Emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi, kunezinto eziningi ezinhle zasolwandle ezinokubukeka okubabazekayo nokukhumbulekayo. Lezi zinhlanzi "ezisontekile" zifaka isikali esivamile... Ngokubukeka kwakhe okuthandekayo, ukungathobeki nokuziphatha okuhle, sekuyisikhathi eside eba ngumhlali unomphela hhayi wemifula eshisayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezindawo zasemanzini zasekhaya.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isikali esivamile
Uhlobo lwe-scalar luthathe imvelaphi yalo emvelweni kusuka kuzinhlanzi zamathambo, ezavela njengomphumela wokuvela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-290 edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela kubazala bamathambo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-70 eyedlule, kwavela wonke amaPerchiformes, agcina aba nokwehluka kakhulu kangangokuba njengamanje umyalo wePerchiformes uthathwa njengoningi kakhulu ngokuya ngenani lezinhlobo zezinhlanzi (izinhlobo eziyi-11,255).
Ividiyo: Isikali esivamile
Ulwazi lokuqala lwemibhalo mayelana nama-scalar luqala emuva ku-1823, lapho bachazwa ngusosayensi waseJalimane uSchulze, wababiza ngokuthi nguZeus scalaris. Izinhlanzi zaqala ukulethwa eYurophu zivela eNingizimu Melika ngo-1911, kodwa zonke izinhlobo zafa. Ukukhiqizwa ngempumelelo kwama-scalars kwaqala ngemuva kwesikhathi ngo-1924.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: “ERussia, impumelelo ekuzaleni isikali satholakala ngengozi. Ngo-1928, umnikazi wezinhlanzi ezishibhile u-A. Smirnov waya enkundleni yemidlalo, ngalesi sikhathi i-heater e-aquarium yasha futhi amanzi ashubela ku-32 ° C. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, wayelindelwe isimanga - izibazi zaqala ukuzala. "
Njengamanje, ngemizamo yabafuyi, isikali esivamile sithole ukufunwa okubanzi ku-aquaristics, ngaphandle kwalokho, abantu abafuywayo bahlukile kubakhileyo bemvelo ngohlobo lwemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene. Uhlobo lweScalari luyingxenye yomndeni wakwaTsikhlov, isigaba esenziwe iRay, iqembu lePercoid.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zesikali emvelweni:
- Okuvamile;
- Phezulu;
- Scalaria Leopold.
Igama lesiLatini lohlobo lwe-scalar olutholwe ku-zoologist wase-Austrian I.Ya. UHeckel ngo-1840 - iPterophyllum scalare. Ukuhunyushwa kwegama kuzwakale isiRussia kuzwakala "njengeqabunga elinamaphiko", elihambisana kakhulu nesithombe sabo sangaphandle. Isiteketiso esivame kakhulu sezikali yi-angelfish. I-Scalaria vulgaris yehlukile ezihlotsheni ngomndeni ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-morphological, isimilo nokuziphatha kokuzala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zesikali
I-Scalaria ezejwayelekile inezici zezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Umzimba uphakeme, umncane, uyicaba emaceleni. Ikhanda linokuma kukanxantathu, linamehlo amakhulu abomvu ezinhlangothini;
- Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi bumaphakathi, ubude babantu abadala bufinyelela ku-12-15 cm, futhi ukuphakama kungafika kumasentimitha angama-20. Owesilisa nowesifazane cishe bayalingana ngamapharamitha, owesilisa mkhulu kancane;
- Amaphiko emhlane nangendunu alengiswe ngemikhawulo ekhonjiwe, okwenza inhlanzi ibukeke njengenhla. Amaphiko wepectoral yizimpondo ezinde;
- Umbala womzimba wesikali esivamile u-grey osiliva onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okugqama ngawo imivimbo emine emile mpo; Umugqa wokuqala uwela amehlo ezinhlanzi, owokugcina udlula esifundeni se-fin ye-caudal. Ngemuva kunethunzi elimnyama.
Iqiniso elihehayo: “IScalaria vulgaris iyakwazi ukushintsha umbala wemivimbo emi mpo emzimbeni iye kokulengayo. Lolu shintsho lwenzeka naye ezimeni ezicindezelayo. "
Abesilisa nabesifazane abahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Lapho sesikhulile, owesilisa unomphetho omude wokugcoba futhi unesikhwama esinamafutha ebunzini, ngakho-ke ibunzi liyindilinga, kanti owesifazane uyisicaba. Izici eziphawulekayo ezihlukile zivela kuzo kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kwowesilisa, kuvela i-vas deferens ekhonjiwe futhi emincane ngaphansi kwesisu, kuthi kowesifazane, kuvulwe i-ovipositor ebanzi.
Ihlala kuphi isikali esivamile?
Isithombe: fish scalar
Isikali esivamile inhlanzi eshisayo yasemanzini angenasawoti. Indawo ehlala kuyo ingamachibi ezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika, umcengezi woMfula i-Amazon omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, osuka ePeru uye ogwini olusempumalanga yeBrazil, nomfula i-Orinoco River. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka nangendlela yabantu abambalwa emifuleni yaseGuiana nasezinkangala zaseBrazil.
Insimu ye-Amazon ibhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala ekahle yezikali, ngoba ihlala inamazinga okushisa aphezulu wamanzi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizeni lezi zinhlanzi. Emanzini alo, ahlangana nezinye izakhamizi ezinobungane kulezi zindawo ezithakazelisayo, ngokwesibonelo: imidlwane, izinkemba, ama-neon, idiski. Ngokubambisana bakha inani elikhulu labahlali bomfula - abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili no-2,5.
Isibalo sabantu esikalini ngaphezu kwakho konke sikhetha ukuhlala emizileni emincane yemifula egeleza kancane, imifula yamachibi, amaxhaphozi nezigodi zemifula ezigcwele. Imfuneko yendawo yabo yokuhlala amahlathi aminyene.
Lapho kuzalaniswa, amaqanda ajwayelekile we-scalar abekela amaqanda emaqabungeni abanzi ezitshalo zasemanzini, ngakho-ke akhetha ukuhlala emadamini anezimila eziminyene, phakathi kwawo ukukhula okuncane okuncane kungacasha kalula ezitheni.
Yini edliwa yisikali esivamile?
Isithombe: Scalaria vulgaris
Endaweni yabo yemvelo, izibazi ezivamile zisebenza njengezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye.
Isisekelo sokudla kwabo kwansuku zonke yilezi zilwane ezilandelayo:
- ama-invertebrate amancane - i-daphnia, i-cyclops, i-tubifex;
- izinambuzane ezincane nezibungu zazo ezihlala ebusweni bamanzi;
- Fry yezinye izinhlanzi ezincane.
Ukuzama ukudlula inyamazane, izikali zikhula ngesivinini esikhulu, eziziphatha kalula ngosizo lomzimba omncane nezimpiko ezinde eziqinile. Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinhlanzi zichitha isikhathi esiningi zicashe ku-algae, azisetshenziswa njenge-substrate enezakhi, ngoba zidinga ukudla kwamaprotheni.
Izibungu zesikali esivamile zisebenzisa okuqukethwe kwe-yolk sac njenge-substrate yezakhi. Njengoba ziguquka zisuka kwizibungu zibe yifry, ziya ngokuya zishintshele ekudleni kweplankton encane. Amafry avuthiwe afunda ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu, ngosizo lwabazali babo.
Njengamanje, isikali sesamukelwe kabanzi futhi sasetshenziswa njengenhlanzi yokuhlobisa ezindaweni zasemanzini, lapho sondliwa ngenhlanganisela yezithako zenyama (ama-bloodworms, izibungu zomiyane) kanye nezengezo zamakhambi (izingcezu zesipinashi namahlamvu ulethisi). Ukudla kungaba ngesimo se-flakes esomile, kanye nokuphila nokubanda.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Angelfish fish
AmaScariari yizakhamuzi ezijwayelekile, ezinokuthula zamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Zithanda ukuhlala emihlambini, lapho kwakhiwa ngazimbili phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane. Isici esiphawuleka ngababili besikali ukuthembeka kwabo komunye nomunye empilweni yabo yonke.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: "Uma umbhangqwana omunye wabashadikazi efa, lowo osele ngeke abheke omunye umngane impilo yakhe yonke."
Abamele izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-scalar bayashintsha, basebenzisa isikhathi sabo esiningi phakathi kwamahlathi amanzi. Ngenxa yomzimba wabo ophahlazekile, babhukuda kalula phakathi kwe-thalli ye-algae, futhi imivimbo emile emzimbeni isebenza njengokufihla kubo.
Emini zizingela ukudla, kuthi ebusuku ziphumule, zicashe emahlathini ezimila zasemanzini. Ngaphambi kokuzingela, izibazi zihlelwe ngemihlambi emincane. Bacasha ngo-alga ngenkathi belinde inyamazane. Lapho kuvela ukudla okufanele, baphuthuma kuwo nomhlambi wonke bakudabule kube yizicucu.
Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, abantu abavuthiwe bangomakhelwane abanokuthula impela. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuzala, banolaka ikakhulukazi, bezama ukuvikela indawo yabo kanye nenzalo yabo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane banakekele amaqanda bese bethosa ndawonye.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isikali esivamile
Kubantu, izibazi ziba ngabantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi esikhathini esisukela ezinyangeni eziyi-8 kuye kwezingu-12 zokuphila. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala, kwakhiwa ngababili phakathi kwabo, abahlala endaweni ethile endaweni yokuhlala futhi balungiselela ukuzala. Ukwenza lokhu, bathola indawo lapho bazobekela khona amaqanda. Kungaba yidwala noma ingxenye ebanzi yesitshalo sasemanzini. Ndawonye bayayihlanza imfucumfucu noqwembe izinsuku eziningana, bese bephonsa amaqanda amakhulu akhanyayo ebusweni bayo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhumba sowesifazane singabeka amaqanda ayi-150-200. Bese kufika isikhathi esinzima sokuvikela inzalo yabo, nayo eyeduna neyensikazi nayo edlula ndawonye. Basusa amaqanda afile bahlanze abaphilayo. Zivikele ekuhlaselweni ngezinye izinhlanzi. Ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, kuvela izibungu emaqandeni, ahlala ethe njo komunye nomunye futhi angaphansi kokulawulwa ngabazali bawo. Uma ngokungazelelwe kuvela usongo, khona-ke owesilisa nowesifazane bangabadlulisela ngisho nasemilonyeni yabo endaweni ephephile.
Kungakapheli amasonto amabili, izibungu ziguquka zibe gazinga. Isikhathi esithile, abazali abakhathalelayo bayaqhubeka nokunakekela izingane ezingakakhuli. Baqoqa gazinga eqenjini bese behamba nabo, bebavikela ezingozini. Isiza ukusika i-plankton enkulu ukuze ifry idle. Ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwama-scalars ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, singazibiza ngokuzethemba lezi zinhlanzi izihlakaniphi zangempela zomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi. Isikhathi sokuphila ezimweni zemvelo nasekuthunjweni cishe siyiminyaka eyi-8-10.
Izitha zemvelo zesikali esivamile
Isithombe: owesilisa weScalaria
Lapho kuhlala imifula ye-Amazon, isikali esivamile sihlangana nezitha zayo zemvelo lapho. Njengoba inhlanzi incane ngosayizi, ingaba yisisulu sezinhlobo zombili zezinhlanzi ezinkulu kanye nabameleli abaphakathi kwezilwane zemifula.
Lezi zinhlanzi zifaka:
- ama-piranhas, aminzayo ikakhulukazi futhi anamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, angaluma ngisho umunwe noma induku ngawo;
- i-payara - inhlanzi eyaziwa kancane enamazinyo amabili abukhali amazinyo, elilodwa libonakala, kanti elinye lisongwe ngaphakathi emhlathini, futhi linesifiso esihle sokudla;
- I-Aravana ingeyenhlanzi enkulu edlayo, ihlala emanzini angenamanzi emifula anamanzi amile futhi iphakela izinhlanzi ezihlala lapho.
AmaCaimans nawo angakhonjwa ezitheni zesikali. Ngenxa yobuncane babo, imvamisa kufanele baneliswe yizinhlanzi ezincane njengomthombo wokudla. Emzabalazweni wempilo yesikali enkambisweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, wakwazi ukuzivumelanisa.
Amakhadi ayo amakhulu "empi nezitha yilawa:
- umzimba osicaba ukuze uhambe kalula phakathi kwe-algae;
- amaphiko aqinile, amade, akuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise isivinini esisheshayo;
- imivimbo eqondile mpo emzimbeni isiza ukufihla phakathi kwe-algae thalli.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile zesikali
Isibalo sabantu abajwayelekile sinezici ezilandelayo:
- Ngokwemvelo, bahlala emihlambini yabantu abayishumi, lapho kusebenza khona isigaba sabaphathi esiqinile. Amabili amakhulu futhi aqinile ahola ekuzingeleni nasezindaweni ezifanele zokuzalela, azigada ngomona;
- Kunzima ukubala ubukhulu besibalo sabantu ngenxa yokukhethwa okusebenzayo nokuzalaniswa kwalezi zinhlanzi ezimweni zasemanzini nasemakhaya. Kepha kungashiwo ngokusobala ukuthi inani labantu lisenkingeni yalo;
- Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okusebenzayo kwamaqanda, izibungu kanye nefry, izibazi zikwazi ukusindisa iningi lenzalo ekufeni.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola izinhlobo zemvelo zesikhumba kuma-aquariums, ngoba le nhlanzi cishe ayithunyelwa eMelika. Kepha abalimi iminyaka eminingi yokusebenza bakwazile ukuletha ukuhluka okuningi kwalolu hlobo lwe-scalar, olungenakunakwa ngama-amateur aquarists.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: "Abafuyi bakhiqize uhlobo lwe-fluorescent yesikali esikhanya ebumnyameni."
Ngokubheka iqiniso lokukhethwa okubanzi kwamakhaza, asikho isidingo esikhethekile sokubanjwa ngobuningi kwalezi zinhlanzi ezivela ezindaweni zemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-scalar njengamanje zithathwa njengezichumayo. Isikali esivamile - lena yinhlanzi encane enokubukeka okungavamile, okuthi, ngendlela yayo yokuphila "yansuku zonke", isimilo esinokuthula, kanye nokubukeka okumibalabala nokuhlukahluka, kuzuze izinhliziyo zesintu emhlabeni wonke.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/21/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/18/2019 ngo-20: 44
