Impungushe ejwayelekile - omunye wamaqhawe athandwa kakhulu avela ezinganekwaneni, ezihlobene kakhulu nezinganekwane zeSlavic. Abantu abaningi bahlobanisa lesi silo nobuqili nobuqili. Wazi wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kodwa hhayi wonke umuntu angaziqhayisa ngolwazi lwangempela ngemikhuba yemvelo, izici zemvelo zesilwane njengempungushe ejwayelekile. Futhi lesi yisidlakela esithandekayo, esingajwayelekile!
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Impungushe ejwayelekile
Impungushe ejwayelekile isilwane esincelisayo. Kungumndeni we-canine. Igama livela kusichasiselo sase-Old Slavonic "impungushe". Kwakusho umbala obomvu, ophuzi. Nguye ovelele kakhulu kulesi silwane. Umndeni we-canid mkhulu impela. Kukhona ama-subspecies angaphezu kwamashumi ayisihlanu wezimpungushe kuphela. Lesi sibalo asibandakanyi izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zalesi sidlo.
Impungushe yiyona enkulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwayo. Isisindo somzingeli onjalo singafinyelela amakhilogremu ayishumi. Ubude besilwane kanye nomsila ngokuvamile abudluli amasentimitha ayikhulu namashumi ayisihlanu. Impungushe idume ngomsila wayo omile, omude. Ayigcini ngokuyihlobisa kuphela, kepha futhi yenza nomsebenzi owusizo - isebenza njengohlobo lokuzinza ngenkathi isebenza. Ebusika, umsila uvikela izimpungushe emakhazeni ngesikhathi sokulala.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izimpungushe zabelana ngokufana okuningi namakati asekhaya. Ukuphakama komsebenzi walezi zilwane kwenzeka ebusuku, banamehlo amahle kakhulu, banamaqhinga afanayo okuzingela, ulimi olunolaka kanye nozipho oluvelayo.
Izimpungushe ezivamile ziyizinhlobo zezilwane ezidlayo ezibalulekile. Zibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Izilwane ezinjalo zisebenza njengomhlinzeki woboya, zingabalawuli bemvelo benani lamagundane, izinambuzane ezincane nezisemaphakathi. Kodwa-ke, yizimpungushe eziletha ukulimala okukhulu kubantu. Bangazingela izinkukhu futhi bayisifo esikhulu samarabi, isifo esiyingozi nesingelapheki.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Fox yisilwane esijwayelekile esidlayo
Impungushe idume ngokubukeka kwayo okuhehayo, okuthakazelisa kakhulu, uboya obuthambile nobuhle. Lesi yisidliwayo esikhulu impela, isisindo saso singafinyelela amakhilogremu ayishumi, nobude bomzimba ngamasentimitha ayisishiyagalolunye. Umsila wesilwane ubude obungamasentimitha angamashumi amane kuye kumashumi ayisithupha. Ubude baso buzoncika kuma-subspecies wesilo.
Izimpungushe ezivamile zinomhlathi oqinile. Sekukonke, isilwane sinamazinyo angamashumi amane nambili, angakwazi ukubhekana kalula nanoma yikuphi ukudla. Izindlebe zomzingeli ziyisici: isonxantathu ngesimo, side kancane, sikhulu kakhulu. Ithiphu ebukhali ekugcineni kwezindlebe.
Ividiyo: Impungushe ejwayelekile
Amehlo esilwane abukeka kahle kakhulu. Ziqondiswe kahle endaweni, ngisho nasebusuku. Kepha, ngokuxakile, izimpungushe zazingathembeli ekubukeni, kepha kwezinye izinzwa lapho zihamba nokuzingela: ukuhogela, ukuthinta. Banokuzwa okuhle kakhulu nekhala elibucayi kakhulu.
Umbala wejazi kubamele lolu hlobo lungahluka komunye nomunye. Izimpungushe zibomvu, ziphuzi, zimnyama nsundu. Ijazi labo likhulu futhi liminyene. Ihlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu hhayi kuphela ngokusebenza kwayo, kepha nangokubukeka kwayo. Amafolo anjalo abukeka emangalisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Zonke izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwempungushe ejwayelekile, kungakhathalekile usayizi nendawo ohlala kuyo, zinezici ezifanayo ngokubukeka. Zonke izilwane zinezindlebe ezinombala omnyama nethiphu emhlophe emsileni.
Uboya be-fox basehlobo bufushane kakhulu futhi buncane. Ubusika buhlonishwa kakhulu ngabantu. Siwugqinsi futhi siluhlaza. Lezi zidla molt kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJulayi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isikhathi sokukhula koboya basebusika siqala. NgoNovemba, ama-chanterelles agqoke ngokuphelele ngoboya basebusika.
Ihlala kuphi impungushe ejwayelekile?
Isithombe: Impungushe ebomvu yezilwane
Indawo yemvelo yezimpungushe ezivamile ibanzi impela. Lezi zilwane zihlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Afrika, eNyakatho Melika. Wethulwa futhi wahlonishwa e-Australia. Manje isilwane esinjalo sisabalale cishe kulo lonke izwekazi. Okuhlukile yizindawo ezisenyakatho. EYurophu, cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu zalesi sidalwa siphile, nakwamanye amazwe - ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.
Emazweni angenhla, izimpungushe zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba nezindawo. Bazizwa bekhululekile emahlathini, emaqeleni, ehlane, ezintabeni, emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziguquguquka kalula kwizimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Okuwukuphela kokungaba izindawo ezinomswakama ophakeme kakhulu. Ubuningi bezilwane ezindaweni ezihluke ngokuphelele zihluke ngokuphelele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu kokuguquguquka okuphezulu kwezimpungushe, eziningi zazo zabonakala ehlathini-emaqeleni, ezindaweni ezinamathafa. Bakhetha izindawo ezivulekile, naphezu kwenganekwane yokuthi izilwane ezinjalo zihlala emahlathini aminyene kuphela.
Iningi labantu balezi zilwane zihlala endle. Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe eziningi zingatholakala eduze nemizana, amadolobha, amadolobha. Abantu abazimele bodwa baze babonwa ngabantu ezingxenyeni ezimaphakathi zamadolobha amakhulu. Izimpungushe zizivumelanise ngokuphelele nezimo ezinjalo. Ukudla kwabo bakuthola emapaki, ezindlini ezingaphansi kwamabhilidi, ezindaweni zokulahla amadolobha, ezakhiweni zezolimo.
Yini edliwa impungushe ejwayelekile?
Isithombe: Impungushe ebomvu ejwayelekile
Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye. Noma kunjalo, ukudla kwabo kubanzi. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lososayensi, ukudla kwabantu abadala kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane zokudla kwezilwane nezinhlobo eziningana zokudla kwezitshalo.
Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe zivame kakhulu ukudla lokhu okulandelayo:
- Amagundane amancane. Zingabizwa ngokuthi yisisekelo sokondleka kwalezi zilwane. Ngokuyinhloko, izimpungushe zizingela amagundane e-vole. Ososayensi bayaphawula ukuthi isimo senani lezimpungushe esifundeni esithile sincike enanini nasekutholakaleni kwamagundane amancane;
- UZaitsev. Mancane amathuba okuthi ahlaselwe ngumzingeli. Ama-subspecies ambalwa kuphela azingela ama-hares nama-hares anokuphikelela okukhethekile. Futhi ngesikhathi sesifo esiwumshayabhuqe, umhlaseli angadla ngisho nezidumbu zalezi zilwane ezincane;
- Izinyoni. Lezi zilwane azibalulekile empilweni yama-chanterelles njengamagundane. Kepha impungushe ejwayelekile ayisoze yaphuthelwa ithuba lokubamba futhi idle inyoni ngesidlo sasemini. Isilo sihlasela izinyoni lapho zisemhlabathini. Amachwane awele ezidlekeni namaqanda aba yizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezizizingelayo. Ezimeni zendlala, izimpungushe zingahlasela izinyoni ezifuywayo. Babathumba beqonde ezinqolobaneni;
- Izinambuzane. Impungushe ejwayelekile ingadla amabhungane amakhulu nezibungu zawo. Ngeke adelele ngisho nezinambuzane ezifile;
- Ukudla kwemifino. Akudlaleli indima ebalulekile ekondleni kwesilwane. Izimpungushe azivamile ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo: izithelo, izithelo, amajikijolo, izimpande ezahlukahlukene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Impungushe ejwayelekile
Isikhathi sosuku osithandayo kakhulu sezimpungushe ezivamile ubusuku. Zizingela sekuhlwile, kuthi emini zikhethe ukuphumula emigodini yazo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ama-subspecies athile angachitha isikhathi efuna ukudla emini nokulala ebusuku. Imigodi yezimpungushe yinde kakhulu futhi inamakamelo amaningana ahlukene. Izilwane zingena kubo emagqumeni, emithambekeni yomhosha. Inhloso enkulu yemigodi yindawo yokukhosela engozini kanye nekhaya lezizukulwane ezizayo.
Insikazi ingazala cishe amawundlu ayisithupha ngesikhathi. Bahlala nomama wabo kwesinye sezitokisi. Ukuphepha, abesifazane benza izimbobo ngokuphuma okuningana. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi isilwane nenzalo yaso sikwazi ukubalekela uma kunengozi. Ngale ndlela, ngokwesibonelo, izimpungushe zibalekela izinja ezizingelayo.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, izimpungushe azihambi. Bakhetha indlela yokuphila yodwa. Abantu abadala bangaba khona ndawonye kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Masinyane ngemuva kokukhulelwa, owesilisa nowesilisa bayahlukana.
Impungushe isilwane esiqaphelayo, esithanda ukuthula. Akangeni ekulweni kungadingekile. Ukulwa phakathi kwezilwane kwenzeka kuphela ngenkathi yokuhlangana futhi ngenxa ye- "carve-up" yendawo. Isilwane sizama ukugwema abantu, kuyaqabukela lapho siziveza emehlweni aso. Naphezu kokuxwayiswa kwezimpungushe, bazalwa nelukuluku elikhethekile. Lezi zilwane zizohlola noma yini ethokozisayo engena endleleni yazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Fox Cub
Isikhathi sokumataniswa kwempungushe ejwayelekile sinezici ezilandelayo:
- Ihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela: kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi;
- Abesilisa bangahlela izimpi ezincane zabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, onqobayo akuyona onamandla kunabo bonke, kodwa okhaliphe kunabo bonke. Futhi phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana, lezi zilwane zidansa umdanso ongajwayelekile. Zima ngemilenze yazo yangemuva zihambe zilandelana isikhathi eside;
- Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingazala kuze kufike kumawundlu ayisithupha. Kuyaqabukela kube nabantu abangaphezu kweshumi kudoti. Ezinganeni, izindlebe zivaliwe ngokuphelele, akukho mbono. Baqala ukubona nokuzwa kuphela emva kwamasonto amabili okuqala;
- Amawundlu empungushe adla ubisi lukanina inyanga nenyanga kuphela. Bese beqala ukujwayela ukudla inyama;
- Inzalo ekhulayo yondliwa ngabazali bobabili. Kufanele bathole ukudla cishe usuku lonke;
- Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, amawundlu angashiya umgodi ngokwawo. Abantu abasha bangatholakala kude kakhulu namakhaya abo nabazali. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho beba yizisulu zezinye, izidlakela ezinkulu;
- Izimpungushe zizimela eduze nasekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, bangashiya indlu kamama bayokwakha izimpilo zabo. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kufika eminyakeni eyi-1.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bavuthwa kamuva kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpungushe ezivamile
Isithombe: Impungushe ebomvu
Abantu babevame ukuba yisitha esikhulu sezimpungushe. Abazingeli badubula lezi zilwane ngokungakhethi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimba amathuba okuba kube khona ukugxila kwamarabi. Namuhla, le nkinga ayinzima kangako ngenxa yokuba khona komuthi wokugoma ngomlomo. Ukusungulwa komuthi kusize kakhulu ekunciphiseni izehlakalo zezifo ezincelisayo. Iphinde yaqeda isidingo sokudutshulwa okuqhubekayo kwabantu abadala.
Ukudutshulwa kwezimpungushe ezivamile, kwehlile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane zisahlupheka ezandleni zabantu. Abantu abaningi bazingela ama-chanterelles ukuze bazijabulise futhi bajabule. Abantu abaningi abadala babulawa izicupho kwezinye izilwane.
Phakathi kwezilwane, izimpungushe zivame ukuhlaselwa yizimpisi nezinye izilwane ezidlayo ezibadlula ngosayizi namandla. AmaLynx, ama-wolverine, amabhere akasoze enqaba ukuzitika ngempungushe noma inzalo yayo. Ama-Ermines, ama-ferrets ngisho nama-badger abeka ingozi yokufa kuma-chanterelles. Izinhlobo ezihlala eMpumalanga zibulawa yizingwe.
Ama-subspecies amancane namancane we-fox ejwayelekile ahlushwa ukuhlaselwa yizinyoni ezinkulu zezilwane. Babulawa yizinkozi, ukhozi, uklebe, izinkozi. Kepha ngokujwayelekile, izimpungushe azikwazi ukubizwa njengezisulu ezilula. Lezi zilwane zinobuqili impela, ziyashesha futhi zikhuphuka izihlahla ngokuphelele.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Impungushe ejwayelekile yezilwane
Kuze kube manje, ayikho idatha eqondile ngenani lezimpungushe ezivamile. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi inani lalezi zilwane liphezulu impela. Kepha, ngeshwa, ijwayele ukuguquguquka.
Izici ezilandelayo zithinta ukwehla kwenani lezimpungushe:
- Izimo zezulu nesimo sezulu endaweni engokwemvelo;
- Inani nokutholakala kwamagundane amancane;
- Ukudlanga kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Ngesikhathi seqhwa elibi noma isomiso, izinga lokuzala labesifazane liyawa, iphesenti elincane lenzalo lisinda ekuvuthweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ingozi yezifo ezahlukahlukene iyanda. Kusuka kumarabi noma isifo esithile esifundeni, izimpungushe eziningi zingafa cishe ngasikhathi sinye.
Ngaphandle kobunzima obukhona, inani lezimpungushe ezivamile lanele kulo lonke uhla lwemvelo. Lesi silwane esidliwayo asifakwanga kwiRed Book, asihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo zokongiwa kwemvelo, futhi isimo sezinhlobo esizinzile futhi sibangela ukukhathazeka okuncane. Endle, izimpungushe zingaphila cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti lezilwane ezinjalo lincane kakhulu. Imvamisa, lezi zidlakela zifa zingakafiki ngisho eminyakeni yobudala emithathu. Ekuthunjweni, isilwane siphila isikhathi eside kaningi. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Impungushe ejwayelekile - isilwane esithakazelisa kakhulu, esihle. Kubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho. Unoboya obuyigugu kakhulu, futhi isilwane uqobo singabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi umlawuli wemvelo wabantu abanamagundane. Izimpungushe zisatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, zizivumelanisa kalula nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-12: 17
