I-Ambistoma - Lena yasemanzini, eyabelwe iqembu elinomsila. Isatshalaliswa kabanzi eMelika, eRussia isetshenziswa ngama-aquarists.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala ye-ombistoma
Ngokubukeka kwayo, ifana nesibankwa esaziwa ngabantu abaningi, nasendaweni yamazwe aseMelika saze sabizwa ngokuthi yi-mole salamander. Bahlala emahlathini anomswakama omkhulu, onenhlabathi ethambile nodoti ojiyile.
Inqwaba yabantu efakiwe ku- isigaba samabhinca itholakala eNyakatho Melika, eningizimu yeCanada. Umndeni walezi zibankwa uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-33 ze-ambistom, ngayinye enezici zayo.
Okudume kakhulu kubo yilokhu okulandelayo:
- I-tiger ambistoma. Ingafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-28, kanti cishe u-50% womzimba uhlala ngomsila. Ezinhlangothini zentulo kunezimbotshana ezinde eziyi-12, futhi imibala iyimibala ekhanyayo eluhlaza okotshani noma nsundu.Umugqa namachashazi aphuzi atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba. Kunezinzwane ezine emilenzeni yangaphambili, nezinhlanu emilenzeni yangemuva. Ungahlangabezana nalolu hlobo lwama-ambist ezindaweni ezisenyakatho yeMexico.
Esithombeni ingwe ye-ambistoma
- I-ambistoma yeMarble. Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zalo myalelo, ugqama ngomthethosisekelo wawo oqinile futhi onamandla. Imivimbo empunga ecebile itholakala emzimbeni wonke, kuyilapho kubamele abesilisa bezinhlobo zilula. Umuntu omdala walolu hlobo angafinyelela osayizi bamasentimitha ayi-10-12. Itholakala empumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-United States.
Okufanekisiwe yi-ambistoma yemabula
- I-ambistoma enamabala aphuzi. Ummeleli walolu hlobo lwezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini angakhula afike kumasentimitha angamashumi amabili nanhlanu ubude. Igqama ngombala wesikhumba sayo esimnyama, amabala aphuzi abekwa ngemuva. Ama-salamanders amsulwa amnyama alolu hlobo awavamile ukubonwa. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa impumalanga yeCanada ne-United States. Yaziwa njengophawu lweNingizimu Carolina.
I-ambistoma enamabala aphuzi
- I-ambistoma yaseMexico. Umuntu omdala walolu hlobo uhluka ngosayizi kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-25. Ingxenye engenhla ye-intulo imnyama enamabala amancane aphuzi, ingxenye engezansi iphuzi ngokukhanyayo namabala amnyama amancane. Uhlala entshonalanga nasempumalanga ye-United States.
I-ambistoma yaseMexico
- I-ambistoma yasePacific... Kufakiwe ku- i-ambist enkulungihlala eNyakatho Melika. Ubude bomzimba we-amphibian bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-34.
Esithombeni, i-ambistoma yasePacific
Ngemuva kokubuyekeza isithombe se-ambist, ezihlelwe ngenhla, ungabona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila ye-ambistoma
Njengoba kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-ambist, kungokwemvelo ukuthi ngamunye wabo unesimilo sakhe nendlela yakhe yokuphila. Ama-tiger ambistomas akhetha ukuhlala emigodini usuku lonke, kuthi ebusuku ahambe ayofuna ukudla. Okhaliphile futhi owesabekayo, ezwa ingozi, uncamela ukubuyela emgodini, noma ngabe eshiywe ngaphandle kokudla.
Ama-ambistomas kaMarble ayimfihlo, akhetha ukuzakhela izimbobo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile nezihlahla eziwile. Ngezikhathi ezithile bahlala emigodini elahliwe. Ama-salamanders anombala ophuzi akhetha indlela yokuphila yangaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke ungayibona ebusweni bomhlaba ngezinsuku zemvula kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, lezi zasemanzini azizakheli izindlu zodwa, zisebenzisa okusele ngemuva kwezinye izilwane.
Zonke izinhlobo zala ma-amphibian zihlala emigodini futhi zikhetha ukuzingela ebumnyameni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abakubekezeleli ukushisa okweqile, izinga lokushisa elilungile kubo lingama-18-20 degrees, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezingama-24 degrees.
Banomlingiswa othile oqondile, ngoba bayasithanda isizungu futhi abavumeli noma ubani asondele kubo. Umqondo wokuzivikela usezingeni eliphezulu. Uma ama-ambistoma ewela emgibeni wesilwane esidla ezinye, ngeke anikele kuze kube sekugcineni, ayilume futhi ayiklwebhe. Kulokhu, wonke umzabalazo we-ambistoma uzohambisana nemisindo emikhulu, okufana nokukhwaza.
Ukudla okunomsoco we-Ambistoma
Ama-ambistomas ahlala ezimweni zemvelo ondla ngalezi zinto eziphilayo:
- ama-centipedes;
- izibungu;
- izimbaza;
- iminenke;
- ama-slugs;
- izimvemvane;
- izicabucabu.
Isibungu se-Ambistoma ezimweni zemvelo kudla ukudla okufana nalokhu:
- daphnia;
- ama-cyclops;
- ezinye izinhlobo ze-zooplankton.
Labo bantu abagcina i-ambistoma ku-aquarium banconywa ukuthi bayondle ngokudla okulandelayo:
- inyama engenamafutha;
- inhlanzi;
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene (izikelemu, amaphela, izicabucabu).
Isibungu se-Ambistoma axolotl kufanele ondliwe nsuku zonke, kepha i-ambist yabantu abadala kufanele ondliwe amahlandla angaphezu kwama-3 ngesonto.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila se-ambistoma
Ukuze i-ambistoma ikwazi ukuzala, idinga inani elikhulu lamanzi. Kungakho, ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana, amanxusa afudukela kulezo zingxenye zehlathi ezigcwala ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Iningi labantu balezi zinhlobo likhetha ukuzala entwasahlobo. Kodwa ama-ambistomas anomaki futhi anezinsimbi enza kuphela ekwindla.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa babeka isidoda njenge-ambist, kanti abesifazane basithatha ngosizo lwe-cloaca. Ngemuva kwalokho abesifazane baqala ukubeka izikhwama ezinamaqanda, esikhwameni esisodwa kungaba namaqanda angama-20 kuye kwangama-500, kanti ububanzi bawo ngamunye bungafinyelela kumamilimitha ayi-2,5.
Ama-ambistomas adinga amanzi amaningi ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Amaqanda abekwe emanzini afudumele akhula esikhathini esisukela ezinsukwini eziyi-19 kuye kwezingama-50. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kuvela izibungu ze-ambistoma emhlabeni, ubude bazo buhluka kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-2 centimeters.
I-Ambistoma axolotl (isibungu) sihlala emanzini izinyanga ezi-2-4. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, ama-metamorphoses abalulekile avela nawo, okungukuthi, i-axolotl iphenduka inhlaka:
- amaphiko nama-gill ayanyamalala;
- izinkophe zivela emehlweni;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphaphu kuyabonakala;
- umzimba uthola umbala wohlobo oluhambisanayo lwe-ambist.
Izibungu ze-ambist zifinyelela ezweni kuphela ngemuva kokuba zifinyelele kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-8 kuya kwezi-9. Ukuze uguqule i-aquarium axolotl ibe yi-ambistome, kuyadingeka ukuthi kancane kancane uguqule i-aquarium ibe yiterrarium.
Esithombeni i-axolotl
Lokhu kudinga ukunciphisa inani lamanzi atholakalayo kulo futhi kwandiswe inani lomhlabathi. Isibungu ngeke sibe nenye indlela ngaphandle kokukhasa phansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akufanele alindele ushintsho lomlingo, i-axolotl izophenduka i-ambistoma hhayi ngaphambi kwamasonto ama-2-3.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi i-axolotl ungayiguqula ibe ngumuntu omdala ngosizo lwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal ezenzelwe indlala yegilo. Kepha zingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela wezilwane.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi ukuze ubeke amaqanda, abesifazane besifazane abangeni emanzini, babeka izikhwama ze-caviar ezindaweni eziphansi, okuthi ngokuzayo zigcwale amanzi.
Amaqanda abekwa ezindaweni ezihlukene, kuyilapho kukhethwa izindawo, zibekwe ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziwile noma enqwabeni yamaqabunga. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezimweni ze-aquarium (ngokunakekelwa okufanele), i-ambistoma iyakwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-10-15.
