Incazelo nezici
I-Nutcracker - Lona ummeleli omangalisayo womndeni we-corvid, inyoni encane, ephansi ngosayizi we-jackdaw, isisindo sayo silinganiselwe ngama-150 g. Ngakho-ke, umnikelo wayo esimisweni semvelo mkhulu kakhulu.
Umzimba walesi sidalwa esinamaphiko ungaba ngamasentimitha angama-30 ubude. Isizinda esiyinhloko sophaphe lwaso sinsundu onsundu ngokugqamile, sinamachashazi anemigqa eminingi emhlophe. I-nape yenyoni enjalo nangemuva kwamaphiko kumnyama, kanye nomsila onomngcele omhlophe, ongaba ngu-11 cm ubude.
Owesifazane angahlukaniswa kowesilisa ngephethini engacacile yamachashazi amhlophe nokukhanya okukhanyayo, nofifi kakhudlwana kophaphe, ngenxa yokuthi uvame ukuhlangana ngokubonakalayo nendawo ezungezile cishe ngokuphelele.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa insikazi ne-nutcracker yesilisa, izimpaphe ze-motley esifubeni sowesifazane ziyahlangana kancane
Izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezinjalo, njengomthetho, zenza umsindo omkhulu emvelweni. Kepha izwi le-nutcracker kuzwakala kwehlukile kuye ngezimo, imizwa yakhe kanye nesikhathi sonyaka. Uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi, izala imisindo emikhulu equbukayo efana ne- "carr-carr".
Lalela izwi le-nutcracker
Imvamisa, ukuculwa kwalezi zidalwa ezincane kubonwa njengokwe-euphonic kakhulu futhi kufana ne-triller emfushane ye-nightjar, kwesinye isikhathi kuzwakala into efana ne- "kip", "kev" ne- "tuu". Ebusika, amakhonsathi alezi zinyoni ahlukaniswa ngesisa sokushaya amakhwela, kanye neqoqo lokukhala, ukuqhuma, ngokuchofoza imisindo yesigqi.
Ububanzi balezi zinyoni bukhulu kakhulu. E-Eurasia, bahlala emahlathini ase-taiga futhi basatshalaliswa kusukela eScandinavia kuya emingceleni esempumalanga yezwe, kuyilapho futhi behlala eziqhingini zaseKuril naseJapan.
Izinhlobo
Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-nutcracker alufaki eziningi kangako, izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela. Owokuqala wabo, ohlala ensimini ye-Eurasia, usuvele uchazwe ngenhla. Futhi ukubonakala kwezinyoni kubonakala ngokusobala ama-nutcrackers afanekisiwe.
Igama lesibili: i-walnut yaseNyakatho Melika. Izinyoni ezinjalo zitholakala kumaCordeliers. Bacishe balingane nezihlobo zabo ezivela enhlobonhlobo yangaphambilini, kepha bangaba bancane kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wezimpaphe zawo wehluke ngokuphawulekayo. Isizinda saso esiyinhloko yi-grey-ash, kanti ngemuva kwamaphiko kumnyama ngezindawo ezimhlophe.
Izinyoni zinemilenze emnyama noqhwaku. Amalungu ombuso onezimpaphe ahlala emahlathini kaphayini. Abamele izinhlobo zombili zezinhlobo ze-nutcracker abasongelwa ngokuqothulwa, izinombolo zabo zibhekwa njengezinzile, futhi inani labantu likhulu impela.
Kuksha - inyoni, i-nutcracker... Ungumhlali we-taiga futhi futhi ungowomndeni we-corvid. Lezi zinyoni zicishe zilingane ngobukhulu nangokomzimba. Kepha umbala wophaphe lwe-kuksha wehluke kakhulu engutsheni yophaphe lwe-nutcracker.
Unombala ompunga onsundu, umqhele omnyama namaphiko, kanye nomsila obomvu, ukhiqiza imisindo engavumelani, ekhumbuza i- "kook", okwathiwa igama layo ngokuthi kuksa. Futhi bobabili ama-birdies kwesinye isikhathi bayadideka ne-jay, ngasendleleni, omele umndeni ofanayo nokuhleleka kwabadlulayo, okukhona kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezinyoni ezivela kuhlobo lwe-nutcracker.
I-walnut yaseNyakatho Melika, uhlobo lwesibili lwenyoni ye-nutcracker
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
Ikhaya lomdabu le-nutcracker, lihambisana negama lalo, umsedari, kepha futhi ne-spruce namanye amahlathi e-coniferous. Izikhala zamanzi azikhangi kangako kule nyoni, futhi ayizami ngisho ukunqoba imifula engaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-3 ububanzi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi lapho kunezivunguvungu neziphepho izidalwa ezinjalo zilethwa eziqhingini ezikude, lapho zigxila khona futhi zihlale njengezakhamuzi zaphakade.
Olunye uhambo, ikakhulukazi olude, alukwazi ikakhulukazi isidalwa esinamaphiko, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kungadingeki. Ayiyona isifiki. I-Nutcracker indlela yokuphila ihlala phansi. Futhi ukuze aphile ngenkathi ebandayo, wenza izinqolobane ezinkulu kakhulu zembewu namantongomane ebusika - ukudla akuthandayo.
Futhi kuphela eminyakeni lapho kunokuhluleka kwezitshalo emahlathini aseSiberia ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, imililo eminingi iba khona lapho noma izihlahla zihlushwa ukugawulwa, izilwane ezinjengezinyoni ezivela lapho ziya entshonalanga ngamanani amakhulu ukuthola eminye imithombo yokudla.
Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, imihlambi yonke yezinyoni ezifudukayo ibamba iso labantu eYurophu Ephakathi neseMpumalanga. Lapho futhi uyaphila nutcracker ngaphambi kokuba kufike izikhathi ezingcono. Ngendlela, ezinsukwini zakudala kulezi zingxenye, amaqembu amaningi alezi zinyoni, avela ndawo ndawo, ayethathwa njengesibonakaliso samashwa amakhulu.
Izakhamizi zaseYurophu ezikholelwa ezeni zamakhulu eminyaka adlule, ezingakwazi ukuthola ukuhunyushwa okulungile kokuhlasela kwemihlambi yama-nutcrackers, okuzihlanganisa nendlala, izimpi nobhadane.
Vele, i-birdie encane enjalo inezitha ezanele emvelweni. Izilwane ezincane ezinjengamakati asendle, izimpungushe, ama-martens, ama-weasel, zingaba yingozi ethile kuye ngesikhathi sokuzalisa. Zisebenzisa ukungabi namandla kwezinyoni ezinjalo, zimatasa ngokuphelele ngemizamo yokuzalanisa nokukhulisa inzalo, ziyazihlasela, futhi zidle namaqanda azo namazinyane azo.
Imvamisa ukuthambekela okunjalo kuyaphumelela ngoba ngokwemvelo ama-nutcrackers ahamba kancane kakhulu, awahlali enobuchule ngaso sonke isikhathi, ayasinda ekukhuphukeni futhi akhuphukele emoyeni kancane kancane.
Izinyoni nazo zisengozini ngezikhathi lapho zenza izinto eziningi ebusika. Ngaleso sikhathi, banomkhuba wokulahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukuqapha kwabo, abezwa noma babone noma yini ebazungezile, ngakho-ke baba yizisulu ngokungajwayelekile zezitha zabo ezinobuqili nezinobuqili.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwe-nutcracker kuhluke kakhulu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zingadla imbewu, amantongomane e-beech, amajikijolo, izithelo nama-acorn. Izinambuzane nezilwane ezinkulu ngisho nangaphezulu, eziqukethe inani elanele lamaprotheni, nakho kusebenza njengokudla kwazo.
Njengoba inomlomo omncane, i-nutcracker ingakhipha kalula amantongomane kwizigaxa
Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umzimba walezi zinyoni udinga ama-carbohydrate, ngoba yibo abawunikeza kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu esibandayo, esivame ukwenzeka ebusika emahlathini ama-taiga, amandla amaningi adingekayo phakathi nezikhathi ezibonisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zidalwa ezinamaphiko kuseyizinathi zikaphayini, eziqukethe lezi zinto ngobuningi bazo.
Amantongomane ezinyoni atholakalayo atholakala kwizigaxa. Lokhu akunzima ikakhulukazi kuma-nutcrackers. Ngemuva kwakho konke, imvelo uqobo ihlinzeke nge-birdie encane ngomlomo, eguqulwe kakhulu kulolu hlobo lomsebenzi, omude futhi omncane ngomzimba.
Kungenxa yabo ukuthi i-nutcracker ixebula izigaxa, kuthi lapho ikhipha amantongomane, iwaphule ematsheni noma ezihlahleni, ibenze bakulungele ukusetshenziswa kwabo.
Kepha ngokudla kwamaprotheni, okungukuthi, izinambuzane, ama-nutcrackers avame ukondla amaphuphu awo, ngoba izinto ezikhula ngokushesha zezilwane ezisencane zidinga lolu hlobo lokudla ngqo. Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo ziqala ukuvuna amantongomane ephayini njengoba zivuthwa. Izinyoni zivame ukukwenza lokhu ndawonye, ziqoqane ngemihlambi, emiphakathini enjalo, futhi zihamba ziyofuna ukudla.
Ukuqoqa amasheya, ama-nutcrackers ayasungula futhi awakhathali, futhi umvuzo ebusika obuneqhwa, obuqhwa inala yokudla kwabo kanye nenzalo yabo. Ukusebenza ngokungakhathali ngenkathi efudumele, i-nutcracker eyodwa kuphela ekwazi ukulungiselela cishe amantongomane ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa. Uziphatha ngesikhwama esikhethekile se-hyoid.
Ekuguqukeni kwemvelo okunjalo, okuzuzwe njengefa kusukela ekuzalweni futhi kutholakala ngaphansi komlomo, amantongomane angafika kwikhulu angathathwa ibanga elide ngasikhathi sinye. Kepha esiswini salezi zinyoni, azilingani ngaphezu kweziyishumi nambili zazo. Zonke ezinye zigcinwa.
Okulandelayo, amantongomane afihliwe endaweni yangaphambi okulungiselelwe. Kungaba umgodi esihlahleni noma ukucindezeleka emhlabathini, okususelwa kumsedari lapho isivuno sithathwe khona, ebangeni elifinyelela kumakhilomitha amane. Izinyoni ezinjalo zivame ukwenza ama-cache amaningi. Futhi imvamisa izinyoni zikhumbula kahle indawo yazo futhi ungakhohlwa.
Yize kukhona umbono wokuthi ama-nutcrackers athola izindawo zawo eziyimfihlo ngephunga. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi zeqhwa elisindayo, lokhu akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke le nguqulo ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengengaguquguquki.
Nazi nje izehlakalo zokudla kwamakhekhe ngezinye izikhathi, izindawo zokugcina ezinjalo ezinezibiliboco ezihlwabusayo ezinomsoco zingatholwa ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo: amabhere, amagundane asensimini, ama-hares, okuyinto, empeleni, engeke iziphike injabulo yokuzihlalela ngokwedelela ubunyama bezinye izidalwa eziphilayo. Futhi abanikazi bangempela bezinqolobane yizinyoni ezincane ezisebenza kanzima ngaphandle komvuzo ofanelekile.
Yingakho ama-nutcrackers azama ukwenza izindawo eziningi zokucasha. Futhi uma bebona ukuthi izingqapheli ezingafuneki ziyavela ngesikhathi sokufihla ingcebo enambithekayo, zizama ukuqinisa izindlela zokufihla.
Izinqolobane ezinkulu zamantongomane zikaphayini, ezingcwatshwe emhlabathini, azihlali zilungele izinyoni ezizenzileyo, ezinikela kakhulu ekusakazekeni kwembewu kaphayini, ezidingidwa izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezingakhathali ngale ndlela emabangeni amakhulu.
Bese kuthi izihlahla ezinhle zikhule kuzo ngobuningi bazo. Yingakho eTomsk ngo-2013 abantu bakha itshe lesikhumbuzo lalo msebenzi onezimpaphe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, i-nutcracker, empeleni, ikhathalela ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo kakhulu kunomuntu, yize kunjalo, ayikwazi ukufeza injongo yayo enkulu.
Esithombeni kunetshe lesikhumbuzo le-nutcracker eTomsk
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezifundeni eziningi zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho kutholakala khona izinyoni ezinjalo, azikho izihlahla zemisedari, kepha kunezihlahla zamantongomane, futhi yizo ezisebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wokudla lapho kulezi zidalwa. Yingakho bebiza nut nut, isibonelo, ensimini yase-Ukraine.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Lezi zinyoni, esezivele ziqaphile, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ziba nokwesaba ngokwedlulele, zizama ukungashiyi izindawo zazo zezidleke futhi zifihle emehlweni abukhali. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo zenza izinqolobane ezibalulekile zokudla ebusika ezibavumela entwasahlobo ukuthi baqale ukuzalanisa ngokushesha futhi bakhule isizukulwane esisha se-nutcrackers.
Zibeka izidleke zazo kuma-conifers, zizibeka endaweni ephakeme, bese zakha kusuka ezintweni zokwakha ezivame kakhulu: ubulembu, ubulembu, utshani kanye namahlumela. Ama-nutcrackers abo ahlanganiswe nje ngezikhathi ezithile futhi abanjwa ndawonye nobumba.
Isidleke seNutcracker esinamachwane
Izinyoni ziqala ukwenza lezi zilungiselelo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izinga lokushisa kwendawo ezungezile lenyuke ngaphezu kuka-zero. Kakade ngoMashi, kwezinye izimo - ngo-Ephreli, i-nutcracker kamama ibeka amaqanda afika ku-4 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nasesizalweni, ekufukameleni lapho ubaba womndeni emsiza khona njalo.
I-Nutcracker – inyoni ebudlelwaneni nabobulili obuhlukile, kuhlale kunjalo, okungukuthi, bodwa, ngoba amabhangqa ezinyoni ezinjalo awahlukani empilweni yabo yonke. Amalungu enyunyana yomndeni enza ukufukamela ngokulandelana, kanti ngenkathi omunye egada amaqanda, omunye wenza izindiza eziya ekudleni kwanyakenye.
Ekuqaleni, ama-nutcracker amancane nawo ayondliwa ngembewu ethanjiswe ku-goiter engumzali, kodwa uma sekufudumele kakhulu bese kuvela izinambuzane, amaphuphu ashintshela kulolu hlobo lokudla. Amasonto amathathu ubudala, abasha sebevele bezama ukuzihlola ezindizeni, futhi ngoJuni isizukulwane esisha kancane kancane sijwayela inkululeko.
Kuyiqiniso, isikhathi eside (endaweni ethile ngaphambi kokuphela kwesizini) amalungu omndeni amancane angaphansi kokuqondisa kwabazali. Izinyoni ezincane ezinjalo ziphila isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa. Uma izingozi zingasifinyezi isikhathi, kulinganiswa ngokwemvelo, ziyakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi, noma nangaphezulu.
