda. Ama-teraphoses amaningi amhlophe abanjelwe ukuhweba ngezilwane.
Ukubamba i-teraphosis blond ephilayo kungumsebenzi onzima, futhi abantu abaningi balolu hlobo bafa lapho abathengisi bezama ukuzibamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathengisi bavame ukubamba izicabucabu ezinkulu ngenzuzo ethe xaxa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abesifazane abadala abaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-25 futhi bazalela izinkulungwane zamaqanda ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo babanjwa ikakhulu lapho bekhula baba bankulu kunabesilisa.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala nakho kubeka engcupheni enkulu i-blond teraphosis. Abantu bendawo baphinde bazingele i-terafosa blonde enkulu, njengoba bekuyingxenye yokudla kwasendaweni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Yize inani labantu lizinzile, ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo basola ukuthi i-teraphosis ye-blond ingaba sengcupheni kungekudala. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokonga azikakaqali.
Emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, ungathola i-terafosa blond njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Yize kuyizidalwa eziluthayo ngokumangazayo futhi zingadonsela noma ngubani, ukuba nazo njengezilwane ezifuywayo akuyona into enhle. Lezi zidalwa zinobuhlungu, amazinyo alingana nezinzipho zengulule, nezinye izindlela eziningi zokuzivikela. Zasendle, futhi ukuba nazo njengezilwane ezifuywayo akulutho ngaphandle kokuzibangela inkathazo. Banolaka olukhulu futhi babagcina endaweni yezinyoni ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sompetha badikibele kakhulu. Zinhle endle futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo.
UTerafosa mhlophe Kubhekwa njengesicabucabu sesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni (singaphansi kwesicabucabu esikhulu somzingeli ngokuya ngezidladla) futhi singaba sikhulu ngobukhulu. Uhlala emigodini ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi ezisenyakatho yeNingizimu Melika.Idla izinambuzane, amagundane, amalulwane, izinyoni ezincane, izibankwa, amaxoxo nezinyoka. Akuzona izilwane ezifuywayo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqala ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu nobumnene bezinzwa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.01.
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 12.09.2019 ngo-15: 49
