Imfene noma i-kahau, njengoba ibizwa kanjalo, ingeyomndeni wenkawu. Lezi zinkawu eziyingqayizivele zingezokuhlelwa kwama-primates. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okuthile, zehlukaniswa zaba uhlobo oluhlukile futhi zinohlobo olulodwa.
Incazelo nezici
Isici esivelele kunazo zonke zamabhulu ngamakhala aso amakhulu, afinyelela cishe ku-10 cm ubude, kepha leli lungelo lisebenza kuphela kwabesilisa. Kwabesifazane, ikhala aligcini nje ngokuba lincane kakhulu, kepha futhi linokuma okuhluke ngokuphelele. Kubukeka sengathi kuguqulwe kancane.
Amankonyane ekhala, kungakhathalekile ubulili, anamakhala amancane acocekile, njengonina. Kwabesilisa abasebasha, amakhala akhula kancane kakhulu futhi afinyelela osayizi abahlaba umxhwele kuphela ngesikhathi sokuthomba.
Inhloso yesici esithokozisayo kangaka ku-kahau ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Kungenzeka ukuthi lapho ikhala leduna likhudlwana, izinkawu zesilisa ezikhangayo zibheka abesifazane futhi zijabulele izinzuzo ezinkulu emhlambini wazo.
Amakhala wesilisa anesisindo esiphindwe kabili esabesifazane
Izinwele eziminyene nezimfushane zezinkawu ezikhala ngamakhala ngemuva zinebanga elibomvu ngokubomvu elinamachashaza aphuzi, awolintshi kanye nansundu, esiswini limpunga ngokukhanyayo noma mhlophe imbala. Ebusweni benkawu abukho nhlobo uboya, isikhumba sibomvu ngokuphuzi, futhi izingane zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izidladla zamakhala ezinezinzwane zokubamba ziqine kakhulu futhi zincane, zibukeka zingalingani kakhulu nesihlobo somzimba. Zimbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe qwa. Umsila uyaqina futhi unamandla, inqobo nje uma umzimba, kepha inyamazane encane ayikaze iwusebenzise, yingakho ukuguquguquka komsila kukhule kabi, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nemisila yezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu.
Ngaphezu kwekhala, isici esivelele kwabesilisa yinqaba yesikhumba esonga intamo yabo, embozwe ngoboya obuqinile, obukhulu. Kubukeka sengathi kufana nokhololo. Umhlwenga omnyama obabazekayo okhula ogwini nawo uthi sinakho nosy owesilisa.
Abakwa-kahaus bahlukaniswa yizisu zabo ezinkulu, okuthi, ngokufaniswa nezabantu, babizwe ngokubhuqa ngokuthi "ubhiya". Leli qiniso kulula ukulichaza. Umndeni wezinkawu ezinemizimba emincane, okubandakanya ikhala elivamile eyaziwa ngezisu zayo ezinkulu ezinamagciwane amaningi awusizo kuzo.
Lawa ma-bacteria afaka isandla ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo kwe-fiber, okusiza isilwane ukuthi sithole amandla ekudleni kwamakhambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhaktheriya alusizo anciphisa ubuthi obuthile, kanti ama-nosy angadla izitshalo eziyingozi ukudliwa ezinye izilwane.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu, i-nosy iyi-primate emaphakathi, kepha uma uyiqhathanisa nenkawu encane ibukeka njengesiqhwaga. Ukukhula kwabesilisa kusuka ku-66 kuye ku-76 cm, kwabesifazane kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60. Ubude bomsila bungamasentimitha angama-66-75. Kwabesilisa, umsila mude ukudlula owabesifazane. Isisindo sabesilisa futhi sivame ukwedlula leso sabangane babo abancane. Ifinyelela ku-12-24 kg.
Naphezu kobukhulu bazo obukhulu, ubukhali nokubukeka okungaqondakali, i-kahau yizilwane ezihamba kakhulu. Bakhetha ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezihlahleni. Amakhala ashwiba egatsheni, abambelele kulo ngezidladla zangaphambili, bese edonsa imilenze yangemuva bese eqa elinye igatsha noma isihlahla. Ukudla okumnandi okumnandi noma ukoma kuphela okungabenza behlele emhlabeni.
Indlela Yokuphila
AmaSoos aphile emahlathini. Emini ziyavuka, kuthi ebusuku nasekuseni amazinyane aphumule emiqhele eminyene yezihlahla eziseduze nomfula, ezikhethe kusengaphambili. Umsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu ezinkawini ezinamakhala amade ubonwa ntambama nakusihlwa.
IKahau ihlala ngamaqembu abantu abayi-10-30. Le mibimbi emincane ingaba ama-harems, lapho kunabesifazane abangafika kwabangu-10 owesilisa ngamunye nezingane zabo ezingakafiki ebusheni, noma inkampani yabesilisa kuphela equkethe abesilisa abasesizungu okwamanje.
Amadoda kaNosy akhula futhi ashiye imindeni yawo (eneminyaka eyi-1-2), kanti abesifazane bahlala eqenjini abazalelwa kulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinkawini zesifazane ezinamakhala, kuvame ukwenziwa ukushintsha kusuka kumlingani othile ocansini kuye komunye. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuze kutholakale ukudla okuphelele noma ukulala ngokwanele ebusuku, amaqembu amaningana ezinkawu ezinamahloni ahlanganiswa okwesikhashana abe munye.
UKahau uxhumana ngosizo lobuso nemisindo eyinqaba: ukububula okuthulile, ukuklabalasa, ukububula noma ukubhonga. Uhlobo lwezinkawu luhle kakhulu, abavamile ukuphikisana noma ukulwa phakathi kwabo, ikakhulukazi eqenjini labo. Abesifazane bakaNosy bangaqala ukuxabana okuncane, bese umholi womhlambi ayimise ngokumemeza okukhulu kwamakhala.
Kwenzeka ukuthi umholi weqembu labesifazane aguquke. Owesilisa omncane futhi onamandla uyafika futhi aphuce wonke amalungelo omnikazi wangaphambilini. Inhloko entsha yephakethe ingaze ibulale inzalo yakudala. Kulokhu, umama wezingane ezifile ushiya iqembu kanye nendoda ehluliwe.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ingono ihlala emathafeni asogwini nasemifuleni esiqhingini saseBorneo (Kalimantan) enkabeni yesiQhingana saseMalay. Kuyisiqhingi sesithathu ngobukhulu ngemuva kweNew Guinea naseGreenland, futhi ukuphela kwendawo emhlabeni lapho kutholakala khona i-kahau.
Izinkawu ezinamakhala zizizwa zikhululekile emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, ama-mangrove kanye namahlathi e-dipterocarp anezihlahla ezinkulu ezihlala ziluhlaza, emaxhaphozini nasezindaweni ezitshalwe ne-Hevea. Emazweni atholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-250-400 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, cishe ngeke uyithole inkawu enekhala elide.
Isokisi yisilwanelokho akusoze kwafika kude namanzi. Le nyani ibhukuda kahle, igxumela emanzini isuka kubude obungu-18-20 m futhi imboza ibanga elingafika kumamitha angama-20 emilenzeni emine, futhi emahlathini aminyene ehlathini ezinhlangothini ezimbili.
Lapho zihamba emiqhele yemithi, ama-nosy angazisebenzisa zombili izidladla ezine, futhi akhase, ngokushintshana adonse futhi aphonse izitho zangaphambili, noma agxume asuke egatsheni aye egatsheni, okukude kakhulu komunye nomunye.
Lapho efuna ukudla, ama-nosy angabhukuda noma ahambe emanzini angajulile
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ekufuneni ukudla, amakhala ajwayelekile afinyelela kumakhilomitha ama-2-3 ngosuku emfuleni, kancane kancane angene ajule ehlathini. Kusihlwa i-kahau ibuya emuva. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-primates ngamahlumela amancane namaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahlana, izithelo ezingakavuthwa, nezinye izimbali. Kwesinye isikhathi ukudla kwezitshalo kuhlanjululwa yizibungu, izikelemu, amacimbi, nezinambuzane ezincane.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Amaphara athathwa njengabantu abavuthiwe kwezocansi lapho esefinyelele eminyakeni yobudala engama-5-7. Abesilisa bavame ukuvuthwa kamuva kunabesifazane. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kwi-kahau, owesifazane ukhuthaza umlingani ukuba ahlangane.
Ngomoya wakhe wokudlala ngothando, ekhipha futhi egoqa izindebe zakhe ngeshubhu, enqekuzisa ikhanda, ekhombisa izitho zakhe zangasese, wazisa owesilisa ovelele ukuthi ukulungele "ukuthandana kabuhlungu."
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi izala izingane cishe izinsuku eziyi-170-200, bese izala, imvamisa, izala elilodwa. Umama uyayondla ngobisi lwayo izinyanga eziyi-7, kepha lapho-ke ingane ayilahlekelwa ukuxhumana nayo isikhathi eside.
Kwabesifazane bamakhala, ikhala alikhuli libe likhulu, njengakwabesilisa
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ayikho idatha eqondiwe yokuthi mangaki ama-kahau ahlala ekuthunjweni, ngoba lolu hlobo alukaze luthanjiswe. Izinkawu ezinamakhala azihlangene kahle futhi azikwazi ukuqeqeshwa. Endaweni yemvelo ikhala elivamile uphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-23, uma engazibambi isisulu sesitha saso phambilini, futhi izimpethu zanele ngokwanele.
Izibankwa nezinhlwathi zihlasela inkawu ekhaleni, akunankinga ngokudla i-kahau nezinkozi zasolwandle. Ingozi ilele ngamakhala emifuleni nasezixhaphozini zehlathi lomhlume, lapho zizingelwa izingwenya ezinkulu ezinamaphiko. Ngalesi sizathu, izinkawu, yize zingabagibeli ababalaseleyo, zithanda ukunqoba imizila yamanzi engxenyeni encane kakhulu yedamu, lapho ingwenya ingenandawo engaphenduka kuyo.
Ukuzingela ama-primates nakho kuyingozi ekwehlisweni kwesibalo sezinhlobo, yize inkawu ivikelwe ngumthetho. Abantu baphishekela i-kahau ngenxa yoboya bayo obukhulu, obuhle futhi obumnandi, ngokusho kwabomdabu, inyama. Ngokugawula imihlume namahlathi emvula nokukhipha amaxhaphozi, abantu bashintsha izimo zezulu esiqhingini futhi banciphise indawo efanele indawo yamanzi.
Ngokuyinhloko ama-nosers adla amaqabunga nezithelo.
Amaphara anokudla okuncane nokuncane, ngaphezu kwalokho, anokuncintisana okunamandla kokudla nezinsiza zomhlaba - lawa angama-macaque anomsila wengulube futhi anomsila omude. Lezi zinto ziholele ekutheni kuze kube yingxenye yekhulu leminyaka inani lamasokisi lehle ngesigamu futhi, ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature, selizophela.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
I-Sucker - inyamazane, ngokungafani nezinye izinkawu nesilwane esaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okungajwayelekile, kunezici eziningi eziqinisekisa ubungqayizivele benkawu ekhaleni.
- Uyabona ukuthi i-kahau ithukuthele ngamakhala ayo abomvu futhi akhulisiwe. Ngokusho kolunye uhlobo, ukuguqulwa okunjalo kusebenza njengendlela yokwesabisa isitha.
- Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi izinkawu zidinga ikhala elikhulu ukukhulisa umthamo wemisindo ye-primate. Ngokumemeza okukhulu, ama-nosy azisa wonke umuntu ngobukhona bawo futhi amaka insimu. Kepha lo mbono awukabutholi ubufakazi obuqondile.
- Amakhala angahamba, amboze amabanga amafushane emanzini, agcina umzimba umile. Lokhu kujwayelekile kuphela kwezinkawu ezinkulu ezithuthuke kakhulu, hhayi izinhlobo zezinkawu, ezibandakanya izinkawu ezinamakhala.
- ICahau ukuphela kwenkawu emhlabeni ekwazi ukucwila. Uyakwazi ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwamanzi ibanga elingu-12-20 m. Ingono ibhukuda ngokuphelele njengenja, ulwelwesi oluncane emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva luyamsiza kulokhu.
- Ama-nosy ajwayelekile ahlala kuphela ogwini lwemizimba yamanzi amasha, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kasawoti namaminerali akuyo, okunikela ezimweni ezikahle zohlelo lokuphakela izinkawu.
UNosy monkey esiqiwini
Umthwali wenkawu angabonakala ezimweni zemvelo endaweni yeProboscis Monkey Sanctuary, etholakala eduze kwedolobha laseSandakan. Inani lamapayipi elikulo lilinganiselwa kubantu abangama-80. Ngo-1994, umnikazi wesiqiwi wathenga isiza sehlathi sokugawula nokulima okwalandela isundu lamafutha endaweni yalo.
Kepha lapho ebona amakhala, wahlabeka umxhwele waze washintsha amacebo akhe, washiya umhlume waya ezinyangeni. Manje, amakhulukhulu ezivakashi eza minyaka yonke ukuzobheka izinkawu endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Ekuseni nakusihlwa, abanakekeli bayo baletha obhasikidi abakhulu abanesibiliboco se-kahau abasithandayo - izithelo ezingakavuthwa ezindaweni ezihlonyiswe ngokukhethekile. Izilwane, ezijwayele ukuthi ngesikhathi esithile zondliwa kamnandi, ngokuzithandela ziphumela kubantu futhi zivumela nokuthi zithwetshulwe.
Sock esithombeni, enekhala elikhulu elenga ezindebeni zakhe, ezibonisa ngemuva kwamahlathi aluhlaza okotshani wehlathi, kubukeka kumnandi kakhulu.
Ngeshwa, uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezifika ngesikhathi zokunqanda ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungalawulwa futhi kungaqalwa ukulwa nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungemthetho esiqhingini saseBorneo, zonke izindaba ngezilwane eziyingqayizivele zezinkawu ezizoba maduzane zizoba izinganekwane. Uhulumeni waseMalaysia ukhathazeke kakhulu ngosongo lokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwalezi zinhlobo. UKachau ubhalwe ohlwini lwe-International Red Book. Zivikelwe ezindaweni eziyi-16 zokongiwa kwemvelo e-Indonesia naseMalaysia.
