Incazelo nezici
Iningi labantu bakulezi zinsuku abakwazi ukubona nokuhlukanisa iningi lezinyoni ezincane zezilwane zaseRussia - wonke umuntu wazi ondlunkulu kanye namabele kuphela.
Khonamanjalo, kunezinyoni eziningi eziningi ezincane, lapho kuma-qualifiers zihlukaniswa ngokuthi "ubukhulu bondlunkulu" noma "bancane kunondlunkulu," emahlathini nasemasimini aseRussia. Enye yalezi zinyoni ezivame kakhulu, kodwa ezingabonakali kahle - yurok (noma reel).
Empeleni, igama le-finch lingokwesayensi kakhulu: i-finch ingeyomndeni wezintaka, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziningi. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ibizwa ngokuthi i-finch kanye nenye incazelo eyengeziwe, ngokwesibonelo, "i-alpine finch", "i-Himalayan finch" njalonjalo.
I-Yurk ibizwa kuphela ngenyoni ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi ejwayelekile yomndeni eYurophu naseRussia. Njengoba ingxoxo izoqhubeka ikakhulu ngayo, sizophinda sisebenzise leli gama.
Igama lesiLatini elithi Yurka lithi Fringilla montifringilla, elingahunyushwa ngokuthi “intaba yentaba”. Lokhu kuyiqiniso impela: i-yurok empeleni iyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-finch, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, abamele abaningi bomndeni we-finch bakhetha ukuhlala ezintabeni.
Ngaphandle kokuqashelwa okuphansi, yurok - inyoni ngokubukeka okuhehayo. Ingemuva, umsila ophezulu kanye nenhloko yekhanda lalezi zinyoni kumnyama, kucishe kube mnyama, isisu nemivimbo emsila imhlophe, kanti isifuba namahlombe kunombala ochera noma owolintshi.
Emaphikweni, imivimbo emnyama nebomvu esawolintshi enezimpawu ezimhlophe iyashintshana. Abesilisa abavuthiwe abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 ubudala banemibala egqame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi efudumele: banamathoni e-orange, amnyama namhlophe amhlophe agcwele futhi akha izindawo eziphikisanayo. Eziduna nezinsikazi ezisencane zibukeka zifiphele, amabala ombala awakhonjiswa kahle futhi ageleza ngokushelelana.
Ebusika, amaduna amadala nawo ayaphela. Ubungako bristle abuhlukile kondlunkulu: ubude benyoni bungu-14 - 16 cm, isisindo cishe siyi-25 g.Umthethosisekelo wamagatsha mkhulu kakhulu, umzimba uyindilinga, kepha umsila mude ukudlula owedlulayo.
Ngaphandle, i-chaffinch ibukeka njenge-brisket. Kulula kakhulu ukudida lezi zinyoni ngenxa yokuthi zivamise ukwakha imihlambi exubile lapho kukhona khona zombili izinhlobo. Kulula ukuhlukanisa abesilisa abadala be-brisket kusuka ku-finch, ngoba awukho umbala okhanyayo we-orange ezimpapheni zakamuva. Abesifazane nabesilisa abancane bahlukaniswa ngekhanda elimnyama (ngaphandle kwezihlathi ezibomvu kanye nekepisi elinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isici sezintaka).
Ukucula i-Yurk hhayi i-euphonic kakhulu. Akaniki ama-roulade amade, izwi lakhe liphaphatheka futhi linokhahlo. Ukudlulisa lokhu ngezincwadi, njengoba kuvame ukwenziwa, kuwumsebenzi ongabongi. Imvamisa, i-yurok ishicilela ukukhala okujwayelekile kwezinyoni ezincane, noma ukutshiyoza (okufana ncamashi nezintethe, kepha ngokuzumayo).
Izinhlobo
Empeleni, i-yurok noma i-finch iyinhlobo ehlukile futhi eyodwa ehlala ingashintshi kuyo yonke indawo yayo yokuhlala. Kepha kunezintaka eziningi kakhulu emhlabeni, yize kungezona zonke ezihlobene kakhulu ne-brisk yangempela. Ensimini yaseRussia, ngaphezu kwalokhu okusheshayo, kukhona:
- Intaba yaseSiberia, noma iSiberia, ethi, njengoba igama lisho, ihlala eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Akubukeki kukhanya kangako ibukeka kanjani inyoni yurok: kumnyama kakhulu, akukho olintshi esifubeni. Inyoni uqobo lwayo inkudlwana.
- I-Alpine, noma iqhwa, i-finch - eRussia ingabonakala kuphela eCaucasus nase-Altai. Umbala u-grey omnyama, ngaphandle kwamabala we-orange.
- I-finimal ye-Himalaya ifana ne-Alpine finch, kepha eRussia ayijwayelekile kangako: ububanzi bayo buthinta izwe lethu kuphela emaphethelweni, e-Altai Territory.
- I-finch yasebukhosini, noma i-korolkovy mhlawumbe iyinhle kunayo yonke yezintaka zezilwane zasekhaya. Yiyona encane kunazo zonke (incane ngokuphawuleka kunondlunkulu), kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungayinaki: ikepisi elibomvu ngokukhanyayo ekhanda layo ligqame ebumnyameni, cishe obumnyama, lapho le nyoni ibizwa khona ngegama layo. ERussia, le finch itholakala kuphela eNyakatho Caucasus, eStavropol Territory naseningizimu yeKrasnodar Territory.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, ogama lazo elisemthethweni eliqukethe igama elithi "finch", zihlala eningizimu yeRussia. Zitholakala cishe yonke indawo e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika, kanye naseziqhingini eziningi zoLwandlekazi Lomhlaba. Mhlawumbe ezaziwa kakhulu kulezi yizintaka zaseGalapagos, ezitholakala eziqhingini ezisentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika.
Ososayensi bahlukanisa izinhlobo eziyi-13 zezintaka zaseGalapagos. Badabuka kukhokho ovamile, kepha, lapho bezithola behlukaniswa bodwa esiqhingini, bathola imvelo ehlukahlukene futhi bathola ubuchwepheshe obufanayo: manje lezi zintaka ziyahluka ngosayizi nobukhulu bomlomo wazo, kuya ngohlobo lokudla kwazo nemikhuba yokuthola ukudla okuthile.
Ukuqashelwa kwezintaka zaseGalapagos kwakungesinye sezikhuthazo ezaholela uCharles Darwin ukuba akhe umbono wakhe odumile wokukhethwa kwemvelo lapho kuvela khona izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
I-Yurok isakazeke kakhulu eRussia - kusukela eBaltic kuya eKamchatka. Indawo yayo empeleni ihambisana nebhande lehlathi laseRussia. Le nyoni isincome amahlathi omabili aqinile futhi aqinile, kepha, uma kungenzeka, ithanda lawo ahlabayo, ngobuningi be-birch.
Indlela yokuphila yurk ijwayelekile impela enyonini encane yasehlathini. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uthanda amaphethelo ehlathi ngamahlathi aminyene nensada yelanga. Inyoni izizwa izethembile emoyeni (indiza yurk iyashesha, iyalawuleka, futhi icijwa ngandlela thile ngokushintshwa okufushane ngokushaya amaphiko nokundiza okufishane), futhi phansi (ngokungafani nondlunkulu, i-yurk ayikwazi ukuhamba kuphela ekugxumeni, kepha futhi isinyathelo esisheshayo).
Ngokwemvelo, ama-bristles atholakala ngamunye ngamunye nasemhlambini. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imihlambi enjalo ingaqukatha izinkukhu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinyoni ezihlobene eduze ezifana nazo - ngokwesibonelo, izintaka, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ondlunkulu noma osisi.
Kepha, ngokuya ngokubuyekezwa kwalabo abathanda ukugcina izinyoni zezingoma, ekuthunjweni, i-yurok ivame ukuba nengxabano futhi ingaba nolaka kwezinye izinyoni - ikakhulukazi uma igcinwe esikhaleni esivalekile sezinyoni (ngomkhuba wokukhipha izimpaphe zomakhelwane ngesikhathi sokulwa, umcuphi wezinyoni wabiza i-yurka ngokuthi "umgundi wezinwele").
Imvelo ephapheme, evuthayo ayivumeli ukuthi i-brisk ibekezelele kalula ukuqina nokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Lezi zinyoni zigeza ngokuzithandela noma zihlelele zona izihlabathi zokugeza.
Inyoni yurok yasebusika noma ukufuduka? Esikhundleni salokho, kungukufuduka, kepha akwenzi izindiza ezihamba amabanga amade ikakhulukazi: lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, lezo ezisheshayo ziyaqoqana emhlambini omkhulu futhi zifudukele emngceleni oseningizimu wobubanzi bazo futhi ziye eningizimu yeYurophu, iTurkey, i-Asia Ephakathi, iChina neKorea.
Emngceleni oseningizimu wendawo yehlathi, amanye amaqembu ama-jurks angahlala ubusika bonke. Qaphela ukuthi okushiwoyo kubhekiswe ngqo kukukhulu okwangempela. Izinyoni eziningi zomndeni we-finch azibonisi ukuziphatha kokufuduka.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Kulula ukuqagela kusukela emlonyeni omncanyana, obukhali we-brisk ukuthi le nyoni ngokuyinhloko iyinambuzane. Iyakwazi futhi ukubamba inyamazane emoyeni, kwesinye isikhathi yenze imizuliswano ekhungathekisayo yokufuna izindiza ezindizayo, kepha kaningi isathanda ukudla phansi noma ezihlahleni ezihlabayo. Ukubona okucijile kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokuzethemba inyamazane ngisho nasotshanini obuminyene, futhi imilenze eyenziwe kahle ikuvumela ukuthi uyifinyelele ngokushesha futhi uyibambe.
Kodwa-ke, ukondliwa kwe-bristle ngokudla kwezilwane akukhawulelwe. Ekudleni kwakhe kukhona nembewu ehlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi okusanhlamvu, ukudlwengulwa kanye nemephu nomlotha), kanye nemifino. Uma kunokwenzeka, i-Yurok ithokozela imbewu ye-sunflower, ukolweni nerye ngenjabulo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ayikaze ibhalwe ohlwini lwezinyoni - izinambuzane zezitshalo zezolimo: isagxile ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, futhi nangokucabanga nje ukuthi, iletha ukulimala okuncane kwezolimo kunokuhle.
Iningi labathandi bezinyoni zezingoma abagcina intshebe ekuthunjweni liyakuqaphela ukuzithoba kwalo ekudleni. Angazenza ngaphandle kwezinambuzane uma umnikeza okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene, amantongomane nokudla okuluhlaza okwanele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuzalanisa samaYurks siqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokubuya ebusika - ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izinyoni zihlala zodwa isikhathi esisodwa; Ukuthi imibhangqwana eyakhiwe entwasahlobo ihlala ithembekile komunye nomunye impilo yabo yonke, ornithologists abaqiniseki.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, isifuba sesilisa sithola umbala ogqame kakhulu. Lokhu kulula ukukuqinisekisa nangesibonelo sendlela izinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezibukeka ngayo ezithombeni ezikwi-Intanethi: uma yurok esithombeni emuhle kakhulu, enezimpaphe eziphikisanayo - kusho ukuthi wathwetshulwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - uhhafu wokuqala wehlobo; uma ibukeka isifiphele kakhulu, kungaba ngowesifazane noma owesilisa ngemuva kwe-molt ka-Agasti.
Ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi lezi zinyoni zikhetha ngokucophelela indawo yazo yokwakha izidleke. Isidleke sikaYurk etholakala njalo ehlathini elicinene noma esihlokweni sesihlahla, kepha kude kude nesiqu nangaphandle komqhele.
Ngenxa yalesi sidlakela, kunzima ukusibona futhi kunzima ukusifinyelela. Ibanga ukusuka emhlabathini livamise ukuba ngamamitha amabili kuya kwangu-5, kepha emahlathini aminyene kakhulu ezihlahleni, isidleke singatholakala siphansi kakhulu.
Isidleke sinesimo sebhasikidi futhi siluka ngeziqu zotshani obomile nobulembu. Owesifazane uvame ukuzibandakanya ekwakhiweni. Ufukamela amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, iduna lihlala liseduze futhi libamba iqhaza ekuvikeleni nasekondleni amaphuphu lapho echanyuselwa.
Ku-clutch - kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-6, kwesinye isikhathi kufika kumaqanda ayi-7 ombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezinhlamvu ezincane. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-12. Amaphuphu aseYurka achanyuselwa embozwe uketshezi futhi angenakuzisiza ngokuphelele, kodwa akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ashiye isidleke sesivele sinamasonto amabili ubudala.
Abazali bazondla kakhulu ngokudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane ezincane, izicabucabu nezikelemu. Ama-yurks amancane aqala impilo yawo ezimele ngokuphelele eneminyaka engaba yinyanga eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kancane - ngasekupheleni kukaJuni.
Ngemuva kokuthi inkukhu yokuqala ikhuliswe ngokuphepha, abazali bayo bangenza okwesibili - basenesikhathi esanele sokuchamisela amaqanda nokukhulisa izingane. Kodwa lokhu akuhlali kunjalo. Ngokuvamile insikazi yenza i-clutch yesibili kuphela uma isidleke sokuqala sibhujiswa yizilwane ezidlayo noma ngokuhlasela kwabantu.
Ngokwemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila se-bristle, njengaleso sezinye izinyoni zezingoma, sikhawulwe yizinto zangaphandle: izinyoni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezincane nezingenalwazi, ziba yizisulu zezilwane ezidlayo ezivele zikhona ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila.
Ngokusobala, ngokwesilinganiso, amajezi asendle aphila iminyaka emi-3-5, kuyaqabukela isikhathi eside. Ekuthunjweni, ekhululwe ezingozini zemvelo, ngokunakekelwa kahle, i-brisket ingaphila iminyaka eyi-15, futhi ngokusho kweminye imibiko, ngisho nangaphezulu. Inyoni ifinyelela ekuvuthweni okugcwele kanye nosuku lokuzalwa lapho ineminyaka emi-2 - 3 ubudala, yize inzalo isivele izala inonyaka owodwa ubudala.
I-Yurok ingenye yezimvunulo zangempela ze-avifauna, inyoni engenabungozi, ekhanyayo nehehayo ekuziphatheni kwayo. Ifanelwe isimo sokucophelela nenhlonipho - ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalisa, ngoba ngenxa yokwesaba kwayo, inyoni exoshwe esidlekeni kungenzeka ingabuyeli kuyo.
