I-Tench yizinhlanzi zasemanzini angenawo usawoti zomndeni we-carp. Ihlala emifuleni ezolile, kanye neminye imizimba emisha yamanzi egeleza ngokukhululeka futhi ejwayelekile kubadobi. Le nhlanzi, inyama yayo ebhekwa njengeyiphundu futhi edlayo, nayo ifuyelwa emachibini okufakelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo, i-tench ingahlala ngisho nasemachibini angakulungele ukuzalanisa nokukhula kwe-carp.
Incazelo ye-tench
Ngokuvela kwale nhlanzi, awukwazi ngisho ukusho ukuthi i-tench isihlobo esiseduze se-carp: yehluke kakhulu kunalokho ngokubukeka... Izikali zayo ezincane eziphuzi zimbozwe ungqimba olujiyile lwamafinyila, oluvame ukoma ngokushesha emoyeni, bese luhamba lube izingqimba bese luyawa. Le slime ayivumeli kuphela i-tench ukuthi ihambe kalula ngaphansi kwamanzi, kodwa futhi iyayivikela ezilwaneni eziyingozi.
Ukubukeka
Kumbozwe ungqimba lwamafinyila, omfushane, omude nomzimba ojiyile okhuluphele, ombozwe izikali ezincane kakhulu, okwenza izikali ezingama-90 kuye kwezingu-120 kulayini ohlangothini.
Umbala womzimba ubonakala uluhlaza noma womnqumo, kepha uma uxebula amafinyila enhlanzini noma uyiyeka yome ngokwemvelo, uzobona ukuthi, empeleni, umbala wezikali ze-tench uphuzi ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ibukeka iluhlaza okotshani ngenxa yesicubu esivala umbala wemvelo wezikali. Kuncike echibini okuhlala kulo lokhu noma kulo mfanekiso, umthunzi wezikali zawo ungasuka kokukhanya, isihlabathi esiphuzi esinombala oluhlaza okotshani size sicishe sibe mnyama.
Ezinqolobaneni ezinenhlabathi enosilika noma epeyinti, umbala wezikali uzoba mnyama, kuyilapho kuleyo mifula noma emachibini, ngaphansi kwawo embozwe inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma eyisihlabathi, kuzokhanya kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukholakala ukuthi igama lale nhlanzi lalingenxa yokuthi emoyeni amafinyila, amboza umzimba wawo ngongqimba olujiyile, ayoma futhi awe, ukuze kubonakale sengathi inhlanzi iyancibilika.
Kodwa-ke, indlela yokuphila ehleli phansi yaba nomthelela eqinisweni lokuthi enye inguqulo yemvelaphi yegama yavela - kusuka egameni elithi "ubuvila", okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi laqala ukuzwakala njenge "tench".
Ezinye izici zangaphandle
- Ubukhulu: ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba bungaba kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-40, yize kukhona nezibonelo ezingahle zibe ngu-70 cm ubude zize zifinyelele ku-7.5 kg.
- Amaphiko mfushane, unikeze umbono wokuthi ujiyile kancane futhi, njengomzimba wonke wenhlanzi, umbozwe amafinyila. Njengoba zinombala ofanayo nezikali eziseduze nezisekelo zazo, amaphiko amnyama ngokusobala ngasemaphethelweni; kweminye imigqa angacishe abe mnyama. Umphetho we-caudal awenzi inothi, yingakho ubukeka ucishe uqonde.
- Izindebe i-tench inesithunzi esinyene, esinenyama, esikhanyayo kakhulu kunezikali.
- Amancane amancane amila emakhoneni omlomo izimpondo - isici esigcizelela ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-tench ne-carp.
- Amehlo encane futhi isethwe ngokujulile, umbala wabo ubomvu-orange.
- I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwe kahle: amaphiko ezinqeni zabesilisa balezi zinhlobo ajiyile futhi makhulu kunawabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bancane ngokuphawulekayo kunabangane babo, ngoba bakhula ngokushesha kunabo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuma-subspecies akhiqizwe ngokuziqambela alezi zinhlanzi, i-golden tench, izikali zine-hue yegolide evelele, futhi amehlo amnyama kunalawo amanye ama-tench.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Ngokungafani nabanye abameleli abaningi bomndeni we-carp, i-tench ihamba kancane futhi ayijahile. Le nhlanzi iyaqaphela futhi inamahloni, ngakho-ke kungaba nzima ukuyibamba. Uma i-tench nokho iwela olugibeni, lapho-ke, ukukhishwa emanzini, kuguquka ngokoqobo: iba yiselula futhi ibe nolaka, imelana ngokuqinile futhi kaningi, ikakhulukazi uma isampuli enkulu ibanjiwe, iyakwazi ukuphuma kwi-hook bese ibuyela endaweni yayo amanzi.
Imigqa yabantu abadala izama ukuhola indlela yokuphila yodwa, kepha izinhlanzi ezincane zivame ukwakha izikole zabantu abayi-5-15. I-tench iphakela ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlwa kosuku. Noma kunjalo, akakuthandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, uzama ukuhlala ekujuleni okwanele nasezindaweni ezifakwe izitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphandle kokuthi i-tench iyinhlanzi ehlala phansi futhi ihamba kancane, iyakwazi ukwenza ukufuduka kokudla kwansuku zonke, isuke ogwini iye ekujuleni nasemuva. Futhi ngesikhathi sokuzala, uyakwazi nokuhamba ethungatha indawo elula kakhulu yokuzala.
Ekupheleni kwekwindla, le nhlanzi iya ezansi futhi, ingcwatshwe ngodaka, ingene ebusika obukhulu. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokushisa kwamanzi echibini kufudumele kuze kufike ku- +4 degrees, imigqa iyavuka futhi, ishiye izindawo zayo zobusika, iye ezindaweni ezisogwini, egcwele kakhulu izitshalo zasemanzini. Imizila ye-tench yokufuna ukudla idlula eduze kwemingcele yomhlanga noma yotshani. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, iba yindabamlonyeni futhi izame ukuhlala isondele ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zedamu. Kepha, ngokusondela kwekwindla, lapho amanzi esepholile, umsebenzi wawo uyanda ngokuphawulekayo.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-tench
Lezi zinhlanzi zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-12-16, futhi ukukhula kwazo kuvame ukuhlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-6-7.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala i-tench ihlanganisa iYurophu nengxenye yamazwe ase-Asia, lapho isimo sezulu esipholile sikhona. Uhlala emithonjeni efudumele emile - amachibi, amachibi, i-stavakh, amadamu, noma imifula ehamba kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi imigqa ayithobeki ekugcwaliseni amanzi nge-oxygen, kanye ne-asidi yayo kanye nosawoti wayo, lezi zinhlanzi zizizwa zizinhle emaxhaphozini, emilonyeni yemifula nasezixhaphozini ezinamanzi anobumnandi.
Ezindaweni ezinezansi zamatshe, kanye nezinqolobane ezinamanzi abandayo nemisinga, cishe azihlali. Kuyaqabukela kakhulu emachibini asezintabeni nasemifuleni.
Okubalulekile! Ukuze bathole impilo entofontofo, bakudinga ngokuphelele ukutholakala echibini le-algae nezitshalo eziphansi ezansi, ezinjengomhlanga noma umhlanga, ezihlahleni lapho imigqa ibheka inyamazane yabo nalapho icasha khona kubazingeli.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala i-tench, lolu hlobo luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezine zemvelo. Abamele babo bahluka kancane ezicini zomthethosisekelo wabo, futhi okuncane, kunombala wezikali.
- Ichibi tench. Ihlala emadamini amakhulu nasemachibini.
- Pondova. Ihlala emizimbeni emincane yamanzi anemvelaphi yemvelo nokufakelwa. Mncane kancane futhi mncane kunechibi. Kepha, uma uhlala i-echibi lesiziba echibini, khona-ke lizothatha ngokushesha inani elilahlekile futhi lingabonakali ngokuhlukile ezihlotsheni zalo ezihlale echibini impilo yazo yonke.
- Umfula. Ihlala emifuleni noma amatheku emifula, kanye nasemagatsheni noma eziteshini ezinomsinga ophansi. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kuncane kakhulu kunemigqa yamachibi namachibi. Futhi, kuzinhlobo zezinhlobo zemifula, umlomo ungahle ugobe phezulu phezulu.
- I-tench yemifino. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlala ezindaweni ezihlaliswe kabusha yizinhlanzi, abameleli balezi zinhlobo behla kakhulu ekukhuleni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, i-tench ikhula ingadluli u-12 cm ubude. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kunezinye zonke futhi luhlala cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yokugcina amanzi angenasawoti.
Ukudla komugqa
Isisekelo sokudla kwalezi zinhlanzi ukudla kwezilwane, yize kwesinye isikhathi zingadla nokudla kwezitshalo. Izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezihlala emanzini nasemizimbeni yamanzi eseduze zingaba yinto yokuzingelwa: izinambuzane ezinezibungu zazo, kanye nezimbungulu, ama-crustaceans nezibungu. Ngentwasahlobo, badla ngenjabulo ulwelwe namahlumela aluhlaza ezitshalo ezinjenge-sedge, urut, umhlanga, i-cattail, ichibi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zinhlanzi azinakho okuthandwa yisizini, ngokuvamile azithobeki ekudleni futhi zidla konke okudliwayo ezingakuthola.
Ngokuyinhloko, imigqa idla ezindaweni eziseduze nezansi ezine-peat noma inhlabathi enodaka, kanye nasezihlahleni zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze zithole ukudla, lezi zinhlanzi zimba phansi, yingakho amabhamuza amancane omoya edlula kukholamu lamanzi aze afike ebusweni besiziba, anikeze indawo yethenti.
Ekwindla lezi zinhlanzi ziqala ukondla okuncane kunangesikhathi esifudumele sosuku, futhi ngesikhathi sasebusika, imigqa ayondli ngalutho.
Kepha, lapho nje ngemuva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo iba shushu ngokwanele, lezi zinhlanzi zivuka ebusheni basebusika bese zibhukuda zisondela ngasogwini zifuna ukudla okunomsoco wesitshalo noma imvelaphi yezilwane. Kulokhu, olayini badla izibungu zomiyane ngenjabulo ekhethekile.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-Tench iyinhlanzi e-thermophilic ngakho-ke izala entwasahlobo, noma ngisho nasekuqaleni kwehlobo... Njengomhlaba odala amanzi, imvamisa amanzi angajulile anamanzi ahamba kancane, avikelwe emoyeni futhi agcwele kakhulu izimila zasemanzini kuyakhethwa. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kwenziwa ngokujula okungama-30-80 cm futhi kuvame ukunamathiselwa emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ezihlahleni ezehliselwa emanzini akhula ngasogwini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana ngekhefu lezinsuku eziyi-10-14. Inqubo yokuzalanisa ifaka phakathi abantu asebevele bafinyelele eminyakeni engu-3-4 futhi benesisindo okungenani esingu-200-400 g. Ngokuphelele, inani lamaqanda azalelwe insikazi ngenkathi eyodwa lingafinyelela kusuka kuzicucu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuye kwezingu-500, ngenkathi livuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu - - okungenani amahora 70-75.
Amafry ashiywe ngamaqanda, ubukhulu bawo abudluli ku-3.5 mm, anamathiselwe ku-substrate, bese kuthi ezinye izinsuku ezingama-3-4 zihlale endaweni efanayo lapho zazalelwa khona. Sonke lesi sikhathi, isibungu sikhula ngamandla, sondla ngemali yezikhwama ze-yolk sac ezisasele.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-fry iqale ukubhukuda yodwa, bayabuthana emihlambini futhi, bacashe ezimileni ezimanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi, badle i-plankton yezilwane no-algae unicellular. Futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba sesivele sifinyelele usayizi ongaba ngu-1.5 cm, ama-juveniles aya ezansi, lapho ashintshela ekudleni okunomsoco, ikakhulukazi okuqukethe izinto ze-benthic.
Izitha zemvelo
Kubantu abadala, empeleni azikho izitha zemvelo. Iqiniso ngukuthi amafinyila amboza imizimba yawo awajabulisi kwezinye izinhlanzi ezidlayo noma ezinye izilwane ezidlayo, imvamisa edla izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke azizingeli. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-pikes nama-perches angahlasela i-tench gazinga.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
EYurophu, i-tench isakazeke kakhulu, kepha kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia, ikakhulukazi ezisempumalanga ye-Urals, le nhlanzi ihlushwa kakhulu ukuzingelwa kanye nokungcoliswa kwendawo yayo yemvelo. Isici se-anthropogenic ngokujwayelekile singaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu enanini lezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-tench, emvelweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwenzeka noma abantu bengayilimazi ngamabomu imvelo, kepha izenzo zabo zingalimaza inani lezinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla okukhulu ezingeni lamanzi emadamini ebusika kuvame ukuholela ekufeni komugqa wobusika ngaphansi kwedamu. Kulesi simo, izinhlanzi zivame ukuvela zifriziwe eqhweni, noma ungqimba lwamanzi olungaphansi kwalo kuvele lwanele ukuthi imigqa idlule ngaphezulu ngokwejwayelekile, igobhoze phansi odakeni echibini.
Okubalulekile! EJalimane, ezifundeni zase-Irkutsk naseYaroslavl, kanye naseBuryatia, imigqa ibhalwe kuRed Book.
Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, uma sikhuluma ngesimo esijwayelekile salolu hlobo, khona-ke inani labantu abasemgqeni abekho engcupheni futhi banikezwe isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo "okubangela ukukhathazeka okuncane".
Inani lokuhweba
ITench akuyona enye yezinhlanzi ezibalulekile ezidayiswayo ezibanjwe endaweni yazo yemvelo, ngakho-ke, kumadamu emvelo, ibanjwa kakhulu ngabadobi be-amateur. Kodwa-ke, le nhlanzi ifuywa ngobuningi emachibini ezinhlanzi. Okokuqala, lokhu kungenxa yokungathobeki kwemigqa ezimweni zokugcina kwabo nokuthi bangaphila ngisho nasemachibini angakulungele ukuzalanisa nokukhulisa ukhaphethi.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-swordfish
- Izinhlanzi zaseMarlin
- I-Goldfish
- Uhlobo lwenhlanzi
I-Tench iyinhlanzi engezansi ehamba kancane ehlala emadamini anomsinga ophansi futhi idla ikakhulukazi kuma-invertebrate amancane. Le nhlanzi inekhono eliyingqayizivele: ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda ngokushesha okungokwemvelo, ukuze ifry liqhume kungakapheli amahora angama-70-75 ngemuva kokuthi amaqanda abekwe ngowesifazane. Okunye, okumangazayo kangako kwalezi zinhlanzi amafinyila amboze umzimba wawo.
Iqukethe ama-antibiotic emvelo, ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalokhu, imigqa igula kakhulu kaningi kunezinye izinhlanzi eziningi.... Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-mucus nayo yenza umsebenzi wokuvikela: isabisa izilwane ezizingelayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu bakujabulela ukunambitheka kwenyama ye-tench, lapho kungalungiswa khona izitsha eziningi ezimnandi, ngakho-ke le nhlanzi ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezinhle ngabadobi, ikakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi isisindo sayo singafinyelela ku-7 kg noma ngaphezulu.
