Izinkinga zemvelo zomhlaba wonke ziyaphuthuma eRussia. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izwe lingelinye lamazwe angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kuthinta izinga lempilo futhi kunomthelela omubi empilweni yabantu. Ukuvela kwezinkinga zemvelo eRussia, njengakwamanye amazwe, kuhlotshaniswa nethonya elinamandla lomuntu emvelweni, okube yingozi futhi kwaba nolaka.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezivamile zemvelo eRussia?
Ukungcoliswa komoya
Ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu yezimboni kwenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu. Ukushisa kukaphethiloli wezimoto, kanye nokushisa kwamalahle, uwoyela, igesi, ukhuni, akulungile emoyeni. Izinhlayiya eziyingozi zingcolisa ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi zilonakalise. Lapho zidedelwa zingena emkhathini, zibanga imvula ene-asidi, yona engcolisa umhlaba nemizimba yamanzi. Zonke lezi zinto ziyimbangela yezifo zomdlavuza zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kanye nokuqothulwa kwezilwane. Ukungcoliswa komoya nakho kunomthelela ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke nokwenyuka kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet evela elangeni;
Ukuqedwa kwamahlathi
Ezweni, inqubo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi cishe ayilawuleki, lapho kunqunywa khona amahektha amakhulu endawo eluhlaza. Imvelo ishintshe kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yezwe, futhi inkinga yokugawulwa kwamahlathi eSiberia nayo iyaphuthuma. Izindawo eziningi zemvelo zamahlathi ziyalungiswa ukuze kudalwe umhlaba wezolimo. Lokhu kuholela ekufudukeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ezindaweni zazo. Umjikelezo wamanzi uyaphazanyiswa, isimo sezulu siyoma futhi kube nomphumela wokushisa okushisayo;
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nenhlabathi
Imfucuza yezimboni nezasekhaya ingcolisa amanzi angaphezulu nangaphansi komhlaba, kanye nomhlabathi. Isimo sibhebhethekiswa wukuthi zimbalwa kakhulu izikhungo zokulungisa amanzi ezweni, futhi iningi lemishini esetshenzisiwe iphelelwe yisikhathi. Futhi, imishini yezolimo nomanyolo kuqeda inhlabathi. Kukhona enye inkinga - ukungcoliswa kwezilwandle ngemikhiqizo kawoyela echithekile. Minyaka yonke, imifula namachibi kungcolisa udoti wamakhemikhali. Zonke lezi zinkinga ziholela ekushodeni kwamanzi okuphuza, ngoba imithombo eminingi ayifanele ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngezinjongo zobuchwepheshe. Futhi kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwemvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, izinhlanzi nezinyoni ziyafa;
Imfucuza yasekhaya
Ngokwesilinganiso, isakhamuzi ngasinye saseRussia senza ama-400 kg kadoti oqinile kamasipala ngonyaka. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma ukusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza (iphepha, ingilazi). Ambalwa kakhulu amabhizinisi abhekana nokulahlwa noma kokuvuselelwa kabusha kwemfucuza ezweni;
Ukungcoliswa kwenuzi
Izinsiza kusebenza ezikhungweni eziningi zamandla enuzi ziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi isimo sisondela enhlekeleleni, ngoba ingozi ingenzeka noma yinini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfucumfucu enemisebe ayisebenzi ngokwanele. Imisebe enemisebe evela ezintweni ezinobungozi ibangela ukuguquka komzimba nokufa kwamangqamuzana emzimbeni womuntu, esilwaneni, esitshalweni. Izinto ezingcolisiwe zingena emzimbeni kanye namanzi, ukudla nomoya, kufakwa, futhi imiphumela yemisebe ingavela ngemuva kwesikhashana;
Ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo ezivikelekile nokuzingela ngokungemthetho
Lo msebenzi ongekho emthethweni uholela ekufeni kwazo zombili izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo jikelele.
Izinkinga zase-Arctic
Ngokuqondene nezinkinga ezithile zemvelo eRussia, ngaphandle kwezomhlaba jikelele, kunezimbalwa zezifunda. Okokuqala, kunjalo Izinkinga zase-Arctic... Le ecosystem yalimala ngesikhathi ikhula. Kunenqwaba yezinqolobane zika-oyela negesi okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Uma ziqala ukukhishwa, kuzoba khona usongo lokuchitheka kukawoyela. Ukushisa komhlaba kuholela ekuncibilikeni kwezinguzunga zeqhwa zase-Arctic, zingaphela ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalezi zinqubo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasenyakatho ziyafa, futhi uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo luguquka kakhulu, kunosongo lokugcwala kwezwekazi.
IBaikal
IBaikal ingumthombo wamanzi okuphuza angama-80% eRussia, futhi le ndawo enamanzi yalimala ngenxa yomshini wamaphepha nowesigaxa, owalahla izimboni eziseduze, imfucuza yasendlini, udoti. Isiteshi samandla kagesi i-Irkutsk siphazamisa leli chibi. Akugcini ngokucekelwa phansi kwemifula, amanzi angcolile, kepha nezinga lawo lehla, izindawo zokuzalela izinhlanzi ziyabhujiswa, okuholela ekunyamalaleni kwabantu.
Isitsha seVolga sivezwa umthwalo omkhulu we-anthropogenic. Izinga lamanzi eVolga nokungena kwalo akuhambisani nezindinganiso zokuzijabulisa nezenhlanzeko. Kuphela yi-8% yamanzi angcolile adonsela emifuleni elashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izwe linenkinga enkulu yokwehlisa izinga lemifula kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi, nemifula emincane ihlala yomile.
IGulf of Finland
IGulf of Finland ithathwa njengendawo eyingozi kakhulu yamanzi eRussia, ngoba amanzi aqukethe inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo kawoyela echitheke ngenxa yezingozi emathangini. Kukhona nomsebenzi wokuzingela ngokungemthetho, lapho inani lezilwane lincipha khona. Kukhona nokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi okungalawulwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha amakhulu nemigwaqo emikhulu kudiliza amahlathi neminye imithombo yemvelo ezweni lonke. Emadolobheni amanje, kunezinkinga hhayi kuphela zokungcola komkhathi kanye ne-hydrosphere, kodwa futhi nokungcola komsindo. Kusemadolobheni lapho inkinga yemfucuza yasendlini inzima kakhulu. Ezindaweni zokuhlala zezwe, azikho izindawo eziluhlaza ezanele ezinamasimu, futhi kukhona nokusakazwa komoya okungekuhle lapha. Phakathi kwamadolobha angcoliswe kakhulu emhlabeni, indawo yesibili ezingeni lihlala edolobheni laseRussia iNorilsk. Isimo esibi semvelo sakhiwe emadolobheni anje aseRussia njengeMoscow, iSt. Petersburg, iCherepovets, i-Asbest, iLipetsk neNovokuznetsk.
Inkinga yezempilo yabantu
Uma ucabanga ngezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zemvelo zaseRussia, umuntu akanakushaya indiva inkinga yokuwohloka kwempilo yabantu bezwe. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kwalenkinga kungokulandelayo:
- - ukonakaliswa kwesizinda se-gene kanye nokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo;
- - ukwanda kwenani lezifo zofuzo nezifo;
- - izifo eziningi ziba ezingamahlalakhona;
- - ukuwohloka kwezimo zokuphila ezihlanzekile nezenhlanzeko zezingxenye ezithile zabantu;
- - ukwanda kwenani lezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa;
- - ukwandisa izinga lokufa kwezinsana;
- - ukukhula kokuzala kwabesilisa nabesifazane;
- - izifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezivamile;
- - ukwanda kwenani leziguli ezinomdlavuza, ukungezwani komzimba, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
Uhlu luyaqhubeka. Zonke lezi zinkinga zezempilo ziyimiphumela emikhulu yokucekelwa phansi kwemvelo. Uma izinkinga zemvelo eRussia zingaxazululwa, khona-ke inani labantu abagulayo lizokwanda, futhi inani labantu lizokwehla njalo.
Izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo
Isixazululo sezinkinga zemvelo ngqo sincike emisebenzini yezikhulu zikahulumeni. Kuyadingeka ukulawula zonke izindawo zomnotho ukuze wonke amabhizinisi anciphise umthelela wawo ongemuhle emvelweni. Sidinga futhi ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe bezemvelo. Futhi zingabolekiswa konjiniyela bangaphandle. Namuhla, kudingeka izinyathelo ezinqala ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi okuningi kuncike kithina: endleleni yokuphila, ukonga izinsiza zemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi, ukugcina inhlanzeko nangokuzikhethela kwethu. Isibonelo, wonke umuntu angalahla udoti, anikele ngephepha elilahliwe, onge amanzi, abeke umlilo endalweni, asebenzise izitsha ezingaphinde zisebenze, athenge izikhwama zamaphepha esikhundleni sepulasitiki, afunde izincwadi ze-e. Lezi zinyathelo ezincane zizokusiza wenze umnikelo wakho ekuthuthukiseni imvelo yaseRussia.
