I-Arabian Oryx ngesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo zasogwadule esikhulu esifundeni sase-Arabia futhi kube yinto ebalulekile yamagugu aso kuwo wonke umlando. Ngemuva kokuqothuka endle, iphinda ihlale eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia eyomile. Lolu hlobo luyizinhlwathi zasogwadule olujwayelene kakhulu nemvelo yalo ewugwadule enokhahlo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Arabian Oryx
Cishe eminyakeni engama-40 eyedlule, i-oryx yokugcina yasendle yase-Arabia, inyamazane enkulu enokhilimu enezimpondo ezimnyama ezishayayo, yafinyelela ogwadule lwase-Oman - yadutshulwa ngumzingeli. Ukuzingela nokungazingeli ngokungalawuleki kwaholela ekuqothulweni kokuqala kwezilwane. Ngemuva kwalokho, abantu basindiswa babuyiselwa futhi.
Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kwabantu base-Omani abasanda kwethulwa e-Arabian oryx ngo-1995 kwaqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abasanda kwethulwa babengenazo zonke izinhlobo zofuzo zabantu bomdabu. Kodwa-ke, akukho nhlangano etholakele phakathi kwama-coefficients of inbreeding kanye nezakhi zokuqina, yize izinhlangano zitholakale phakathi kwamazinga okuhlukahluka kwe-DNA ye-microsatellite nokusinda kwezinsizwa, okukhombisa ukuthi ingcindezi yokuzalanisa nokuzalanisa. Izinga eliphakeme lokukhula kwabantu bangaphakathi e-Oman lisikisela ukuthi ukuzalanisa ngasikhathi sinye akulona usongo olukhulu ekusebenzeni kwabantu.
Ividiyo: I-Arabian Oryx
Idatha yezofuzo ikhombise ukuthi umehluko ophansi kodwa obalulekile wabantu utholakele phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi e-Arabian oryx, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-oryx yase-Arabia kuholele ekuxubeni okubalulekile kofuzo phakathi kwabantu.
Phambilini, abantu babecabanga ukuthi lesi silwane esihle kakhulu sinamakhono omlingo: inyama yesilwane bekufanele inikeze amandla angajwayelekile futhi yenze umuntu angazweli ekomeni. Bekukholelwa nokuthi igazi lisize ekulunyweni yizinyoka. Ngakho-ke, abantu babevame ukuzingela le nhlwathi. Phakathi kwamagama amaningi endawo asetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-oryx yase-Arabia kukhona i-Al-Maha. I-oryx yesifazane inesisindo esingaba ngama-80 kg kanti abesilisa banesisindo esingama-90 kg. Ngezikhathi ezithile, abesilisa bangafinyelela ku-100 kg.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Arabian Oryx iphila iminyaka engama-20 bobabili ekuthunjweni nasendle uma izimo zezemvelo zizinhle. Ngesomiso, isikhathi sokuphila sinciphile kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-Arabian Oryx
I-Arabian Oryx ingenye yezinhlobo ezine zezinhlwathi emhlabeni. Leli yilungu elincane kunazo zonke lohlobo lwe-Oryx. Unomugqa ohlangothini onsundu nomsila omhlophe uphela ngendawo emnyama. Ubuso, izihlathi, nomphimbo wazo kunombala onsundu omnyama, cishe omnyama oqhubeka esifubeni. Abesilisa nabesifazane banezimpondo ezinde, ezincanyana, ezicishe ziqonde, ezimnyama. Zifinyelela ku-50 kuye ku-60 cm ubude. Isisindo esifinyelela ku-90 kg, abesilisa banesisindo esingu-10-20 kg ngaphezu kwabesifazane. Abantu abasha bazalwa bejazi elinsundu eliguqukayo njengoba bekhula. Umhlambi we-Arabian Oryx mncane, ngabantu abayi-8 kuya kwabayi-10 kuphela.
I-Arabian Oryx inengubo emhlophe enezimpawu ezimnyama ebusweni bayo nezidladla zayo nsundu ngokusobala zibe mnyama ngombala. Ijazi lakhe elimhlophe ikakhulukazi likhombisa ukushisa kwelanga ehlobo, kuthi ebusika, izinwele ezisemhlane wakhe zidonswe ukuze zihehe futhi zibambe ukushisa kwelanga. Zinezinselo ezibanzi zamabanga amade kumatravel nesihlabathi esivulekile. Izimpondo ezinjengomkhonto yizikhali ezisetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokulwa.
I-Arabian Oryx yenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlala enhlonhlweni eyomile kakhulu. Bahlala emathafeni amatshe kanye nezindunduma zesihlabathi. Izinselo zazo ezibanzi ziyazivumela ukuba zihambe kalula esihlabathini.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Njengoba isikhumba se-oryx yase-Arabia singenakho ukukhanya noma ukubukeka, kunzima kakhulu ukusibona ngisho nasebangeni lamamitha ayi-100. Kubonakala sengathi cishe azibonakali.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-oryx emhlophe ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi endaweni yakhe yemvelo.
Ihlala kuphi i-Arabian oryx?
Isithombe: I-Arabia Oryx ehlane
Lesi silwane sigcwele iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia. Ngo-1972, i-Arabian Oryx yaphela endle, kodwa yatakulwa ama-zoo nezindawo ezigcinwa ngasese, futhi yabuyiselwa endle kusukela ngo-1980, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abantu basendle manje bahlala kwa-Israel, eSaudi Arabia nase-Oman, nezinhlelo ezingeziwe zokuqalisa kabusha ziyaqhubeka. ... Kungenzeka ukuthi lolu banga luzodlulela nakwamanye amazwe aseNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia.
Iningi lama-Arabian Oryx ahlala e:
- I-Saudi Arabia;
- I-Iraq;
- I-United Arab Emirates;
- Oman;
- Yemen;
- IJordani;
- I-Kuwait.
Lawa mazwe akha iNhlonhlo yase-Arabia. I-Arabian oryx ingatholakala naseGibhithe, elisentshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia, naseSyria, esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Arabian Oryx ihlala ogwadule nasemathafeni awomile e-Arabia, lapho amazinga okushisa efinyelela ku-50 ° C noma emthunzini ehlobo. Lezi zinhlobo zikwazi ukujwayela impilo yezingwadule. Umbala wazo omhlophe ukhombisa ukushisa kwasogwadule nokukhanya kwelanga. Ekuseni okubandayo ebusika, ukushisa komzimba kubhajwe ezingutsheni zangaphansi ezijiyile ukugcina isilwane sifudumele. Ebusika, izidladla zazo ziba mnyama ukuze zikwazi ukuthola ukushisa okwengeziwe elangeni.
Phambilini, i-oryx yase-Arabia yayisabalele, itholakala kulo lonke elase-Arabia naseSinayi Peninsula, eMesopotamiya nasehlane laseSyria. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka izingelwa kuphela ngenkathi ebandayo, ngoba abazingeli bangachitha izinsuku ngaphandle kwamanzi. Kamuva baqala babajaha ngemoto futhi bakhetha nezindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ukuthola izilwane ezindaweni zabo zokucasha. Lokhu kwabhubhisa i-Arabian Oryx, ngaphandle kwamaqembu amancane oGwadule lwaseNafoud naseRubal Khali Desert. Ngo-1962, iSociety for the Conservation of Fauna eLondon yaqalisa i-Operation Oryx futhi yabeka izinyathelo ezinqala zokuyivikela.
Idlani i-Arabian oryx?
Isithombe: Arabian Oryx
I-Arabian oryx yondla kakhulu ngamakhambi, kanye nezimpande, izilimo eziyizigaxa, ama-bulb namakhabe. Baphuza amanzi lapho bewathola, kodwa bangaphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphuza ngoba bangathola wonke umswakama abawudingayo ekudleni okufana no-anyanisi onamanzi namakhabe. Baphinde bathole umswakama kusuka ekufinyeleleni okushiywe emadwaleni nasezimileni ngemuva kwenkungu esindayo.
Ukuhlala ogwadule kunzima ngoba kunzima ukuthola ukudla namanzi. I-Arabian Oryx ihamba kakhulu ukuthola imithombo emisha yokudla namanzi. Ososayensi bathi lesi silwane kubukeka sengathi siyazi lapho lina khona, noma ngabe kukude. I-Arabian Oryx isijwayele ukuhlala ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi isikhathi eside.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-oryx yase-Arabia idla kakhulu ebusuku, lapho izitshalo zimnandi kakhulu ngemuva kokumunca umswakama wasebusuku. Ngesikhathi esomile, i-oryx izomba izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukuze ithole umswakama owudingayo.
I-Arabian Oryx inokuzivumelanisa okuningana okukuvumela ukuthi ihlale izimele emithonjeni yamanzi ehlobo, ngenkathi yenelisa izidingo zayo zamanzi ekudleni kwayo. Isibonelo, ichitha ingxenye eshisayo yosuku, ingasebenzi ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinomthunzi, ikhipha ukushisa komzimba emhlabathini ukwehlisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ekukhuphukeni, nokudla ebusuku ngokukhetha ukudla okunothile emanzini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemetabolism kukhombisile ukuthi umuntu omdala wase-Oryx Arabia usebenzisa i-1.35 kg / ngosuku lwezinto ezomile (494 kg / ngonyaka). Lezi zilwane zingaba nomthelela omubi kubantu uma izindawo zabo zokuhlala zigudluka, njengoba i-Arabian oryx ingadla izitshalo zezolimo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Arabia Oryx antelope
I-Arabian Oryx iyinhlobo ethanda ukuhlangana, yakha imihlambi yabantu abahlanu kuya kwabangama-30 nangaphezulu uma izimo zizinhle. Uma izimo zingezinhle, amaqembu ngokuvamile aqukethe kuphela abesilisa abanebhangqa labesifazane nezingane zabo. Abanye besilisa baphila impilo enesizungu futhi babamba izindawo ezinkulu. Ngaphakathi komhlambi, isikhundla sokubusa senziwa ngezinkulumo zokumisa ezigwema ukulimala kanzima kusuka ezimpondweni ezinde, ezicijile.
Imihlambi enjalo kungenzeka ihlale ndawonye isikhathi eside. I-Oryx iyahambisana kakhulu - imvamisa ephansi yokuhlangana ngolaka ivumela izilwane ukuthi zabelane ngezihlahla ezinomthunzi ezihlukene, ezingachitha ngaphansi kwazo amahora ayisishiyagalombili emini ekushiseni kwasehlobo.
Lezi zilwane zibonakala zikwazi ukuthola izimvula ezindaweni ezikude futhi cishe ziyimizulane, zihamba izindawo ezinkulu zifuna ukukhula okusha okuyigugu ngemuva kwezimvula ezikhathini ezithile. Zisebenza ikakhulukazi ekuseni kakhulu nakusihlwa, ziphumula ngamaqembu emthunzini lapho kukhona ukushisa kwasemini okushisayo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Arabian Oryx inganuka imvula ukude. Lapho iphunga lomoya lisakazeka phansi, insikazi enkulu izohola umhlambi wayo uyofuna utshani obusha obudalwe yimvula.
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, i-Arabian oryx ibaza izingcindezi ezingajulile ngaphansi kwezihlahla ukuphumula nokuphola. Isikhumba sabo esimhlophe naso sisiza ukubonisa ukushisa. Indawo yabo enzima ayikwazi ukuxolela, kanti i-Arabia Oryx ijwayele ukuba nesomiso, izifo, ukulunywa yizinyoka nokuminza.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amantshontsho e-Arabian Oryx
I-Arabian Oryx ingumkhulisi wesithembu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi owesilisa oyedwa owesilisa nabesifazane abaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhwelana. Isikhathi sokuzalwa kwezingane siyahlukahluka. Kodwa-ke, uma izimo zivuma, insikazi ingakhiqiza ithole elilodwa ngonyaka. Insikazi ishiya umhlambi ukuze izale ithole. Ama-Arabian Oryxes awanaso isikhathi sokumisa esinqunyiwe, ngakho-ke ukuzalanisa kwenzeka unyaka wonke.
Abesilisa balwa nabesifazane besebenzisa izimpondo zabo, okungaholela ekulimaleni noma ekufeni. Iningi lokuzalwa emhlambini owethulwe eJordani nase-Oman kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuMeyi. Isikhathi sokumitha sale nhlobo sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-240. Abantu abasha balunyulwa beneminyaka engu-3.5-4.5 izinyanga, kanti abesifazane ekuthunjweni bazala okokuqala lapho beneminyaka engu-2.5-3.5 ubudala.
Ngemuva kwesomiso izinyanga eziyi-18, abesifazane aba mancane amathuba okuthi bakhulelwe futhi kungenzeka bangakwazi ukondla amathole abo. Isilinganiso sobulili lapho kuzalwa kuvame ukuba ngama-50: 50 (abesilisa: abesifazane). Ithole lizalwa linezimpondo ezincane ezimbozwe izinwele. Njengawo wonke ama-ungulates, angavuka alandele umama wakhe uma enamahora ambalwa nje ubudala.
Umama uvame ukufihla amawundlu akhe emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu okuqala ngenkathi esondla ngaphambi kokubuyela emhlambini. Inkonyane lingazondla lodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezine, lihlale emhlambini wabazali, kodwa lingabe lisahlala nonina. I-Arabian oryx ifinyelela ekuvuthweni phakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-Arabian oryx
Isithombe: Oryx wesilisa wase-Arabia
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokunyamalala kwe-oryx yase-Arabia endle kwakuwukuzingela ngokweqile, bobabili bezingela amaBedouin enyama nezikhumba, nokuzingela kwezemidlalo kumaqembu ezinjini. Ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kwe-oryx yasendle esanda kwethulwa yase-Arabia sekuyingozi enkulu futhi. Okungenani ama-oryx angama-200 athathwa noma abulawa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni abavela emhlambini osanda kwethulwa wase-Omani eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuqala kokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho lapho ngoFebhuwari 1996.
Umzingeli omkhulu we-oryx yase-Arabia, ngaphezu kwabantu, yimpisi yase-Arabia, eyayitholakala kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, kodwa manje ihlala ezindaweni ezincane kuphela e-Saudi Arabia, e-Oman, e-Yemen, e-Iraq naseningizimu yakwa-Israyeli, eJordani naseSinayi Peninsula IGibhithe. Njengoba zizingela izilwane ezifuywayo, abanikazi bemfuyo banoshevu, badubule noma babambe izimpisi ukuze bavikele impahla yabo. Izimpungushe yizona ezidla kakhulu i-Arabian oryx, edla amathole ayo.
Izimpondo ezinde ze-Arabian oryx zilungele ukuvikelwa ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye (izingonyama, izingwe, izinja zasendle kanye nezimpisi). Lapho kukhona usongo, isilwane sikhombisa isimilo esihlukile: siba semaceleni ukubonakala sikhulu. Inqobo nje uma ingasabisi isitha, i-Arabian oryx isebenzisa izimpondo zayo ukuvikela noma ukuhlasela. Njengamanye ama-antelope, i-Arabian Oryx isebenzisa ijubane layo ukugwema izilwane ezizingelayo. Ingafinyelela ngejubane elifinyelela ku-60 km / h.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-Arabian Oryx
I-Arabian Oryx yaphela endle ngenxa yokufuna inyama yayo, ukufihla nophondo. Impi Yezwe II yaletha ukuthutheleka kwezibhamu ezizenzakalelayo nezimoto ezinejubane ePeninsula yase-Arabia, futhi lokhu kwaholela ezingeni elingazinzile lokuzingela i-oryx. Ngo-1965, kwase kusele ama-oryxe angaphansi kuka-500 endle.
Imihlambi ebanjiwe yasungulwa ngeminyaka yo-1950 kwathi eziningana zathunyelwa e-United States lapho kwakhiwa khona uhlelo lokuzalanisa. Zingaphezu kwenkulungwane i-Arabian oryx ezikhishelwe endle namuhla, futhi cishe zonke lezi zilwane zitholakala ezindaweni ezivikelekile.
Le nombolo ifaka phakathi:
- cishe ama-oryx angama-50 e-Oman;
- cishe ama-oryx angama-600 eSaudi Arabia;
- cishe ama-oryx angama-200 e-United Arab Emirates;
- ngaphezu kwe-100 oryx kwa-Israyeli;
- cishe ama-oryx angama-50 eJordani.
Abantu abalinganiselwa ku-6,000-7,000 babanjiwe emhlabeni wonke, iningi labo esifundeni. Ezinye zitholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezibiyelwe, okubalwa kuzo eziseQatar, Syria (Al Talilah Nature Reserve), Saudi Arabia nase-UAE.
I-Arabian Oryx yahlukaniswa "njengengasekho" encwadini ebomvu futhi yabe isengozini enkulu. Lapho inani labantu selikhuphukile, bathuthela esigabeni "esisengozini" base bathuthela ezingeni lapho bengabizwa ngokuthi "abasengozini". Yindaba enhle impela yokongiwa kwemvelo. Ngokuvamile, i-Oryx Arabian njengamanje ihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo Ezisengozini, kepha izinombolo zihlala zizinzile namuhla. I-Arabian Oryx iyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinsongo eziningi njengesomiso, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala nokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Arabian Oryx
Isithombe: I-Arabian Oryx evela kwiRed Book
I-Arabian oryx ivikelwe ngumthetho kuwo wonke amazwe ebuyiselwe kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo esikhulu se-oryx yase-Arabia sithuthuke kahle ekuthunjweni futhi sibhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo I, okusho ukuthi akukho emthethweni ukuhweba ngalezi zilwane noma iyiphi ingxenye yazo. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo luhlala lusongelwa ngokuzingela okungekho emthethweni, ukuklabisa ngokweqile kanye nesomiso.
Ukubuyiswa kwe-oryx kubangelwa umfelandawonye obanzi wamaqembu wokongiwa kwemvelo, ohulumeni kanye nama-zoo asebenze ukusindisa lezi zilwane ngokukhulisa “umhlambi womhlaba” wezilwane zasendle zokugcina ezabanjwa ngeminyaka yama-1970, kanye nezinduna zasebukhosini zase-UAE, Qatar naseSaudi Arabia. I-Arabia.
Ngo-1982, abezokulondolozwa kwemvelo baqala ukubuyisela kabusha abantu abancane be-oryx yase-Arabia kusukela kulo mhlambi ekuthunjweni ezindaweni ezivikelwe lapho ukuzingela kungekho emthethweni. Yize inqubo yokukhululwa yayiyinqubo yokulinga nephutha kakhulu - ngokwesibonelo, sonke isilwane safa ngemuva komzamo owodwa eJordani - ososayensi bafunda okuningi ngokubuyiselwa kabusha okuphumelelayo.
Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ngo-1986, i-Arabian Oryx yaphakanyiswa yabeka engcupheni yokuqothulwa, futhi lolu hlobo lwezinkukhu luye lwagcinwa kwaze kwaba sekuvuselelwa kokugcina. Kukonke, ukubuya kwe-oryx kwenziwa ngomzamo wokubambisana wokulondolozwa. Naphezu komzamo owodwa noma emibili yokuyigcina isendaweni yayo yemvelo, ukusinda kwe-oryx yase-Arabia cishe kuxhomeke ekusunguleni umhlambi kwenye indawo. Ingxenye ebalulekile yezindaba zempumelelo ekongweni kwe-Arabian oryx ukwesekwa nguhulumeni, uxhaso nokuzinikela kwesikhathi eside okuvela eSaudi Arabia nase-UAE.
I-Arabian Oryx Ingabe uhlobo lwenyamazane ehlala ePeninsula yase-Arabia. I-Arabian Oryx ingesinye sezilwane ezincelisayo ezihle kakhulu zasogwadule ezikwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile lapho kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa eziphilayo. Zingaba khona amasonto ngaphandle kwamanzi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.10.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 03.10.2019 ngo-14: 48
