I-Siberia - leli gama lezakhamizi eziningi zeplanethi lenza okuthile okude, okubandayo nokungaqondakali, kodwa bambalwa abantu abacabanga ukuthi izilwane ezihlukahlukene nezinhle zigcwalisa kanjani umhlaba omuhle kangaka.
kodwa ngezilwane zaseSiberia izincwadi eziningi zibhaliwe, futhi isayensi yezilwane ihileleke kakhulu esifundweni sabo. Isifunda saseSiberia sihlukaniswe iSiberia esempumalanga nasentshonalanga, futhi izilwane zaseSiberia bangofakazi bangempela bobuhle obuyizintombi besifunda saseSiberia.
Isimo sezulu sempumalanga yeSiberia sinzima kakhulu kunesentshonalanga. Ubusika buyabanda lapho, kodwa ihlobo liyashisa kakhulu futhi liyabanda. Izilwane zase-Eastern Siberia zihlukahlukene. Izilwane zigcwalisa yonke indawo yayo, izidalwa ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezincane kuya ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zihlala lapho.
Ingwejeje
IBelka yisakhamuzi esibaluleke kunazo zonke empumalanga yeSiberia. Zinomzimba omncane ovulekile, onomsila obushubile. I-squirrel iyisidalwa esishesha, igxuma ngamandla isuka esihlahleni iye esihlahleni, ihamba kalula ngesiqu ngosizo lwenzipho zayo ezibukhali. I-squirrel ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu njengomuntu osebenza kanzima futhi owamukela izivakashi kahle.
Umatasa ugcina imbewu namantongomane ebusika. Isikwele sondla izinambuzane namahlumela ezihlahla ehlobo, kanti ngesikhathi sasebusika sinendawo yaso yokudlalela.
Umbala wesikwele ubomvu ikakhulu, kepha ungashintsha ube umbala ompunga ngokuya ngesizini. Ensimini yaseRussia, la magundane ajwayelekile kakhulu. Zivikelwe izindawo ezivikelekile futhi ukuzingela izingwejeje akuvunyelwe nakancane.
Ermine
Kuthatha ikhono eliningi ukubona lesi silwane esingajwayelekile, esincane, esinobuqili nesinobuciko. Lesi silwane esincelisayo singatholakala kuphela endaweni esempumalanga yeSiberia.
I-ermine ihlala ezindaweni ezinzima ze-tundra ne-taiga. Umzimba wesilwane uvuleke kancane (38 cm), unemilenze emincane. Isisindo sesilwane esisodwa singama-gramu angama-70 kuphela. I-ermine yaseSiberia yaziswa ngoboya bayo obungajwayelekile, obasebukhosini. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-26 ze-stoat emhlabeni.
Esithombeni kukhona i-ermine
U-Elk
I-elk yisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini wezinyamazane. Inezimpondo ze-spatulate, ubude bazo obufinyelela kumamitha amabili. I-bogatyr-elk yathola igama elithi "moose" ngezimpondo zayo ezinkulu.
I-Elk ingafinyelela kuma-600 kg. phila isisindo. Umzimba we-moose mkhulu, ungafika kumamitha ama-3 ubude, kanti izilwane zikhula zifike kumamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo zezinyamazane, i-elk iyisilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu neshesha ngokuqonda. Umbuso we-elk uhlukaniswa ngama-subspecies ayisikhombisa ahlukene.
Impungushe yase-Arctic
Izimpungushe ze-Arctic ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, zingabomndeni wezimpisi. Impilo yabo yenzeka ezimeni ezinzima zaseSiberia. Ngaphandle, zifana kancane nempungushe, zincane kuphela futhi zinombala wesiliva elidala.
Impungushe yase-Arctic ifushane (70 cm) futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-10 kg. Banesembozo esihle, soboya esivikela emakhazeni amakhulu. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zinoboya obukhulu kwizidladla zazo, ezakha uhlobo lwezicathulo zeqhwa. Zondla izinyoni namaqanda azo, amagundane amancane nezimpungushe ze-arctic kuthiwa zingabadobi abasezingeni eliphezulu. Uboya be-fox yase-Arctic buyigugu ngobuhle bayo obucwathile.
Izimpungushe ze-Arctic esithombeni
I-Kamchatka marmot
Lawa magundane amancane atholakala kaningi endaweni esempumalanga yeSiberia. Bahlala emigodini yobumba. Umbala onsundu. I-marmot, njengamanye amagundane, inamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayidli nje kuphela ukuze idle, kepha futhi igaya izinsimbi. Lapho kufika ubusika, izimbila ziqala ukulala ubusika bonke. Ngokuyinhloko bakha amakhaya abo ezintabeni noma emithambekeni.
I-Kamchatka marmot
I-Reindeer
Izinyamazane ze-Artiodactyl azide. Izimpondo zihlobisa ikhanda lowesilisa nowesifazane, ngokungafani nendololwane. Zivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nezimo ezinzima, ezibandayo. Ziphila ngokudla ubulembu nezinye izitshalo.
Kulezi zinsuku, kunezinyamazane eziningi ezifuywayo. Eminyakeni edlule, ama-reindeer asephenduke uhlobo olusemqoka lwezokuthutha kubantu baseNyakatho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyamazane iyinyama emnandi, futhi izikhumba zazo zigcina zifudumele ngenxa yesithwathwa esinamandla nomoya obandayo.
I-Reindeer
Mvundla - unogwaja
Unogwaja omhlophe okhelekile uyabonakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho neRussia. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amagundane, unogwaja uyisilwane esikhulu (amasentimitha angama-64), esinesisindo esifinyelela ku-4,5 kg. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu futhi banamandla kunabesilisa.
Bahlala ikakhulu emahlathini e-coniferous. Amahares angatholakala futhi ngasezindlini, lapho eza khona ngethemba lokuthola ukudla. Bahlala bodwa. Umbala uyashintsha kuye ngesizini.
Esithombeni kukhona unogwaja
Sable
Ngenxa yoboya bayo obuyigugu, isikhathi eside isable bekuyisilwane esizingelayo. Kungokwesigaba somndeni weasel. Ngesinye isikhathi, lesi silwane sasiseduze nokubhujiswa, kepha manje isibalo saso sesibuyiselwe.
USable uyisilwane esidla ezinye, udla ama-chipmunks namanye amagundane amancane. Ubude bomzimba bungu-56 cm, futhi umsila ufinyelela kuma-cm 20. Umbala unezinketho ezahlukahlukene, ungaba mnyama futhi onsundu.
I-sable esheshayo futhi enesibindi ihola impilo yasemhlabeni, ihamba ngokugxuma okusheshayo, inokuzwa okuhle kakhulu, kepha umbono wayo ubuthakathaka kakhulu. Ihola indlela yokuphila efihliwe futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona isitebele emini.
Esithombeni sable
Izinyamazane ezibomvu
Izinyamazane ezibomvu ezihlala ePrimorsky Territory. Abesilisa banomhlwenga nomfoloko omile okwempondo, onamagatsha amabili aqondile namathini amaningi. Isisindo sezinyamazane ezingavamile zesilisa sifinyelela kuma-200 kg.
Ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane ezibomvu kunqunyelwe. Ehlobo lezi zinyamazane ezibomvu zinombala obomvu, kuthi ebusika zishintshe umbala zibe mpunga onsundu. Zidla emadlelweni. Izinyamazane zeManchurian yisilwane esinamandla kakhulu, esishesha futhi esiqinile. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngesibindi futhi bakulungele ukudela izimpilo zabo ukuze kusindiswe insikazi namazinyane.
Ngemuva kwezintaba zase-Ural kunethafa elinamanzi elikhulu kunawo wonke futhi elinamanzi amaningi emhlabeni, elibizwa ngokuthi ithafa laseNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Leli thafa elinesimo sezulu esivelele sezwekazi. Izilwane zaseWestern Siberia aziphansi ngokwehluka kwazo, kepha zehluke kakhulu ezilwaneni ezihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSiberia.
Ku-deer yesithombe
I-European roe deer
Izinyamazane ze-Roe zingeze-oda lezilwane ezinenselo evundlile. Abesilisa banezimpondo, kanti abesifazane abanawo uphondo. Umbala awuguquguquki, uyefana kwabesilisa nabesifazane - mpunga futhi nonsubomvu.
Kuhlala kukhona ichashaza elimhlophe ngaphansi komsila omfushane. Usayizi wazo awumkhulu, ngakho-ke izinyamazane ze-roe kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi izimbuzi zasendle noma inyamazane encane.
Izingane ze-Roe deer zizalwa zinamabala. Zidla amagxolo ezihlahla, ubulembu, utshani kanye namahlumela amancane. Izinyamazane zeRoe zihamba ngokuxhuma futhi, zilindele ingozi, ziyakwazi ukumboza imikhondo yazo.
I-European roe deer
Ingulube
Isilwane esikhulu, esinezinselo ezinamazengezane, esidla omnivorous. Ingulube yasendle impela ingukhokho wezingulube ezifuywayo. Izingulube zasendle zihlala ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseWestern Siberia. Indawo ayithandayo yokuhlala ama-steppes.
Ihlukile kwizingulube ezifuywayo ngoba inosayizi omncane womzimba, kepha inamandla futhi inamandla. Yize iqiniso lokuthi izingulube zasendle ziyisilwane esikhulu (isisindo esifinyelela ku-200 kg), sigijima kakhulu.
Izingulube zingabonwa ngamazinyo aphuma emlonyeni, asebenza njengethuluzi lokuzivikela futhi azisize zithole ukudla. Izinhlaka zezingulube zasendle zaseSiberia zinzima, zimnyama ngombala, ngokuhlanganiswa kombala onsundu nophuzi.
Ingulube yasendle
Ilulwane
Igundane lelulwane lingele-oda lezilwane ezincelisayo. Lezi zilwane zizingela ebusuku kuphela futhi azilokothi zihlale phansi, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuthi zikhuphuke phansi.
Zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezipholile, ezimnyama nasemihumeni. Lapho, bagoqa amaphiko abo futhi babambelela emilenzeni yabo, balengise ikhanda phansi. Ziphila ngokudla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
I-bat ihlukaniswa ngama-auricles amakhulu namazinyo abukhali. Ebusika, amalulwane agibela emifantwini okunzima ukufinyelela kuyo futhi alala ubusuku bonke. Ilulwane liwuphawu lobuthakathi nokuzifihla.
Esithombeni kukhona ilulwane
Impungushe
Impungushe ingesinye sezilwane ezidla i-canine. Uboya babo obucijile bufakwa imfudumalo nobungqabavu bawo. Izimpungushe zinomsila omkhulu othambile u-60 cm, kanti ubude bomzimba we-fox ngu-90 cm.
Ngokuyinhloko izimpungushe zitholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile. Zithathwa njengezilwane ezidlayo, kepha uma kungabikho ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni, zingadla ngokudla kwezitshalo.
Umkhohlisi wejinja uhlala emigodini futhi wakhe izindlu zawo emagqumeni ukuze amanzi angafiki lapho. Umbala we-fox uhluka kancane kuye ngesizini, ehlobo uyakhanya, futhi ebusika uphenduka amathoni aphuzi futhi aphelile.
Ibhere elinsundu
Amabhere yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu kunazo zonke entshonalanga yeSiberia. Bahlala emahlathini amangelengele. Isisindo sebhere elidala sifinyelela kuma-130 kg. Ngaphandle, ibhere elixakile nelingaconsi phansi, elikwaziyo ukusheshisa ngokushesha isivinini esifinyelela kuma-55 km ngehora.
Amabhere ansundu adla inyama, amantongomane namajikijolo. Amabhere anekhono lokudoba futhi athanda ukuchitha isikhathi osebeni lwemizimba yamanzi, lapho ngasikhathi sinye engakuthandi ukugeza uboya bawo obukhulu. Balala ebusika.
Imbuzi yasentabeni
Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izimbuzi zihlala ezintabeni. Zikhetha imihosha noma amawa amakhulu. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, ziba sengozini enkulu, ngoba azihambi ngokushesha okukhulu zinqamule ithafa.
Kodwa izimbuzi zezintaba zaziwa njengabagibeli abaphambili. Lezi zilwane ezinezinselo ezincane zidla utshani nobulembu. Zimnyama, zibomvu futhi ziyisiliva. Kulezi zinsuku, uboya bezimbuzi zasezintabeni buyathandwa embonini yezemfashini.
Izilwane zasendle zaseSiberia ingatholakala ohlangothini olusempumalanga nasengxenyeni esentshonalanga yesifunda. Ngakho-ke, ayikho imingcele ecacile yendawo yabo noma ukunyakaza kwabo.
Izilwane zaseSiberia ushaya umcabango ngokwahluka kwawo, ubuhle nokukhuthazela. Ummeleli ngamunye, kusuka ku-hedgehog encane kuya ku-tiger enkulu, kufanele ahlonishwe.
Ngeshwa kukhona izilwane ISiberia, ebhalwe kuRed incwadi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu, kuyisici somuntu kanye nezimo zezulu eziguqukile zomhlaba. Izilwane ezingavamile zaseSiberia, okumbalwa kuphela okuvikelwe yizinqolobane.
Esithombeni izimbuzi zasentabeni
I-hedgehog ekhulisiwe
I-hedgehog enamaqabunga amade ihlala eningizimu - entshonalanga yeSiberia. Lezi yizilwane ezincelisayo zasendulo kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okhokho bazo bavela ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs. Ihlukile kwi-hedgehog ejwayelekile ezindlebeni ezinkulu nasemilenzeni ephakeme.
Zizingela ebusuku kuphela, bese zilala ebusika. I-hedgehog enjalo idla izintuthwane, izicabucabu, amacimbi kanye namaqanda ezinyoni. Njengamanje, inani lalesi silwane lincane kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka engama-50 kubalwa ama-hedgehogs ama-5 aleliwe.
I-hedgehog ekhulisiwe
Ingwe yase-Ussurian
Indawo yokuhlala yale ndoda enhle enemigqa iseningizimu-mpumalanga yeSiberia. Isilwane esikhulu, esinamandla, esihlakaniphile, esinobuqili nesinobuciko sizingela emahlathini axubekile. Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3.5, umsila ungaphezu kwemitha.
Lezi zidlakela ezicindezelayo zinezindawo zazo zokuzingela (kufika ku-800 sq. Km), ezingakulungele ukuhlanganyela namanye amalungu esizwe.
Izakhamizi zendawo zibulala amahlosi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuze zivikeleke. Ingwe yase-Ussuri kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa nge-Amur noma ingwe yaseSiberia. Okwamanje, ibhalwe kuRed Book.
I-beaver yaseTuvinian
Yilesi silwane esincelisayo esisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Indawo abahlala kuyo iseMfuleni i-Azas. Zidla amagxolo ezihlahla nezitshalo. Sekusele ama-beavers ambalwa aseTuvan asele ngenxa yabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho.
Ukuze lolu hlobo lwenyama lunganyamalali ebusweni beplanethi, abantu bazibandakanya ngenkuthalo ekuweleni laba bantu. Okwamanje zifakwe kuRed Book of the Russian Federation.
Esithombeni iTuvan beaver
