I-Aravana Inhlanzi engeyokuphila kwasolwandle kwasendulo kakhulu. Kubhekwa njengenhlanzi enkulu futhi enamandla. Ingagcinwa ekhaya uma ubukhulu be-aquarium buyivumela. Emithonjeni eminingi yezincwadi, i-Arawana ingatholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "udrako wasolwandle" ngenxa yezikali zayo eziminyene. Izikali ezinjalo zenza igobolondo okuthiwa liwugqinsi lokuzivikela emzimbeni wempilo yasolwandle. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kobunzima bayo, ayizibophi izinhlanzi okungenani futhi ayikhawuleli ukuhamba kwayo. I-Aravana yizinhlobo eziningi, yehlukile komunye nomunye ngombala, ukuma komzimba nosayizi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Aravana
I-Aravana ingeyezilwane ezi-chordal, yabelwe isigaba sezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe, ukuhleleka kwe-aravana, umndeni we-aravana, uhlobo nezinhlobo ze-aravana. Namuhla izazi ze-ichthyologists zihlukanisa cishe lezi zinhlanzi ezingamakhulu amabili. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi laba bameleli bezitshalo nezilwane zasolwandle babekhona emhlabeni izigidi eziningi zeminyaka edlule.
Izinsalela ezitholakele nezinsalela ze-Arawana ziqinisekisa leli qiniso. Ngokuya ngezinsalela ezindala kakhulu ezitholakele, izinhlanzi zazivele zikhona esikhathini seJurassic. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi selokhu aqala ukubonakala emhlabeni, akakashintshi ekubukekeni.
Ividiyo: Aravana
Izwe lomlando wezinhlanzi yiNingizimu Melika. Izakhamizi zakudala zaleli zwekazi zazibiza inhlanzi ngodrako wenhlanhla. Kudala kunenkolelo yokuthi umuntu onakekela le nhlanzi angajabula futhi inhlanhla izomoyizela impela.
Emazweni ase-Asia, ezikhathini zasendulo, izinhlanzi zazibanjwa njengomthombo wokudla. Bese abaseYurophu baba nentshisekelo yelukuluku kanye nezinhlanzi ezinhle ngokungavamile. Bafuna ukuthola izinhlanzi ezizogcinwa ezimweni ze-aquarium. Ngemuva kokuthi abaseYurophu baqale ukuthenga kakhulu laba bameleli bezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasolwandle, ezifundeni zendawo yabo yemvelo, kwaqala ukubanjwa kwabantu abaningi, futhi izindleko zabo zakhula ngendlela emangalisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile futhi ezibalulekile zingabiza cishe i-130 - 150,000 USD.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-Aravana
I-Aravana inokubukeka okungajwayelekile futhi okuthakazelisa kakhulu. Kungenxa yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zempilo yasolwandle. Endaweni yemvelo ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela cishe kumasentimitha ayi-120-155. Uma igcinwa ezimeni ze-aquarium, ubude bomzimba kaningi abudluli uhhafu wemitha. Isisindo somuntu oyedwa umuntu omdala sifinyelela ku-4-5 kilograms, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinkulu zingaba nesisindo esingama-6-6.5 kilograms. Laba abamele impilo yasolwandle bavame ukukhula ngokushesha futhi bathole isisindo somzimba.
Isimo somzimba sezinhlanzi side, sifana neribhoni, esikhumbuza ngandlela thile izinyoka noma amadragoni angekho. Isiqu sicindezelwe ngasemaceleni. Inhlanzi inekhanda elithile, elincane elinomlomo obheke phezulu. Izimpondo zitholakala endebeni engezansi, okuthi, lapho zihamba, ziqondiswe ngqo phezulu. Ngaphansi kwekhanda, kukhona uhlobo lwesaka olungakhukhumala lapho ludingeka.
Izinhlanzi zinamehlo amakhulu kunalokho. Ziyi-convex, zinomfundi obonakalayo, omkhulu, omnyama. I-Aravana ayinazinyo. Amaphiko asendaweni yesifuba mancane. Amaphiko emhlane nangendunu aqala ukusuka maphakathi nomzimba, futhi ageleze kahle angene emsileni, ahlangane nawo. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, izinhlanzi ngokushesha zithola isivinini esikhulu ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Umzimba umbozwe izikali eziminyene, ezihlangana zakhe igobolondo lokuvikela.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abasha banombala ogqamile wamaphiko, abanye banemivimbo emzimbeni. Ngokukhula, imivimbo iyanyamalala, futhi umbala wamaphiko uba mnyama. Umbala wesikali ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo nendawo okuhlala kuyo. Noma kunjalo, noma kunjalo, umbala ucebile futhi ujule kakhulu.
Izinketho zombala wezinhlanzi:
- iparele;
- amakhorali;
- okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
- Iwolintshi;
- okumnyama;
- isiliva;
- igolide;
- luhlaza okotshani.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezinsizwa, kungakhathalekile umbala wazo omkhulu, zinobumba obuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uhlala kuphi aravana?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Arawana
Izwe lokuzalwa kwenhlanzi yedrako yiNingizimu Melika. Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinhlanzi zazitholakala kuzo zonke izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo. Namuhla, ihlala cishe kuyo yonke imizimba yamanzi angenasawoti.
Izindawo ze-Geographic zendawo yokuhlala yase-Arawana:
- eminye imizimba yamanzi angenasawoti eNyakatho Melika;
- Umfula i-Amazon;
- Oyapok;
- Essequibo;
- izifunda eziseningizimu yeChina;
- IBurma;
- IVietnam;
- iGuyana Basin;
- ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.
Izinhlanzi zingachuma emanzini aphansi e-oxygen. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, izinhlanzi zilinywa emifuleni eminingi. Ezifundeni zendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, izinhlanzi zikhetha izindawo lapho i-current ingenamandla kakhulu, izifunda ezithulile nezizimele.
Ngokugcina izinhlanzi ezimweni ze-aquarium, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe i-aquarium enesilinganiso samalitha angama-750, okungcono ngisho namalitha ayi-1000. Kusuka phezulu, kufanele imbozwe ngesembozo se-opaque. Kunconywa ukuthi uyihlomise ngohlobo olunjalo lokukhanyisa olungavuleki ngokuzumayo, kepha kancane kancane luqhume ngendlela ekhulayo. Kungcono uma i-aquarium yenziwa nge-plexiglass, njengoba inhlanzi iqine futhi inkulu.
I-aquarium kumele ibe nesihlungi samanzi esingaphonsa phansi bese sishintsha okungenani ikota yawo wonke amanzi masonto onke. Izitshalo zalaba bameleli bezitshalo zasolwandle nezilwane zasendle azidingeki. Bazizwa bekhululekile ngaphandle kwabo. Ukuqina kungu-8-12, i-asidi 6.5-7. Izinhlanzi azemukeli neze indawo ene-alkaline.
Udla ini i-Aravana?
Isithombe: Praatory Arawana
Ama-Aravan izidalwa ngokwemvelo. Bangabazingeli abahle futhi bayakwazi ukuthola ukudla ngisho nasemanzini angajulile emahlathini noma emahlathini agcwele amanzi. Izigqila ziminzile kakhulu, futhi azithobeki ekudleni. Angadla noma yini angayibamba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezimweni zokushoda kwemithombo yokudla, amacala abonwa lapho izinhlanzi zidla indle.
Yiziphi izinhlanzi ezidlayo:
- izinhlanzi ezinhlobonhlobo;
- izinambuzane zasolwandle;
- izibungu;
- izinambuzane (crickets, May beetles, centipedes);
- amaxoxo;
- amagundane;
- izinkalankala;
- imfanzi.
Imvamisa, lapho zikhona ezimweni zemvelo, izilwane ezizingelayo zizingela izinyoni ezindiza ngaphezu kwamanzi. Isakhiwo se-fin esiyingqayizivele sikuvumela ukuba uthole isivinini esikhulu ngenkathi uzingela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaPisces ayakwazi ukwenza i-virtuoso jump, efinyelela kumitha elilodwa nohhafu ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Lapho uhlala ekhaya ezimweni ze-aquarium, kunconywa ukondla izilwane ezidliwayo ngezibopho zezinhlanzi ezifriziwe, unganikeza ama-cubes amancane wesibindi senkomo. Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokudla okomile. Imfanzi ebilisiwe inganikezwa ama-juveniles. Ngaphambi kokuzondla nge-aravana, kuyadingeka ukuzihlanza.
Ukwakheka kwempahla yomlomo kuklanywe ngendlela yokuthi inhlanzi ikwazi ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu elingana nobukhulu bomzimba wayo. Ochwepheshe bathi umhlaseli kufanele njalo alambe kancane. Lokhu kudinga isikhathi esisodwa noma ezimbili ngeviki ukuhlela izinsuku zokuzila nokunganiki ukudla izinhlanzi. Uma kugcinwa ezimeni ze-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ungeze amavithamini kokuphakelayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Light Aravana
Ama-Aravans abhekwa njengezilwane ezihlakaniphile kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukubona inkosi yabo, badle ukudla okuvela ezandleni zabo, futhi bavume nokuthintwa. Ngokuvamile, ngokwemvelo, izidumbu zinolaka kakhulu futhi ziyaxabana ngokweqile. Lapho zigcinwa ezimweni ze-aquarium, ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala ngokuthula nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.
Abathandi ukwabelana ngendawo yabo nomunye umuntu. Abantu abancane nababuthakathaka baba sengcupheni yokudliwa. Izinhlanzi ezinosayizi ofanayo kuphela ezingathathwa njengomakhelwane, okungcono futhi nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ama-stingray ahlangana kahle nama-Aravans. Banobukhulu obufanayo bomzimba, okuthandwa ukunambitheka futhi bahlala ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi, okungafaki ukuncintisana phakathi kwabo.
Izilwane ezidla izambane likapondo zazi kahle indawo, zithanda amachibi athule nokujula okujulile. Ezindaweni ezinjalo zikhululekile kakhulu, lapho zizizwa njengabanikazi abagcwele. Banomona kakhulu ngendawo abahlala kuyo.
Uma inhlanzi igcinwa ezimweni ze-aquarium futhi kukhona abanye abahlali ngaphezu kwesilwane esidlayo, le mithetho elandelayo kufanele ilandelwe:
- bondle izinhlanzi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngobuningi obanele;
- ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho nemibandela yokugcina izinhlanzi;
- nikeza ngenombolo edingekayo yezindawo zokukhosela kanye nezingcezu zokhuni.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlanzi zingaphila kalula ne-catfish, i-fractocephalus, imimese yamaNdiya, izinkanyezi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amanzi ahlanzekile i-Arawana
Ayikho indlela yokuzalanisa izinhlanzi ekhaya. Ukuze kuzalwe izilwane ezidlayo zidinga izimo ezikhethekile, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi nokungabikho komehluko ezinkomba.
Lezi zinhlobo zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka engu-3-3.5. Lapho ubude bomzimba wempilo yasolwandle bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-40-60, ilungele ukuzala. Abesifazane bane-ovary eyodwa, ehlanganisa amaqanda afinyelela ku-60-80, asesigabeni sokuvuthwa. Abesilisa banama-testes angama-filamentous. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubukhulu beqanda elilodwa lingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-1.5-2.
Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, owesilisa ukhombisa ukulungela ukuzala futhi aqale ukunakekela owesifazane. Isikhathi sokuqomisana sithatha kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye emavikini ambalwa futhi siphela lapho owesifazane eqala ukuphonsa amaqanda. Imvamisa, lapho kuqala ubumnyama ebusuku, owesilisa ulandela umuntu wobulili obuhlukile, abulandele ngemibuthano buqamama.
Uma insikazi ivuma ukunakwa kowesilisa, ngokuhlanganyela babheka indawo efaneleke kakhulu yokuphonsa amaqanda. Owesilisa ngokoqobo akasuki kowesifazane kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho eqala ukuzala. Ukuphonswa kwethole kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Owesilisa uyakuqoqa akubeke emlonyeni wakhe ukuze afukamelwe. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa sihlala izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi gazinga lisemlonyeni wesilisa lize liqale ukuzondla lodwa. Lesi sikhathi sithatha amasonto ayi-6-8.
Lapho i-fry ifinyelela usayizi wamamilimitha angama-40-50 futhi ikwazi ukuzondla yodwa, owesilisa ubadedela emanzini.
Izitha zemvelo ze-Arawan
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-Aravana
Lolu hlobo lomzingeli alunazo izitha endaweni yalo yemvelo. Banolaka impela kusukela besebancane. Bavame ukuzingela ngisho nabamele abakhulu nabanamandla bezimila zasolwandle nezilwane. Zizingela izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane namanzi angenasawoti kalula.
Basengozini esigabeni sokuthosa. Kungalesi sikhathi kuphela lapho bangaba yizisulu zokunye ukuphila kwasolwandle. Ngokwemvelo, izilwane ezidla ezinye zinikezwa amasosha omzimba aqinile, aqinile. Uma kwenzeka kuba nefungus noma isikhunta e-aquarium, izinhlanzi nakanjani zizotheleleka. Uma inhlanzi ine-plaque, amabala, noma izikali ziba namafu, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ukuhlanza i-aquarium.
Uma kungekho isihlungi e-aquarium, noma asihambisani nomsebenzi wokuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Amageza agoqana enhlanzini. Uma amanzi ephezulu kakhulu i-Ph, izinhlanzi zilahlekelwa ukubona, umbala wamehlo uyashintsha futhi amehlo abe namafu.
Ukugwema izifo, izinkinga zempilo nokufa, kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukondleka nokuhlanza i-aquarium. Ukuze uhlale ngokunethezeka kuwo, kufanele ugcine futhi ugcine zonke izimo ezidingekayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Aravana
Kuze kube manje, inani lezinhlobo alibangeli ukukhathazeka. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-220 ze-aravana emvelweni. Zonke zinezici ezithile zangaphandle nemibala ehlukile.
Izilwane ezidla ezinye zihlala impela emizimbeni yamanzi aseNingizimu Melika, emazweni aseNingizimu Asia. Banesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esiqinile, esiqinile, ukudla okungabophi. Umzingeli uzivumelanisa ngokuphelele nanoma yiziphi izimo. Zingaba khona emzimbeni wamanzi ane-oxygen saturation ephansi.
Esikhathini esiningi, zikhetha ukuhlala ngasogwini lolwandle, emanzini acwathile anamazinga okushisa okungenani ama-degree angama-25. Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula, izinhlanzi zingahamba ngokukhululeka zingene emahlathini agcwele amanzi futhi zibe semanzini angajulile. Ukujula okulungile kokuphila okunethezekile okungenani imitha elilodwa nengxenye.
Emazweni amaningi omhlaba aravana igcinwe ezimeni ze-aquarium. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale umhlaseli omkhulu futhi onamandla, udinga ukuzijwayeza nezimo zokuboshwa, imithetho yokunakekelwa nokudla. Ukunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nokungondleki kahle kuholela ezifweni futhi mhlawumbe nasekufeni kwezinhlanzi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.01.2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 06.10.2019 ngo-1: 48
