Ulwandle luyinto eyingqayizivele yemvelo, lapho ulwandle, umhlaba nomkhathi kuhlangana khona, kungafaki ithonya lesici se-anthropogenic. Kwakhiwa indawo ekhethekile yemvelo ogwini lolwandle, ethinta imvelo etholakala eduze. Amanzi emifula egeleza ezindaweni zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene agelezela ezilwandle futhi azondle.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu
Ukushisa komhlaba kanye nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta isimo sezilwandle. Ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa minyaka yonke lama- +2 degrees Celsius, izinguzunga zeqhwa ziyancibilika, izinga loLwandle Lomhlaba liyakhuphuka, futhi, ngokufanele, izinga lolwandle liyakhuphuka, okuholela ekukhukhulekeni nasekugugulekeni kolwandle. Ngekhulu lama-20, ngaphezu kwengxenye yamabhishi anesihlabathi emhlabeni abhujiswa.
Omunye wemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ngamandla, imvamisa yeziphepho, kanye nokwanda kwesilinganiso samanzi akhuphukayo. Lokhu kuphazamisa impilo yabantu abahlala ngasolwandle. Izimo zemvelo ezinamandla ziholela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo, ngenxa yalokho okungacekelwa phansi izindlu kuphela, kepha nabantu bangafa.
Ubuningi bokusetshenziswa komhlaba
Izinqubo zokufuduka zinomkhuba wokuthi abantu bathuthele ngokwengeziwe hhayi endaweni yezwekazi, kepha ogwini. Ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu ogwini liyakhula, izinsiza zolwandle kanye nomugqa osogwini zisetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi umthwalo omkhulu emhlabeni uyenzeka. Ezokuvakasha ziyachuma emadolobheni asogwini lolwandle, okwandisa imisebenzi yabantu. Lokhu kwandisa izinga lokungcola kwamanzi kanye nogu uqobo.
Ukungcola kwezilwandle
Kunezizathu eziningi zokungcola kwezilwandle zomhlaba futhi, ikakhulukazi, izilwandle. Izindawo zamanzi zihlushwa imfucuza yasendlini namanzi angcolile kungaphansi kwezimboni. Umthombo wokungcola akuyona imifula egelezela olwandle kuphela, kodwa futhi namabhizinisi ahlukahlukene, imvula ene-asidi, umoya ongcolile, imishanguzo yezolimo. Amanye amafemu atholakala eduze kolwandle, okuyinto elimaza imvelo.
Phakathi kwezilwandle ezingcolile kakhulu emhlabeni, okulandelayo kufanele kubhalwe ohlwini:
- IMedithera;
- Mnyama;
- Azov;
- IBaltic;
- INingizimu China;
- I-Lakkadivskoe.
Izinkinga zemvelo yolwandle zisasebenza namuhla. Uma singabanaki, lapho-ke hhayi kuphela ukuthi isimo samanzi oLwandlekazi Lomhlaba siyoba sibi kakhulu, kepha eminye imizimba yamanzi nayo inganyamalala emhlabeni. Isibonelo, uLwandle i-Aral lusengcupheni yenhlekelele.
