Imithombo yamanzi yoMhlaba iqukethe amanzi angaphansi komhlaba namanzi angaphezulu kweplanethi. Azisetshenziswa ngabantu nezilwane kuphela, kodwa futhi ziyadingeka ezinkambisweni zemvelo ezahlukahlukene. Amanzi (i-H2O) ayamanzi, aqinile, noma anegesi. Ingqikithi yayo yonke imithombo yamanzi yakha i-hydrosphere, okungukuthi, igobolondo lamanzi, elenza ama-79.8% womhlaba. Siqukethe:
- izilwandle;
- izilwandle;
- imifula;
- amachibi;
- amaxhaphozi;
- amadamu okufakelwa;
- amanzi angaphansi komhlaba;
- umusi womkhathi;
- umswakama emhlabathini;
- ikhava yeqhwa;
- izinguzunga zeqhwa.
Ukuze kugcinwe impilo, abantu kumele baphuze amanzi nsuku zonke. Amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela alungele lokhu, kepha kwiplanethi yethu angaphansi kuka-3%, kepha manje kuphela ngu-0.3% kuphela otholakalayo. Izinqolobane ezinkulu zamanzi okuphuza ziseRussia, eBrazil naseCanada.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi
Amanzi avele eMhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5 edlule, futhi awunakunakwa nganoma yimuphi omunye umthombo. I-hydrosphere ingeyomcebo ongapheli womhlaba, ngaphandle kwalokho, ososayensi basungule indlela yokwenza amanzi anosawoti ahlanzekile ukuze asetshenziselwe ukuphuza.
Imithombo yamanzi ayidingeki nje kuphela ukuxhasa impilo yabantu, i-flora nezilwane, kepha futhi iphakela nomoya-mpilo ngesikhathi senqubo ye-photosynthesis. Futhi, amanzi adlala indima enkulu ekwakhekeni kwesimo sezulu. Abantu basebenzisa lo mthombo obaluleke kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke, kwezolimo nakwezimboni. Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi emadolobheni amakhulu umuntu usebenzisa cishe amalitha angama-360 amanzi ngosuku, futhi lokhu kubandakanya ukusebenzisa amapayipi, indle, ukupheka nokuphuza, ukuhlanza indlu, ukuwasha, ukuchelela izitshalo, ukuwasha izimoto, ukucisha imililo, njll.
Inkinga yokungcola kwe-Hydrosphere
Enye yezinkinga zomhlaba jikelele ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Imithombo yokungcola kwamanzi:
- amanzi angcolile asendlini nasezimbonini;
- imikhiqizo kaphethiloli;
- ukungcwatshwa kwezinto ezinamakhemikhali neze-radioactive emzimbeni wamanzi;
- imvula ene-asidi;
- ukuthumela;
- imfucuza eqinile kamasipala.
Emvelweni kunesimo esinjengokuzihlanza kwemizimba yamanzi, kepha isici se-anthropogenic sithonya i-biosphere kangangokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imifula, amachibi, izilwandle zibuyiselwa nzima ngokwengeziwe. Amanzi angcola, angakulungeli ukuphuza nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kuphela, kepha futhi nempilo yezilwane zasolwandle, imifula, izinhlobo zasolwandle zezilwane nezilwane. Ukwenza ngcono isimo semvelo, futhi ikakhulukazi i-hydrosphere, kuyadingeka ukuthi usebenzise ngokufanele imithombo yamanzi, uwasindise futhi wenze izindlela zokuvikela imizimba yamanzi.
