Izinambuzane ezingavamile ezihlala eRussia
Umhlaba wezinambuzane uphawulekile ngokunotha nokwehluka kwawo. Lezi zidalwa ezincane cishe zikuyo yonke indawo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, njengoba sebezinze emagumbini amaningi eplanethi enkulu, badlula zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ezithole isiphephelo eMhlabeni.
Izinambuzane ezincane ezindizayo nezikhasayo zingatholakala kunoma yimuphi umhlaba. Bahlangana kuzo zonke izinyathelo kulabo abahambahamba ehlathini lasehlobo, baphumule emapaki noma bahlale phansi ukuze bagcotshwe yilanga osebeni lomfula. Izinqwaba ezingenakubalwa zalezi zidalwa zihlala ezweni.
Futhi amadolobha amakhulu awahlukile, ngoba izinto eziphilayo ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo, zithola indawo yokukhosela ezindaweni ezingalindelekile. Izinambuzane zitholakala ngisho nasezindaweni ezingakulungele ukuphila: ezingwadule, ezinkangala nasezindaweni eziphakeme zomhlaba.
Izinhlobo zezidalwa ezikhona yonke indawo njengamanje zibalwa ososayensi abafinyelela ezigidini eziyizigidi. Kepha lokhu kukude nomkhawulo, ngoba ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo zezinambuzane lisalinde ihora lokutholwa kwazo, ngenkathi lingaziwa futhi lingaziwa ngabantu.
Kodwa-ke, umsebenzi obalulekile wempucuko yabantu ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezolimo ngekhulu elidlule kubangele ukubhujiswa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane. Manje yisikhathi sokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuvikela ama-biotopes emvelo ezinhlobo ezithile zama-invertebrate amancane.
Ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, inkinga efanayo yokusha eRussia yaxazululwa ngendlela ebucayi kakhulu ezingeni lezomthetho, futhi kwalungiselelwa uhlelo olusha Incwadi Ebomvu. Izinambuzane, izihloko nezincazelo okuvele ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu nezisengozini yokushabalala, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-95. Nazi ezinye zazo:
UMbusi Oqaphile
Lesi sinambuzane singesinye sezinhlobo ezinkulu zikajekamanzi ezitholakala eYurophu. Ububanzi bezidalwa ezinjalo busuka eScandinavia buye eNingizimu Afrika. Ubukhulu bokuqapha kombusi impela bukhulu kakhulu.
Abantu abakhulu bafinyelela ubude bomzimba obufinyelela kuma-78 mm, nobubanzi bezimpiko ezisobala ezinemithambo emnyama - kufika ku-110 mm. Isifuba sesilwane sihlaza, imilenze iyinhlanganisela ephuzi futhi nsundu.
Ababusi bakwa-Sentinel banolaka ekuziphatheni futhi babe yingozi ezingqungqutheleni zabo zezinambuzane, ngokuba yizilwane ezidlayo nezidla izimpukane, omiyane, ojekamanzi abancane namabhu.
I-dragonfly patrol emperor
Abesilisa, abasebenza kakhulu emzabalazweni wendawo yokuhlala, bagada ngentshiseko futhi bagade indawo abahlala kuyo, lapho kungafinyelela kuphela abaqaphi besifazane ababusi.
Izinambuzane zivame ukushiya amasende wamazinyane esikhathi esizayo ezintweni ezintanta emanzini: amahlumela amancane nezicucu zamagxolo, kanye neziqu zomhlanga nezinye izinhlobo zezimbali ezikhula emanzini.
Njengamanje, inani lalezi zinambuzane eRussia liyancipha ngenxa yokungcola kwezindawo zamanzi, izinguquko emibusweni yamazinga okushisa kanye nokuncintisana kwemvelo nezinye izinhlobo zojekamanzi.
I-Dybka steppe
Lolu uhlobo oluhlukile oluvela ohlwini lwezinto ezingavamile izinambuzane zaseRussia, okusohlwini lweRed Book ngenxa yobuningi obuphansi nokwehlukaniswa ebangeni. Isikhundla sabo asinathemba ngokuphelele, ngoba kusenezihosha ezilungele lezi zidalwa eziphilayo nezinye izindawo ezinokukhululeka okuphansi nezihlahlana eziminyene notshani obude obukhula lapho, obusebenza njengendawo yokukhosela yemvelo yezinambuzane, ngokwemvelo yazo.
Idada elisemaqeleni liyintethe enkulu. Ubukhulu besifazane kwesinye isikhathi bufinyelela ku-90 mm, ngaphezu kwalokho, isici sesakhiwo sabo yi-ovipositor enkulu. Umbala womzimba ohlangene uphuzi nsundu noma uluhlaza ngemivimbo emhlophe ezinhlangothini; imilenze yesilwane yinde. Ziyizilwane ezidla ama-mantises, izimpukane, amabhungane, izinkumbi nezintethe.
Izinambuzane ezinjalo, njengomthetho, zingabantu baseMedithera. Ezindaweni ezivulekile zasekhaya, zivame kakhulu. Njengamanje, ukuvikela, kufaka phakathi lezi zidalwa, sekwenziwe iziqiwu eziningi kanye neziqiwi.
I-aphodius enamabala amabili
Leli bhungane, elinobude obungu-8 kuye ku-12 mm, nalo lifakiwe ohlwini izinambuzane zencwadi ebomvu yaseRussia... Lesi sidalwa sathola igama laso ngenxa yokuthi sinamabala amabili amnyama ayindilinga atholakala ezimpikweni ezibenyezelayo ezibomvu, ezingqingqwe umugqa omncane omnyama.
Laba abahlali bezindawo eziningi zezimpahla zaseYurophu zezwe lethu, ezisukela e-Urals naseSiberia.
Ngaphandle kobukhulu besibalo sabantu, inani lamabhungane anje lincipha kakhulu kwezinye izindawo.
Izizathu zalesi simo, ngokusho kokucatshangelwa, yilezi: ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane nezinye izinto eziyingozi emisebenzini yezolimo yabantu, kanye nokushoda kwesisekelo sefolishi ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo samahhashi neminye imfuyo, yingakho amabhungane eshiywa ngaphandle komthombo wawo wokudla - umquba.
Ibhungane lomhlaba u-Avinov
Leli bhungane limele umndeni webhungane lomhlabathi otholakala ezifundeni zezintaba zaseSakhalin Island. Inobude obungamasentimitha angama-20 noma ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kubomvu okwegolide, kuthi i-elytra iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ngezansi kwamabhungane kumnyama, kanti izinhlangothi zikhipha ishediyamu yensimbi. Lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zakha amaqoqo ambalwa emahlathini axubekile, ngesihlahla sonwele nangama-fir, acebile emahlathini otshani obude.
Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane aluqondakali kahle, futhi kungenzeka uthole imininingwane emincane kakhulu kulezi zidalwa. Ziyaziwa njengezidliwayo, zidla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-invertebrate amancane nama-molluscs.
Inani eliphakeme lokuzala kabusha kwezinambuzane livela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kuthi ebusika liwele opopayi abamisiwe, okuvame ukuzitholela isiphephelo phakathi nesikhathi seqhwa kwiziphunzi zomuthi obolile.
Inani lamabhungane lincipha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi baba yinto abaqoqeli abayiqaphelayo, kanye nenani labantu elithinteka kabi ngomsebenzi womnotho wabantu.
Ibhungane
Lesi sinambuzane singesomndeni we-stag, ngokuba ngesinye sezinambuzane ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezitholakala endaweni yaseYurophu. Abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesifazane kanti kwezinye izimo bafinyelela kubude obungu-85 mm.
Emalungwini omzimba wesilwane, kunezimpondo ezibomvu-nsundu ngokukhethekile, ezisekhanda, lapho kukhona khona amehlo nezimpondo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlobisa okunjalo kungokwabesilisa kuphela. Ingaphansi lomzimba wezidalwa ezinjalo kuvame ukuba mnyama, futhi izinyawo ezintathu zemilenze zisuka esifubeni.
Ibhungane liyakwazi ukundiza, kodwa abesilisa baphumelela ukundiza kakhulu kunabesifazane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukukhwelana kwalezi zidalwa eziphilayo, okwenzeka ezihlahleni, kuthatha amahora amathathu.
Futhi izibungu ezinombala kakhilimu, ezichanyuselwa ngenxa yalokhu kusuka emaqandeni abekwe ngokuqhubekayo, ekupheleni kokukhula kwazo zifinyelela ku-14 cm.
I-stag beetle itholakala eYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, futhi indawo yazo ihlala nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Afrika. Izinambuzane zihlala emahlathini aminyene, emapaki, ezingadini nasemahlathini e-oki, zisabalala nasezintabeni nasezikhungweni zemifula.
I-Deer beetle ingenye yamabhungane amakhulu eRussia
Amabhungane amakhulu athanda ukuhlala ezihlahleni ezinamagatsha, lapho izihlahla ze-oki zithandwa khona kakhulu. Kepha futhi i-lindens, i-beeches, i-ash, i-pine kanye ne-poplar kufanelekile empilweni yabo.
Ngaphandle kwezimpondo ezethusayo, lezo zidalwa eziphilayo azinabungozi ngokuphelele futhi zondla kakhulu ngotshani bezitshalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane ezinkulu zivame ukuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Ukwehla kwenani lamabhungane ezinyamazane kwenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko endaweni yokuhlala, empilweni yomuntu, ekuhlanzweni kwendle nasekungeneleleni kokuthula kwengqondo kwabaqoqi.
Ubuhle obumnandi
Ibhungane elihle eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani elikhipha iphunga elibi elimnandi uma kunengozi.
I-Nutcracker kaParreis
Omunye wabamele abakhulu kakhulu bokuchofoza. Ubude bomzimba 25 - 30 mm. Izibungu zikhula ngokhuni lwezihlahla ezindala ezibolile eziwile, imvamisa kuphayini. Isibungu sondla izinambuzane ezihlala ngokhuni olubolile.
Indlu emnyama
I-stag beetle ihlala emahlathini amadala ahlanganisiwe, iyakhula futhi ilale ubusika ngokubola kwesihlahla esinsundu. Izibungu zikhula kulezo zihlahla lapho ukubola okunsundu kukhona khona iminyaka ethile.
Inani lincipha njalo ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lezindawo zokuhlala ezifanele ukuhlala. Isici esiyinhloko ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okucacile.
Ibhungane elivamile
Isizungu esivamile sitholakala kubantu abangabodwa. Ukubuyisa inani lamabhungane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izihlahla ezindala eziyize emapaki, kanye nasezindaweni zamahlathi amadala.
Ithusi elibushelelezi
I-Bronzovka ibhungane elihle kakhulu. Ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene futhi ingeyezinambuzane zohlobo lwe-coleopteran zomndeni omncane wethusi. Banombala ocwebezelayo, osansimbi ngemibala ehlukahlukene.
I-Relic Lumberjack
Ensimini yaseRussia, umgawuli wezinkuni osetshenzisiwe ungummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke we-coleoptera oda, ofinyelela kubude obufinyelela ku-110 mm. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla kwenani lamabhungane ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu, "ukuhlanzwa" kwenhlanzeko yomhlaba wamahlathi, nokuqoqwa okungalawulwa kwabaqoqi.
I-Alpine barbel
Imvamisa zingabonakala ezihlahleni ezikhanyiswe yilanga noma eziwile. Umbala ompunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uvumela i-Alpine barbel ukuthi ifihle kahle futhi ihlale ingabonakali esihlahleni esikhulu sezifuyo - i-European beech. Ibhungane liwuphawu lweHungary Danube-Ipoli National Park.
Inyosi yombazi
Izinyosi zathola igama lazo ngokwakha izindawo zokuhlala zesoya ngokhuni olufile, zadla izidleke ezijulile ezinamazinga amaningi, ezinenqwaba yamaseli, lapho kuzovela khona isibungu.
Inyosi idla yodwa
Izinyosi eziyizinambuzane ziyizinambuzane ezinegazi elifudumele ngoba lapho imisipha eqinile ye-pectoral isebenza, kukhiqizwa ukushisa okuningi futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka. Ukuze uhlale ufudumele, inyosi enkulu yezinyosi ayidingi ukundiza; uma, isamile endaweni yayo, ingafinyela ngokushesha imisipha, ngenkathi ikhipha umsindo ogqumayo.
Inyosi yengcina
Ngokuya ngezici zebhayoloji, inyosi ye-wax, yize inezici ezingenamibandela zokufana nenyosi yezinyosi, inokucaciswa okuphawulekayo. Yakha imindeni ehlala njalo engahlukani nobusika, lapho isisindo esiphilayo sezinyosi sisukela ku-0.1-4.0 kg.
Umbungu kasilika
Uhlobo olusondelene kakhulu, futhi mhlawumbe nohlobo lokuqala lwesiwaski esifuywayo. Isibikezelo esinenothi kumugqa wangaphandle ngemuva kwesiqongo. Esiqongweni somphetho ongaphandle, kunendawo emnyama yensundu emnyama emnyama ehlukaniswe ngokucijile ngemuva kwephiko.
Uvemvane lukaDavid
Ihlala emahlathini amancane ephayini, emithambekeni emincane phakathi kwamahlathi e-caragan. Imininingwane engaqondile isivumela ukuthi sibheke inani njengeliphansi ngokweqile ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile kwemfuyo, okuvame ukudla amaqabunga e-caragana, kanye nasemlilweni we-steppe.
Uvemvane lukaLucina
Uhlangothi olungenhla lwamaphiko lunendawo emnyama ensundu lapho amabala ansundu akhanyayo axegiswa khona. Izimvemvane azenzi izindiza ezinde futhi zikhetha ukunamathela ezindaweni ezalelwe kuzo.
Izimvemvane ziyasebenza ngezikhathi zasekuseni; zichitha lonke usuku emaqabungeni ezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, ziphumula ngamaphiko asatshalaliswa isigamu.
Umvemvane waseMnemosyne
Cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseRussia, inani le-mnemosyne lincipha kancane kancane, futhi ushintsho kulo mkhuba alunakulindelwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Ukuze kulondolozwe lezi zinhlobo, kudingeka izindlela eziphuthumayo zokuhlonza izindawo zezimvemvane futhi zivimbele ukugawulwa kwalezi zindawo.
Uvemvane ovamile we-Apollo
U-Apollo ngokufanele ungowezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zezimvemvane zasemini eYurophu - abamele abagqame kakhulu bomndeni weSailboats.
Uvemvane lwe-Alkyne
I-Alkinoy ingenye yezimvemvane ezinhle kakhulu ezitholakala eRussia. Umbala wamaphiko emadodeni unombala onsundu, kwabesifazane ulula, unombala wekhofi nemithambo emnyama emenyezelwe. Ekupheleni kwephiko, kukhona iziqu ezimnyama ezimise okomsila, ezifinyelela ku-2 cm ubude.
