Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinyoni kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukukuqonda ngenxa yokwehluka kwazo. Isibonelo, i-sandpiper eyaziwayo akuyona inyoni eyodwa ethize, kepha i-suborder yonke yezinyoni zasemanzini nezama-semi-aquatic zomndeni we-plover.
Omunye wabamele bendabuko bama-waders yimilenze emide isihlalo se-sandpiper. Igqame phakathi kwezinye ngomlomo wayo oguquguqukayo, imilenze emide, namaphiko enweba ngale kwemikhawulo yomsila oqondile, njengethambo lomkhomo.
Incazelo nezici
Kubekiwe ithole igama layo kusuka emilenzeni evulekile lapho ihamba khona phansi ngokungaqinisekile, njengakulezi zingodo. Imilenze ingama-18-20 cm ubude, njengoba ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-33-40. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abomvu noma abomvana ngokugqamile. Njengehlaya, singasho ukuthi le nyoni "inama-leggings abomvana."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezici ezikhethekile, uqhwaku oluqondile, olude nolumnyama. Kubukhulu bonke bomzimba, ingxenye yesithupha iwela phezu komlomo, cishe ngo-6-7 cm.Isisindo sayo singama-200 g, cishe njengejuba. Umbala weqhawe lethu umnyama nomhlophe wakudala. Ikhanda, intamo, ngaphambili, ngaphansi nendawo encane ngenhla komsila zimhlophe, zinhle ngombala.
Izimpiko nomhlane, ngokushintshela ezinhlangothini, kuqhathanisa okumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabesifazane abadala, umbala omnyama uphonswa ngokuluhlaza, nakwabesilisa - ngomthunzi wesinamoni. Ngokungafani nabazala bayo, i-stylobeak inonqenqema oluqondile, kunokuba lube nolugobile phezulu, imilenze emide, kodwa intamo emfushane.
Uzwane lwangemuva luyancipha, i-paw ibukeka iminwe emithathu. Kukhona iwebhu encane phakathi kwezinzwane zesibili nezesithathu. Izimpiko zincane, zinde futhi zikhombe ekugcineni. Iphiko lamaphiko lingama-67-83 cm. Kubekwe esithombeni ufana nonogolantethe omncane, muhle, ugqoke kahle futhi uvame ukubanjwa emanzini, njengaleyo. Ubonakala kahle kuyo, futhi kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi isakhi samanzi yikhaya lakhe. Izimpiko ezigoqiwe zigelezela kahle emsileni.
Ngaphakathi zimhlophe. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, izimpaphe zowesilisa osekhulile ziba mnyama kakhulu ekhanda elimhlophe, kuthi kuvele i-yarmulke emnyama ngemuva kwekhanda. Bese ebukeka njengokhadinali. Insikazi inezimpaphe ezifiphele. Ezinyonini ezincane, zonke izindawo ezimnyama zilula kakhulu kunabantu abadala.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo lwe-stilt lubandakanya izinhlobo ezi-5 zezinyoni ezihlala enkabeni yeYurophu, eningizimu ye-Afrika, e-Australia, eNew Zealand naseMelika. Okudume kakhulu kulezi yizinsika ezijwayelekile, ezimnyama nezimthende.
Isitaki esimthende sase-Australia sitholakala e-Australia kuphela. Ifana kakhulu nokujwayelekile, yimilenze kuphela emifushane kancane. Ubuye abe nolwelwesi lokubhukuda phakathi kwazo zonke izinzwane zakhe. Kunomehluko owodwa wezimpaphe nowokuqala, unendawo emnyama eguqukayo engezansi kwentamo, ewela esifubeni esimhlophe ngomugqa. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibizwa ngegama elinemishwe. Kubhekwa njengomuntu ophakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-stilt ne-awl.
Isitaki esimnyama Igqame phakathi kwezihlobo zayo ngoba imnyama futhi ihlala eNew Zealand kuphela. Izimpiko zayo nangemuva kunombala oluhlaza okotshani. Imilenze imifushane kancane kanti uqhwaku lude kunolomlomo ojwayelekile. Izinyoni ezincane kuphela ezingaba neziqhingi zezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Njengoba zikhula, ziba mnyama ngokuphelele. Ngokwemvelo, abekho ngaphezu kwabantu abayi-100 bale nyoni, ngenxa yalokhu, isengozini. Imbangela yale nhlekelele kwakuwumsebenzi wabantu. Wandisa izindawo zakhe kwezolimo, wakha amadamu, futhi kuhlala kunezilwane eziningi ezizingelayo eduze kwabantu - amakati, amagundane kanye nama-hedgehogs. Konke lokhu kwaholela ekuqothulweni kwesitebele esimnyama.
Isiqhingi saseNyakatho, i-sicklebeak, evamile, i-Australia, i-American, ne-Andean shiloklyuv - bonke bangabizwa ngokuthi yizihlobo ezisondelene kakhulu nesihlibhi sethu sesihlabathi. Bavela emndenini we-oda le-shilok-billed lamaplovers. Lezi yizinyoni eziphila emanzini nezisemanzini ezisakazeke emhlabeni wonke.
Bahlukile nge-morphology, indlela abaziphatha ngayo nendawo abahlala kuyo. Zintathu kuphela izinto ezivamile - imilenze emide nocingo, kanye nokuphila eduze kwamanzi. Kude, kepha noma kunjalo izihlobo zazo zingathathwa njenge-snipe, i-lapwings, ama-sea gull, ama-Arctic terns, ama-sandpipers, ama-skuas nezinye izinyoni eziningi ezihlala eduze kwamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Lezi zidalwa zimelwe kabanzi kuwo wonke umhlaba, lapho kukhona amadamu. Babehlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. Azikwazi ukutholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, e-Arctic nasezindaweni ezomile. Isiteki sihlala emanzini avulekile, kokubili amanzi amasha nasawoti.
Kungabonakala ethekwini ngasolwandle, engxenyeni engasogwini echibini, eduze nogu lomfula ngisho nasexhaphozini. Indawo esemqoka yokuhlala isitaki esivamile yiYurophu, ingxenye yayo emaphakathi, eseningizimu. ICaspian Sea, uLwandle Olumnyama, indawo esemaqeleni eSouth Urals naseWestern Siberia yizindawo zakhe azithandayo eRussia.
Ama-waders kuphela ahlala ezindaweni ezifudumele abalekela ebusika. Baya e-Afrika naseningizimu ye-Asia. Abantu baseNingizimu abazona izinyoni ezifudukayo. Leli zwi elinezimpiko libukhali futhi alilindelekile, lifana nokukhonkotha kwenja encane.
Isiteki siyamemeza, kodwa kubonakala sengathi umdlwane udlala eduze. Zihlala zombili ngazimbili ezihlukene nasemakoloni, lapho kunezimbhangqwana ezingaba yishumi nambili. Zivamise ukubonwa hlangana namanye ama-waders, gulls kanye ne-terns.
Izinyoni zihlala emanzini yonke intwasahlobo, ihlobo nasekuqaleni kokwindla. Babekezelela ukushisa, imimoya ebandayo nesimo sezulu esibi. Uma umoya unamandla kakhulu ukusuka emanzini, bazithola bekhosela. Zivame ukubonakala eceleni kwamanzi enziwe ngabantu.
Kodwa-ke, lapho bebona umuntu, babaleka ngokushesha. Lapho zindiza, zisebenzisa imilenze yazo emide njengephini lokuqondisa. Bahamba ngendlela eyinqaba, bathathe izinyathelo ezinkulu, bancike esidladleni sabo sonke. Ngemuva kwabo, iminonjana emikhulu yesitho seminwe emithathu ihlala esihlabathini.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Emhlabeni, uziphatha kabi, imilenze yakhe edumile iyamphazamisa. Emanzini, uhamba ngokukhululeka efuna ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igibela ijule kunezinye izinyoni eziningi. Ngakho-ke, unokudla okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, enezimpaphe iyakwazi ukubhukuda futhi icwile. Uyakwazi ukuhamba amahora amaningi aye esiswini esisemanzini, eqoqa konke okudliwayo okuza endleleni.
Idla kakhulu izibungu nezinambuzane. Izigaxa zesihlabathi ezihleliwe zihlala emaxhaphozini aminyene, hlola zonke izindawo ngemuva kwegagasi eliphansi lapho zifuna ama-molluscs nama-crustaceans. Ungayideleli i-duckweed eluhlaza nezinye izitshalo zasemanzini. Eduze nolwandle, zithanda ukumba odakeni, zikhethe izikelemu nonozinti. Emhlabathini, zizingela kancane, ngoba azikhululekile ngakho.
Isikhathi sokuzingela uqobo sithakazelisa. Nangu ehamba, ephakamisela imilenze yakhe phezulu, ebuka ngokucophelela ebusweni bushelelezi bamanzi. Ngokuphazima kweso kudlula ujekamanzi, osondele kakhulu ebusweni. Ngokunyakaza okucijile, le nyoni iphonsa ikhanda layo phambili kancane ngomlomo ovulekile bese iyayishaya njengesicupho. Kwesinye isikhathi uze abhamphe noma acwilise inyamazane, kuya ngokuthi ilitshe likuphi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuphela ingxenye yangemuva nomsila ebonakalayo evela ngaphandle.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka emibili. Imvamisa, befika ebusika, bahlukana ngababili, bese bahlala ndawonye iminyaka eminingana. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, abesifazane basebenza kakhulu, bakhetha owesilisa. Sebekhombisile izimpawu zokunakwa nokuqedela inqubo yokukhwelana, baqala ukwenza ikhaya lezizukulwane ezizayo. Isikhathi sokwakha izidleke - Ephreli-Juni, kanye ngonyaka.
Uma isiteki sakha isidleke osebeni olomile, kumane kungumgodi oseduze kwamanzi. Okungcono, uyimboza ngotshani obomile obuncane. Kepha uma indawo yokuhlala isendaweni enexhaphozi, lezi zinyoni zakha isakhiwo sangempela sokwakha. Okokuqala, bakha isisekelo samatshe amancane, bese benza izindonga ezimise okwezitsha ngezinti ezincane, amahlumela notshani.
Kuvela ukwakhiwa okunokuphakama okungaba ngu-6-8 cm esisekelweni samatshe. Ngaphakathi esidlekeni kufakwe utshani obuthambile, ubulembu noma ifula. Ngokuvamile kukhona amaqanda ama-4 ohlobo oluphawuleka kakhulu ku-clutch. Igobolondo ngokwalo lingaba mpunga oluhlaza okotshani noma obhemayo, kepha limbozwe ama-specks amancane nama-curls we-terracotta noshokoledi shades.
Kubukeka njengohlobo oluthile lwento yasendulo. Iqanda lingosayizi oyi-4-4.5 cm, limise okwe-oblong kancane, futhi selimemezele ukuphela okucijile nokubuthuntu. Esidlekeni, amaqanda alala ngophetho lwawo olubukhali maqondana maphakathi nebamba, aluhlaza ngaphandle. Ama-clutches abekwa ngoMeyi, ama-brood avela ngoJuni, isikhathi sokufukamela cishe izinsuku ezingama-25.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi sokufukamela, bayashintshana ngamaqanda. Futhi lapho omunye umzali ehleli, omunye umlethela ukudla. Amachwane achanyuselwa azimela eneminyaka eyi-1. Esidlekeni, zondliwa ngokucophelela, ziletha ukudla okuncane. Bonke ubusha baholwa abazali bobabili. Ukufingqa, ake sithi lokho inyoni stilt unakekela kakhulu futhi uthembekile.
Izimpaphe zezinyoni ezincane azinawo amathoni amnyama, kunamathoni ansundu athambile. Bahlala ngasogwini, ngoba abakwazi ukubhukuda okwamanje. Izinambuzane nezibungu kusebenza njengokudla kwazo. Ngokukhula, izimpaphe ziyaqina kancane bese zithola umehluko. Bahlala isikhathi eside, ekuthunjweni cishe iminyaka eyi-12. Ngokwemvelo, izinto eziningi zithinta iminyaka yokuphila.
Ezindaweni ezishisayo, abantu baphephile. Inani lalo kuma-Apennines liyakhula, kepha eNdiya, eNew Zealand, eRussia, abafakwa. Ukwehliswa kwesibalo sabantu kuthonywa yizizathu eziningi - ukwakhiwa kokuchelela, amadlelo amakhulu.
Izidleke eziningi ziyashabalala emachibini agciniwe nasemasimini elayisi ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphoqelelwe ezingeni lamanzi. Abantu bavame ukusetha amakamu ezokuvakasha eduze nezindawo zemvelo zokwakha izidleke. Izinyoni ezingamagwababa zifika zicekele phansi izidleke zama-waders amancane.
Okuzwakalayo, okugqamile, okuboshwe ngokuzidela esidlekeni, isiqu sisengozini enkulu yabazingeli abazingeli kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ukukhula kwabantu akubalulekanga kangako, kwesinye isikhathi kuyehla. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kokubhujiswa kwe-clutch yokuqala, benza eyesibili ngesizini ngayinye, okuyinto engajwayelekile kulezi zinyoni. Kepha banesifiso sokuphila. Badinga ukuvikelwa ngokuphuthumayo kubantu.
Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo - ngabe kukhona stilt eNcwadini Ebomvu noma cha? Ifakiwe ohlwini lwezilwane ezivikelwe eRed Book yaseRussia nakwisijobelelo seBonn Convention. Kuvikelwe ezinqolobaneni nasezindaweni ezingcwele eziningi eRussia. Manje sekuxazululwa umsebenzi wokunciphisa amadlelo emfuyo ezindaweni zamakholoni amaningi ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kukhona ukukhuthazwa okusebenzayo kokuvikelwa kwesitaki phakathi kwabantu bendawo
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
- Ama-Stiller angabazali abanomthwalo wemfanelo nabangenabugovu. Ngokubona ukuba seduze kwesilwane esidlekeni, enye yezinyoni iyasuka izame ukususa isitha. Ngasikhathi sinye, bavame ukwenza sengathi balimele futhi abakwazi ukusuka. Imvamisa iselelesi sigijimela ukulandela isisulu kalula, sishiya isidleke kude siphephe amachwane. Futhi isitaki sobuqili siyakhuphuka futhi sibuye.
- Emazweni ashisayo, le nyoni kufanele ipholise amaqanda achanyuselwe. Ngaphambi kokuhlala ku-clutch, insikazi imanzisa isifuba sayo nesisu sayo emanzini.
- Uma uthatha isilinganiso esiphakathi komlenze nobude bomzimba, isitaki sesibili kuphela ku-flamingo kulesi sigaba.
- Inyoni ehleli ku-clutch ngokuzibandakanya "yenza i-yoga". Imilenze yakhe emide ibekwe emuva ngangokunokwenzeka futhi igobile engeli. Uphoqeleka ukuba kulesi sikhundla isikhathi eside.
- Izimpaphe zalo zicace bha kangangokuba emanzini acwebile ukubukeka kungaphanjaniswa nenyoni yesibili. UMikhail Prishvin unendaba ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Reflection. Lapho inja yokuzingela yadideka ukuthi iyiphi kulezi zintambo ezimbili ezihlala emasimini ezingakhetha kuzo. Ngakho waphaphalaza emanzini ngemuva kokucabanga.
