Umuntu ojwayelekile akazi neze ngenkinga yokusebenzisa kabusha amathayi emoto ajwayelekile. Njengomthetho, lapho injoloba ingalungiseki, iyakhishwa iye endaweni yesitsha, noma igcinwe ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo. Kepha uma kubhekwa ingqikithi yamathayi asetshenzisiwe ezweni, lesi simo singabizwa njengenhlekelele.
Akekho odinga amathayi
Ngokwemininingwane yezibalo emaphakathi, cishe amasondo emoto angaba yizigidi ezingama-80 awadingeki eRussia minyaka yonke. Le volumu yesikhala isatshalaliswe ezindaweni ezinkulu ze-Motherland yethu iminyaka, kepha kukhona umkhawulo kuyo yonke into. Amathayi awawona amaphepha, athatha isikhathi eside ngokwedlulele ukubola, athatha isikhala esiningi, futhi uma eqala ukusha, aphenduka abe ngumthombo ogcwele wezinto zamakhemikhali. Intuthu yesondo lemoto evuthayo ilayishwe ama-carcinogens - izinto ezidala umdlavuza.
Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi kunobunye ubuchwepheshe obumiswe ngokusemthethweni bokulahlwa kwamathayi. Eqinisweni, alukho uhlelo olusebenzayo! Kuphela eminyakeni yamuva lapho iRussia isiqalile ukucabanga ngokusemthethweni ngokulahlwa okuhlelekile.
Ayaphi amathayi manje?
Amathayi amadala ezimoto angagcinanga ekulahlweni komhlaba asetshenziswa kakhulu. Futhi kaningi ngokusemthethweni. Isibonelo, amathayi afakwa njengothango emagcekeni, ezinkundleni zokudlala, njll. Emuva ngezikhathi zeSoviet, kwahlelwa yonke imishini yezemidlalo nokuheha izingane. Nokho, ngubani ebuntwaneni ongagxili emzileni owenziwe ngamathayi ombiwe emhlabathini? Futhi uma wazalelwa e-USSR, khona-ke nakanjani uvule kakhulu ujingi, lapho ithayi lemoto lisebenza khona njengesihlalo.
Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokwakha ezincane ezakhiwe izingcweti zomuntu zinokunambitheka okukhethekile. Ezizeni ezihlangene eduze kweminyango yezindlu zedolobha, ungabona ama-swans, izingulube, izimbali, ubhekilanga, amachibi amancane kanye nenqwaba yezinye izidalwa ezenziwe ngamathayi ajwayelekile asebenzise isikhathi sawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buciko busakazeke hhayi kuphela emaphandleni, kodwa nasemadolobheni anamuhla anabantu abayisigidi esisodwa.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okudumile kwamathayi ukwakha isithiyo esivikelayo. Iqoqo lamathayi lisongwe ngezikhala zamalambu ezindaweni lapho kwenzeka khona izingozi. Amathayi asetshenziselwa ukukhawulela ithrekhi yekarting.
Ngokuvamile, amathayi amadala ezimoto angumngane oqhubekayo wamadoda aseRussia aneminyaka yonke: kusukela kubafana abantanta esondeni echibini kuya kumuntu ohola impesheni oqopha elinye i-swan yerabha.
Angalahlwa kanjani amathayi?
Isipiliyoni sokulahlwa kwamathayi asetshenzisiwe ngokufanelekile nangokwezimali sikhona emazweni amaningi. Isibonelo, iFinland iphumelele kakhulu kule ndaba. Kufike ephuzwini lokuthi amathayi ayi-100% asetshenzisiwe aphinde asetshenziswe emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokusebenza. ISwitzerland neNorway azikude kakhulu emuva.
Ungathola izinto eziningi ezilusizo ethayeleni lenjoloba. Isibonelo, cubungula ube imvuthu esebenza ngempumelelo njengesengezo ku-asphalt, ikhava yethreadmill, i-drainage flooring, njll. Amabhande erabha atholakala kusondo elisikiwe angasetshenziselwa ukushisa amafutha ezimboni. Isicelo sokugcina sisetshenziswe ngempumelelo eFinland, futhi.
ERussia, amaqembu abathandi kanye nochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ngezikhathi ezithile banikela ngobuchwepheshe babo bokusebenzisa kabusha amasondo. Isibonelo, eLeipunsky Institute for Physics and Power Engineering (idolobha lase-Obninsk), bakhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-pyrolysis. Kodwa-ke, akukho okulungisiwe ezingeni lezomthetho okwamanje.
Inqubekela phambili yokuqala yenziwe. Ngo-2020, kuhlelwe ukuthi kwethulwe imali ekhokhwayo, ezokhokhwa yizakhamizi ezithenga injoloba entsha noma imoto entsha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukudala ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo nezindawo zokukhiqiza lapho kuzosetshenziswa khona.
