Abaningi abakezwa ngisho nangenyoni encane njengokuthi linnet... Futhi unethalente lokucula elivelele, uLinnet uqamba ama-roulade amnandi athinta indlebe, lapho umuntu engabona khona i-trill efana ne-nightingale, nengoma ekhalayo ye-lark, nokuhayiza kwe-titmouse. Ake sizame ukuthola kabanzi ngemvelo yale nyoni, izindawo zokuhlala kwayo unomphela, imikhuba futhi, nakanjani, izici nezimpawu zangaphandle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Linnet
ILinnet ibizwa nangokuthi i-repol, inyoni encane yezingoma engohlelo lwabantu abadlulayo, umndeni wezintaka nohlobo lwegolidefinches. Lo mndeni ungomunye wemibiko esakazeke kakhulu futhi eminingi phakathi kwezinyoni zezingoma. Ngokuyisisekelo, iningi lamalungu alo mancane ngosayizi ophakathi. I-oda labantu abadlulayo lingabizwa nangokuthi liningi kakhulu, ngoba iqukethe izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezinhlanu.
Ividiyo: Linnet
I-linnet yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi imvamisa idla imbewu yalesi sitshalo. Le nyoni yaqanjwa igama lokuthi yiRepol ngesizathu esifanayo, ngoba ukudla kwayo kuqukethe nembewu ye-burdock. ILinnet incane kakhulu, ubude bayo bomzimba buba phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-13 kuye kwayi-16. Kubantu abavuthiwe, amaphiko ngobude angafika kusuka ku-23 kuye ku-26 cm, kanti isisindo sale nyoni singama-gram angama-22. Phakathi kwabantu abadlulayo, le nyoni ingabhekwa njenge-intshi yangempela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbala wezimpaphe uhlukanisa abesilisa beLinnet kwabesifazane. Kwabesilisa, kuyakhanya futhi kubabaze kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Imvunulo yabo inombala obomvu ongabonakali kwabesifazane. Ngokusobala, abesilisa badinga ukukhanya ukuze bahehe ukunakekelwa kwabesifazane ngenkathi yezinyoni zomshado, ngoba umnumzane ubophezelekile ukwenza umbono omuhle ongenakucimeka kule ntokazi.
Izihlobo eziseduze ze-linnet yilezi:
- iziphambano ze-spruce;
- okuluhlaza okotshani;
- izintaka;
- izintaka ze-canary.
Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okunemibandela kwe-linnet kube ama-subspecies amathathu, ama-ornithologists ahlukanisa:
- i-linnet ejwayelekile, ebonakala ngazo zonke izici zangaphandle ezijwayelekile, ezizochazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi;
- I-linnet yaseTurkestan, ehlukaniswa ngomhlane onsundu ogqamile, imibala ebomvu yabesilisa icebe kakhulu futhi isatshalaliswa kakhulu emzimbeni, ingena esiswini nasemaceleni. I-repolov yaseTurkmen ingabizwa ngokuthi enkulu kunazo zonke;
- i-Linnet yaseCrimea, eyehlukile kweyokuqala ekululeni okumhlophe okubanzi kwamaphiko kanye namabala abomvu akhanyayo kwabesilisa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Linnet bird
Ubungako be-linnet sebuchaziwe vele, kepha umbala wezimpaphe zawo kufanele uphathwe ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba kulapho kubonakala khona ukufiphala kocansi. Abesilisa banemvunulo ebukekayo futhi ekhanyayo kunabesifazane. Kwabesilisa, ukutholakala kwezimpaphe ezibomvu-burgundy esifubeni nasekhanda kuyisici. Isifunda sesisu sinombala okhanyayo, kanti ingxenye yenyoni emhlane inombala onsundu.
Izimpiko nomsila kufakwe imivimbo emincane emhlophe nebanzi emnyama, umbala ofanayo ujwayelekile emsileni wenyoni. Izinsikazi nezinsizwa zibukeka zifiphele futhi zivamile, azinawo umbala obomvu ezimpapheni zazo. Ngemuva kunethoni ensundu empunga. Indawo yesifuba nesisu inombala okhanyayo ngemichilo yesici esinsundu, enokuhleleka kwe-longitudinal.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Abaqaphi bezinyoni baqaphele ukuthi lapho i-linnet indala, icebile futhi icace kakhulu i-caftan yayo (ikakhulukazi, lokhu kusebenza kwabesilisa).
Umlomo kaLinnet mfushane futhi uqweqwe esisekelweni, unesimo sesigaxa futhi umbala ompunga. Izitho zale nyoni zinde, zihlonyiswe ngeminwe elungisiwe enezinzipho ezicijile. Imilenze iba nsundu. I-Repolov inezimpiko ezinde nezinamakhomba, ngakunye zazo kuhlukaniswa khona izimpaphe zokundiza. Ubude bephiko abudluli kumasentimitha ayi-8. Umsila wale nyoni ubuye ubude, inothi ekuwo ayivezwa kahle, futhi ubude bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ama-4.Ukubamba ulwanga lwayo kuyisici esihlukile se-linnet, ngosizo lwayo okulula kakhulu ukuthi inyoni iqhekeze okusanhlamvu okuqinile okusetshenziselwe ukudla.
Uhlala kuphi uLinnet?
Ngokuya ngokuthi ungowasiphi isizinda esithile, indawo yokuhlala ye-linnet yehlukile. I-linnet ejwayelekile ingatholakala cishe kuyo yonke insimu ye-USSR yangaphambili, eYurophu (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esentshonalanga), emazweni aseScandinavia. Ezweni lethu, lezi zinyoni zihlala ezifundeni zayo ezisentshonalanga. Umngcele osempumalanga wendawo yokuhlala unqamula endaweni yesifunda saseTyumen. Inani elincane lalezi zinyoni zezingoma litholakala ebhange elingakwesokudla leVolga eduze kwaseKamyshin naseDubovka.
Ngeke uyibone iCrimeaan Linnet noma ikuphi, ngaphandle kweNhlonhlo YaseCrimea, le subspecies is endemic. ILinnet Turkestan ihlala e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, eTrans-Caspian Territory, eTurkestan, India. ECaucasus, lezi zinyoni zihamba zikanokusho ezintabeni nasezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi, zakha izidleke emathambekeni amatshe. Abantu abaningi babonakala ezintabeni zaseTien Shan, ngaseDzhambul, futhi batholakala nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho yeTajikistan.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-repolids aseTurkestan awahlali ngaphandle kwamagquma ebusika, ngoba Imihlambi eyimizulane ye-linnet evamile indizela lapho ebusika.
Amalayini awakubalekeli ukubukeka kwamasiko, ukuhlala ezinqabeni, iziza zomuntu siqu, ezingadini, ebhandeni lehlathi emigwaqeni. Lezi zinyoni azithandi amahlathi aminyene ehlathi. Kepha ukukhula okuncane kwesihlahla onqenqemeni lwehlathi noma emaphethelweni edlelo kuyintandokazi yabo. Ama-subspecies amaTurkestan afana nezindawo ezomile, izintaba, amatshe, ama-steppe, lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ezinameva (meadowsweet, astragalus, barberry, juniper). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpukane ze-linnet ezifudukayo zithutheleka ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, ugu lwe-Aral Sea, i-Iran kanye nesifunda seCaspian ebusika.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona inyoni yeLinnet. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Udla ini uLinnet?
Isithombe: Linnet eRussia
Imenyu kaLinnet, ingxenye enkulu, inokwakheka kwemifino. Le nyoni encane ingabizwa ngokuthi i-granivore, ngoba udla okusanhlamvu nembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene ngentokozo. Ukudla okunjalo kuvumela abesifazane abaningi be-linnet ukuthi bahlale phansi, ngoba bangenza kahle ngaphandle kwezinambuzane, ezingatholakali ebusika.
Izinyoni ziyadla:
- imbewu ye-sunflower, i-poppy ne-hemp;
- i-burdock;
- isitshalo;
- idandelion;
- hellebore;
- i-sorrel yehhashi;
- phumzile.
Noma kunjalo, ngaphezu kokusanhlamvu namakhambi, zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane zikhona ekudleni kwe-repol, lapho izinyoni zigcwalisa khona amaprotheni emzimbeni. Vele, lokho kudla kuphansi kakhulu ngobuningi kokudla kwesiqalo sezitshalo. Abazali abakhathalelayo baphatha namachwane amancane asanda kuzalwa ngezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, izibungu zabo kanye nembewu echanyuselwe. Ekuphakelweni kwamaprotheni, izingane zikhula ngokushesha, zithole isisindo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-linnet idliwa kaningi, ngoba isebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla, ngoba iselula kakhulu futhi incane. Amandla kaLinnet achithwa ngejubane lombani, ngakho-ke adinga ukuqiniswa njalo. Isimo esibucayi siza kule nyoni uma ingadlanga lutho ihora lonke. Njengoba sekushiwo, kunemihosha ekhethekile noma izimbambo olimini lwe-linnet, ezisiza le nyoni ukuba igaye okusanhlamvu nezinhlamvu eziqinile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Linnet owesilisa
ILinnet ehlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele zibhekwa njengezihlala phansi, zihlala ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala noma zihamba amabanga amafushane. Kusuka ezifundeni eziningi ezisenyakatho, lezi zinyoni zigijimela ezindaweni zokuhlala ebusika ezifundeni ezifudumele. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwebanga elide, futhi nasempilweni yansuku zonke, lezi zinyoni zihlangana ngemihlambi emincane, ezibalelwa kubantu abanamaphiko angama-20 kuye kwangama-30. Imvamisa izinkampani zabo zinomsindo impela, ziyahamba, zicashe ekukhuleni kotshani obude nezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.
Amalayini abuya ezindaweni zabo zasebusika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ngoMashi, ngokushesha aqale isikhathi sokukhulelwa okusebenzayo, bacule ama-roulade abo. Ingoma yeLinnet imnandi kakhulu, kuyo umuntu angabona ama-trides we-iridescent, kanye nomlozi, nokukhala okuncane, nokubhampuza, zonke lezi zinto zokudala zilandelana ngokulandelana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kubonakala abesilisa bama-repolovs, okungukuthi, ekuculeni ngokuhlanganyela, abathandi ukucula eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye. Izinyoni eziningana, eziseduze komunye nomunye, ziqala izingoma zazo ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngesikhathi sokuculwa, abesilisa bangakhuphukela phezulu, ngaphandle kokumisa ama-trill abo, sebenze imibuthano eminingana, babuye bahlale egatsheni elifanayo. Ungabona ukuthi lapho kudlalwa, izinyoni ziphakamisa isidumbu sazo esibomvu bese zijika umzimba kancane ngapha nangapha. Izingoma ziculwa kuze kufike lapho kusukwa khona ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kepha zizwakala kakhulu ngaphambi kokuqala kokwakha izidleke. I-Linnet indiza mhlawumbe ekupheleni kuka-Septhemba noma ngo-Okthoba.
Uma uchaza uhlobo lweLinnet, khona-ke bangabizwa ngezinyoni eziqaphe kakhulu nezesabekayo. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba bancane kakhulu, futhi banezitha eziningi. Lezi zinyoni kunzima kakhulu ukuzithambisa. bayesaba futhi abafuni ukuxhumana nabantu, yize behlala ezindaweni ezihlakulelwe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Linnet chick
Ukwakheka kwamabili ku-linnet kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bacula kakhulu, baphakamise isibani sabo esikhanyayo, ngakho-ke bayenga abalingani babo. Umbhangqwana ngamunye ofundile unensimu yawo, yize incane, ngakho omakhelwane abanezimpaphe basondelene kakhulu. Izihlahla zeLinnet zithatha izihlahla eziwugqinsi nezinameva, izingqimba eziphansi zamagatsha ezihlahla zezithelo, izihlahla ze-spruce ezinesizungu, izihlahla zikaphayini nezihlahla zomjunipha ezitholakala emadlelweni noma emaphethelweni ehlathi, ekuhlanzeni.
Isidleke sisekuphakameni kwemitha elilodwa kuya kwelesi-3, siqinile futhi siqinile. Izindonga zangaphandle zokwakha izidleke zelukiwe ngeziqu ezomile notshani, izimpande, ziqiniswe ngezimbumba nobulembu. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, umbhede uvinjelwe ngezimpaphe, izinwele zezilwane, izinwele zehhashi. Indawo yokwakha izidleke ayidluli amasentimitha ayisithupha ububanzi, futhi ukujula kwayo kungamasentimitha ama-4. Le nyoni iyakwazi ukwenza izindunduma ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Owokuqala uwela ngoMeyi, kanti owesibili - ngoJulayi.
I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda asukela kwayi-4 kuye kwayi-6 anombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Egobolondweni, ama-burgundy kanye nama-specks nama-dashes ayabonakala, okwenza ekugcineni kweqanda into efana ne-corolla. Owesifazane kuphela ohlanganyela ekufukameleni. Inqubo yokufukamela ithatha cishe amasonto amabili. Amachwane ahlala esidlekeni isikhathi esifanayo. Lapho zizalwa, izingane zimbozwa ngebanga elide futhi elijiyile, elinombala ompunga omnyama.
Lapho izingane ziqala ukwenza izindiza zazo zokuqala, zondliwa ezinye izinsuku ezimbalwa ngubaba onakekelayo. Insikazi ngalesi sikhathi imatasa ngokuhlela isidleke se-clutch elandelayo. Umhlobo wesibili wezinyoni ushiya isidleke sabazali ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Kakade ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, izinyoni zibuthana ngemihlambi, ziqala ukulungiselela ukuhamba. Kuyafaneleka ukwengeza ukuthi ezimweni zemvelo izihlahla ze-linnet zihlala cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, ekuthunjweni zingaphila iminyaka embalwa isikhathi eside, kepha ukuzithambisa akulula.
Izitha zemvelo ze-linnet
Isithombe: Linnet bird
Akumangazi ukuthi iLinnet inezitha eziningi ezimweni zemvelo, ngoba incane kakhulu, inamahloni futhi ayinabungozi. ILinnet, ehlala emadolobheni nakwezinye izindawo zokuhlala abantu, ivame ukuhlupheka ngamakati ajwayelekile abazizingelayo. Ingozi yalezi zinyoni ezincane ilele ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, kuhlanganise nezinyoni, ezingakuthandi ukudla lezi zinyoni. Vele, izilwane ezincane ezingenalwazi zisengozini enkulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-repolovs agcinwa ukuhamba kwawo, ubuhlakani bawo nokushesha kwawo, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umhlaseli okwazi ukubamba inyoni enjalo, ngoba kubalulekile ukuzama kanzima. Ungakhohlwa ngokwesaba ngokweqile nokuqapha kukaLinnet, ohlale ezama ukuhlala eqaphile.
Izitha zeLinnet zingafaka nabantu, abathinta izinyoni, ngqo nangokungaqondile. Esimweni sokuqala, abantu abaningi bazibamba lezi zinyoni ukuze bazigcine ekuthunjweni, okungenamphumela omuhle kakhulu emsebenzini wabo obalulekile, ngoba izinyoni ziyenqena ukuxhumana futhi azithandi ukuhlala emakhejini, kepha zithanda ukubiyelwa okukhulu kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: I-Linnet ehlala ezindizeni izala kabusha futhi ingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo nama-greenfinches, ama-goldfinches nama-canaries.
Izici ezingekho ngqo ze-anthropogenic ezithinta kabi lezi zinyoni zifaka phakathi umsebenzi wezomnotho osheshayo wabantu, ukususa izinyoni ezindaweni zazo ezihlala njalo nokulimaza isimo semvelo jikelele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Linnet
Isimo ngenombolo yeLinnet asihlali sihle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwezinye izindawo ezihlala kuzo, inani lezinyoni lehle kakhulu, okudala ukukhathazeka ezinhlanganweni zokongiwa kwemvelo. Isibalo salezi zinyoni zezingoma sincane kakhulu ezifundeni eziseduze nemingcele esenyakatho kakhulu yokusatshalaliswa kwezinyoni, kungasenani lokuthi izinyoni sezisempumalanga eseningizimu nensimu yaseYurophu yezwe elaliyi-USSR.
Kunobufakazi obudumazayo bokuthi kule minyaka edlule isibalo salaba badlulayo sehle kakhulu, sehla ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-60. Ososayensi bezinyoni bakwazile ukuthola isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo esidabukisayo. Bakholelwa ukuthi imishanguzo yokubulala izinambuzane esetshenziselwa ukunisela amasimu ibulala inqwaba yezinyoni ezidla izimbewu nezinhlamvu ezicutshunguliwe, okuholela ekubulaleni nasekufeni.
Abantu bathonya inani lezinyoni ngokuhlasela izindawo ezihlukaniswa unomphela zezinyoni, babhubhise imvelo ye-biotopes yemvelo, bahlala ezindaweni lapho izinyoni zihlala khona ngezidingo zazo zezomnotho, ngaleyo ndlela ziphoqa izinyoni ukuthi zifune izindawo ezintsha zokuhlala unomphela. Konke lokhu kudala ukulimala okukhulu kwisibalo sabakwaLinnet, inani lakhona eliqhubeka nokwehla kuze kube namuhla, ngakho-ke badinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokuzivikela.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Linnet
Isithombe: Linnet ovela kwiRed Book
Ziningi izinto ezingezinhle ezithinte inani leLinnet, elehle kakhulu. Yize indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinyoni ezincane ibanzi kakhulu, kwezinye izifunda inani lazo lehle kakhulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, izibalo ezingezinhle zikhomba ukuthi kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule, inani lezinyoni lehle ngamaphesenti angama-62, okuyinto ecasula kakhulu futhi ethusayo.
Isishayo esikhulu esibhubhisa izinyoni ukwelashwa kwamasimu kokhula ngama-reagents ahlukahlukene amakhemikhali. Njengoba lezi zinyoni zidla kakhulu embewini yokhula, ziyafa ngenxa yokufaka ushevu ezintweni ezinobuthi. Kunezinye izinto eziningi ezingezinhle ze-anthropogenic ezithinta umsebenzi obalulekile wokuphindaphinda, kepha ukufaka ubuthi ngoshevu kubhekwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu futhi okuyingozi kakhulu kubo.
Lonke lolu chungechunge lwemithelela engemihle kanye nokubona ukwehla kwesibalo salezi zinyoni ezincane, okuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kuze kube yilolu suku, kuholele ekutheni kwamanye amazwe iLinnet ibhalwe kuRed Book. Lapho i-Linnet ivikelwe khona, izindawo zokuhlalisa inani elanele lezinyoni zifakiwe esiqiwini. Kuyadabukisa ukubona ukuthi izenzo eziningi zabantu zinemiphumela emibi ethinta izimpilo zezinyoni ezincane nezingenabungozi. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi izindlela zokuzivikela zizosimamisa inani labantu baseLinnet, kunciphise ukwehla kwalo.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukuqaphela ukuthi isimanga futhi sincane kangako linnet ayishayi kuphela ngokucula kwayo okuhle futhi okumnandi, kepha futhi nothando lwenkululeko olutholakala kulo mntwana, olungasoze lashintshana ngokuphila mahhala ngehhoko, noma ngabe liyigolide.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 20.06.2020 ngo-23: 01
