"Stinky" noma "Smelly Jim" - lawa magama angathandeki angaphansi kolunye lwezimfudu ezincane kunazo zonke ezihlala ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika. Engozini, ufudu lwe-musk lukhipha uketshezi lwe-viscous ngephunga elibi.
Incazelo yofudu lwe-musk
Isirhubuluzi esingesihlobo soMusk (Sternotherus / Kinosternon) futhi simelela izimfudu zomndeni iSilt (Kinosternidae)... Lesi sakamuva, esine-morphology eyehlukene, sinesici esisodwa esivamile - ikhanda elinamandla elikhulu elinemihlathi "yensimbi", lichoboza kalula amagobolondo ezinhlamvu ezincane.
Okubalulekile! UMusky ovela kwezinye izimfudu zeplanethi uhlukaniswa ngemininingwane yesici sangaphandle - uchungechunge lweziqu esikhunjeni (emqaleni nasemqaleni), okukhumbuza ama-papillomas. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinsumpa azikho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane esihuquzelayo siyilungu le-suborder Hurt-neck turtles, igama lalo elinikezwa ngendlela ikhanda elidonswa ngayo ku-carapace: ufudu lwe-musk ligoqa intamo yalo ngokuma kwelesiLatini "S".
Ukubukeka
Intamo ende ngokwedlulele ingenye i-nuance ebeka ufudu lwe-musk ngaphandle kwabanye. Ngenxa yentamo, lesi silwanyana esihuquzelayo sikhipha imilenze yaso yangemuva ngaphandle kobunzima noma yimuphi umonakalo emzimbeni. Lezi izimfudu ezincane ezilingana nesundu, kuyaqabukela zikhule zifike kumasentimitha ayi-16. Abantu abadala (kuya ngohlobo lwazo) bafinyelela kubude obumaphakathi obungu-10 kuya ku-14 cm. ubukhulu bakho:
- ufudu oluvamile lwe-musk - 7.5-12.5 cm;
- ufudu lwe-musk olufakiwe - 7.5-15 cm;
- ufudu oluncane lwe-musk - 7.5-12.5 cm;
- I-Sternotherus depressus - 7.5-11 cm.
Isizinda esivelele se-oval carapace sinombala onsundu, sihlanjululwe ngamabala omnqumo. Echibini lemvelo, i-carapace igcwele ulwelwe futhi iba mnyama ngokumnyama. Ithoni yesihlangu sesisu ilula kakhulu - i-beige noma i-olive elula. Ezimfudu ezincane, igobolondo elingenhla linamagquma amathathu anyamalala lapho ekhula. Imivimbo emhlophe yelula ngasekhanda / entanyeni yezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindala.
Ulimi lwe-musk ufudu (ngokwemvelo luncane futhi lubuthakathaka) lunokwakheka kwasekuqaleni - aluhilelekanga ekugwinyekeni, kepha lubamba iqhaza kwinqubo yokuphefumula. Ngenxa yama-tubercles asolimini, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zimunca umoya-mpilo ngqo emanzini, ozivumela ukuba zihlale echibini ngaphandle kokushiya. Ezimfudu zentsha, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyasuswa, ngenxa yokuthi abesilisa nabesifazane cishe abakwazi ukuhlukaniswa. Futhi kuphela lapho kuqala ukuzala kowesilisa umsila uqala ukwelula ngokusobala, futhi kwakheka izikali ezinamaphiko ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi zemilenze yangemuva.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lezi zikali, ezikhuthaza ukunamathela kumlingani ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, zibizwa ngokuthi izitho zomculo ezitshiyozayo. Igama livela emisindweni ekhalayo (eyenziwe ukuklabalasa), ngokufana nokuculwa kwekhilikithi noma izinyoni.
Izitho zofudu lwe-musk, noma zinde, zincane: zigcina ngezidladla ezinemigqa ebanzi.
Indlela Yokuphila
Kofudu lwe-musk, kuhlotshaniswa nesici samanzi - isirhubuluzi sikhasa siphume ogwini ukuze zibekele amaqanda noma ngesikhathi semvula enesikhathi eside... Izimfudu zingabhukudi ezinhle, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ziyathanda ukuzulazula ezansi zifuna ukudla okufanele. Bakhombisa ukukhuphuka ngamandla ebumnyameni, kusihlwa nasebusuku. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngesimo sokuxabana, esizibonakalisa maqondana nezihlobo zabo (kungalesi sizathu ukuthi bahlala ezindaweni zasemanzini ezahlukahlukene).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthunjweni, batatazela ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, baze bajwayele imvelo entsha nabantu. Ngalesi sikhathi nje, izimfudu ze-musk kaningi kunokujwayelekile zisebenzisa isikhali sazo esitelekayo - imfihlo ephuzi ephuzi ekhiqizwa ngababili bezindlala zemiski ezifihlwe ngaphansi kwegobolondo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukuveza izinhlangothi zazo elangeni, ezingagcini nje ngokuphumela emhlabathini, kodwa futhi zikhuphuka izihlahla, zisebenzisa amagatsha agobeke phezu kwamanzi.
Ezifundeni ezifudumele ezinemizimba yamanzi engabandi, izilwane ziyasebenza unyaka wonke, uma kungenjalo ziya ebusika. Izimfudu zaseMuscovy zisinda ebandayo ebusika ezindaweni zokukhosela ezinjenge:
- imifantu;
- isikhala ngaphansi kwamatshe;
- izimpande zezihlahla eziguquliwe;
- izinkuni drift;
- phansi okunodaka.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyakwazi ukumba imigodi futhi zikwenza lokhu lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lehla laya ku-10 ° C. Uma ichibi liba yiqhwa, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zingena eqhweni. Zivame ukulala ngamaqembu.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ukuthi ufudu lwe-musk luhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani endle alwaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kodwa isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinhlobo ekuthunjweni sisondela cishe eminyakeni engama-20-25.
Indawo yokuhlala
Ufudu lwe-musk luvela empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeCanada ngisho naseChihuahua Desert (Mexico). Ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivamile kusukela eNew England naseningizimu ye-Ontario kuya eningizimu yeFlorida. Ekuqondeni entshonalanga, uhla ludlulela eCentral / West Texas naseKansas.
Izindawo zokuhlala eziyizintandokazi zimile futhi zigeleza kancane kancane amanzi angenasawoti (ngokujula okujulile nangaphansi okunosilika). Ezindaweni eziseningizimu zoluhla, izimfudu zisebenza unyaka wonke, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ziyalala.
Ukudla kofudu lwe-musk
Ama-Musk turtles angama-omnivorous futhi akhukhula cishe konke okulele phansi, abakuhlola imini nobusuku... Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezikhulayo, njengomthetho, zidla izitshalo zasemanzini nezinambuzane, futhi ezimweni ezingavamile, amaqabane azo.
Ukudla kwezilwane ezindala kuqukethe izinto ezinjenge:
- ama-molluscs, ikakhulukazi iminenke;
- izimila;
- inhlanzi;
- ama-centipedes;
- izikelemu zasemanzini;
- isidumbu.
Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ezihuquzelayo azikudeleli ukubola kwesidumbu, zibizwa ngokuhleleka kwamadamu.
Okubalulekile! Lapho ugcina ufudu lwe-musk ku-aquarium yasekhaya, kufanele ijwayele ukunemba nokudla okuthile. Ukuze ukudla kungalali phansi, kumiswa ngezinaliti ezikhethekile futhi ngale ndlela kunikezwa izimfudu.
Ekuthunjweni, imenyu ye-musk turtle ishintsha ngandlela thile futhi imvamisa yakhiwa le mikhiqizo elandelayo:
- ama-crustaceans;
- inhlanzi ethosiwe;
- inkukhu ebilisiwe;
- izitshalo - i-duckweed, ulethisi, i-clover, ama-dandelions;
- izithako ze-calcium nevithamini.
IMusk ufudu akumele ibekwe ku-aquarium enezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa, ngaphandle kwalokho izobadla.
Izitha zemvelo
Zonke izimfudu zinezikhali eziqinile, kepha, ngokumangazayo, azibaqinisekisi ngokuphepha ngokuphelele - usongo luvela enanini elikhulu lezitha ezihlala emanzini nasemhlabeni. Icala elikhulu ngokuqothulwa kwezihuquzeli lilele kubantu, ukuzingela izimfudu zamaqanda azo, inyama, amagobolondo amahle, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nje ngenxa yesithukuthezi.
Izilo ezidliwayo
Amakati amakhulu nezimpungushe zasendle zalengiswa ngokuhlukanisa okhaphethi abaqinile, baphonsa izimfudu zisuka endaweni ephakeme ematsheni... I-jaguar, isibonelo, ngokucophelela (ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela) idonsa isilwane esihuquzelayo egobolondweni laso, njengokungathi asiphathi ngezinzipho, kodwa sinensimbi ebukhali ebukhali. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhlaseli akavamile ukwaneliseka ngofudu olulodwa, kodwa ngokushesha uphendulela amaningana emhlane wakhe, akhethe indawo (ngaphandle kwezimila). Ebhodini lokusika elinjalo, isirhubuluzi asikwazi ukubamba okuthile, sisukume sikhase sisuke.
Izidlakudla ezinesiba
Izinyoni ezinkulu ziphakamisela ama-musk turtles esibhakabhakeni bese zisuka lapho ziwajikijela ematsheni ukukhipha okuqukethwe kugobolondo oluqhekekile. Ngisho namagwababa azingela izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane, okufanele zinakwe lapho kugcinwa izimfudu ngaphandle. Kungcono ukumboza i-aviary ngenetha noma ubuke isilwane lapho sikhasa ukuphuma ukuze sifudumale.
Izimfudu
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zivame ukudla abantu futhi zivame ukuhlasela izihlobo ezibuthakathaka, ezincane noma ezigulayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ama-musk turtles (ngokungabikho kokudla noma ubudlova obedlulele) ahlasela abantu bakubo, ashiye owokugcina engenamsila, izidladla futhi ... engenakhanda.
Izinhlanzi ezidla ezinye
Laba bantu abangabafuni ngokwemvelo basongela izimfudu ezincane lapho bezalwa.
Okubalulekile! Uma ugcina ufudu lwe-musk ekhaya, zama ukuluqhelisa kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezinemilenze emine, ikakhulukazi amagundane nezinja. Lesi sakamuva singaluma ngegobolondo, kuyilapho esedlule siluma imilenze kanye nomsila wofudu.
Izinambuzane nezinambuzane
Izimfudu ze-musk ezibuthakathaka nezigulayo ziphenduka isisulu esilula samabhungane amancane nezintuthwane, eziluma kahle izingxenye ezithambile zomzimba wofudu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlupho, kufaka phakathi ama-parasites, isikhunta, i-helminths kanye nama-virus, zihlasela izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ubude be-carapace (obuhlukile ngohlobo ngalunye) kuzokutshela ukuthi ufudu lwe-musk lukulungele ukuzala uhlobo lwalo. Isikhathi sothando siqala ngokufudumala futhi sihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa, imvamisa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni... Isirhubuluzi senza ukuhlangana okungu-2-4 ngesizini ngayinye, okukhombisa ukuzala kwaso okuhle kakhulu. Abesilisa banothando ngokweqile futhi abaneliseki. Kungcono uma kukhona abalingani abaningi: ama-harem akwazi ukwanelisa isifiso sobulili besilisa ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yabesifazane.
Kungakho kuma-aquariums asekhaya kuvame ukuba nomakoti aba-3-4 ngomkhwenyana ngamunye. Owesilisa akazikhathazi ngokuqomisana isikhathi eside nangokuphulula okokuqala - ukubona (nokunuka) owesifazane okhangayo ovuthiwe ngokocansi, uyamnika isandla sakhe futhi inhliziyo yakhe imdle.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-turkey ama-musk, athobela ukucabanga okungalawuleki kwezocansi, kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana nabesifazane bezinye izinhlobo (ezingahlobene) zezinhlobo zofudu.
Ukuya ocansini kwenzeka kwikholamu yamanzi futhi kuvame ukubambezeleka hhayi ngisho namahora, kodwa usuku. Ngemuva kokukhwelana okunesithelo, insikazi ikhasa ogwini ukuze iqale ukubeka amaqanda. Indawo yokubeka ingaba:
- umgodi ombiwe ngokukhethekile;
- isidleke somunye umuntu;
- ukujula esihlabathini;
- isikhala ngaphansi kwesiphunzi esibolile;
- izindlu ze-muskrat.
Ezimweni eziningi, umama ongenankathazo ushiya inzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo (ngesimo samaqanda ama-2-7) ebusweni nje. Amaqanda (aqinile, kodwa abuthakathaka impela) ayisiyingi futhi apendwe ngombala opinki okhanyayo, kancane kancane aphenduka abe mhlophe. Izinga lokushisa lokufukamela, elithatha kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezili-107, lisukela kokungu-25 kuye + 29 ° С. Kufakazelwe ukuthi ngenkathi isengaphakathi kweqanda, izimfudu ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza uketshezi lwe-musky.
Uma ufudu lwe-musk lwasekhaya lubekele amaqanda ngqo emanzini, kufanele abanjwe ukuvimbela ukufa kwezimfudu. Izingane ezichanyuselwe zikhula ngokuxhuma, zithola ukuzimela ngokushesha futhi azidingi ukunakekelwa komama.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
I-Alabama Minor Musk Turtle ivikelwe umthetho wezwe... Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, lesi silwane sifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezingavamile nezisengozini yokuqothuka e-United States. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Sternotherus depressus encane, noma kunalokho, enye ye-subspecies yayo, yafika emakhasini e-IUCN Red List (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Zonke ezinye izimfudu ze-musk okwamanje azikho engozini.
