Uma udabula ihlathi-itundra noma i-taiga enyakatho yenkabazwe, ungahlangana nedada elinezimpondo eziphezulu, elifushane iwigi... Umzimba nezimpiko zowesilisa zimbozwe izimpaphe ezimpunga bese kuqhathaniswa nombala we-chestnut wekhanda nentamo. Abesifazane abakhanyi kangako, okungamangalisi - bachamisela inzalo, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukuzihehela wena.
Incazelo nezici
Idada leWigi ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-45-50. Isisindo somzimba wesilisa sisuka ku-600 kuye ku-1100 amagremu. Abesifazane bathatha kalula — kusuka ku-500 g kuya kukhilogremu. Amaphiko afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-78-86. Ukuvela kwale nyoni yamanzi kuncike ezicini eziningana:
- phansi;
- ubudala;
- isizini.
Entwasahlobo nangoJuni ukuzulazula kowesilisa ehlukaniswa kalula kowesifazane. Inhloko nentamo umbala ojulile we-chestnut onamachashazi amnyama. I-goiter ibomvu-mpunga. Indawo ephakathi komlomo kanye nangemuva kwekhanda imakwe ngomugqa okhanyayo ophuzi noma omhlophe. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba impunga, nemigqa emnyama kuwo.
Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, izimpaphe zesilisa zihluke kakhulu kwezimpaphe zezinsikazi.
Izimpaphe zomsila omfushane zimpunga, kepha okwethembisayo nezinhlangothi zalo kuyinki. Uma ukhulisa umhlambi wamadada ephikweni, khona-ke iwigi endizeni izovula isisu esimhlophe. Izimpaphe ezimhlophe zibonakala ngokusobala ehlombe lamaphiko.
Onqenqemeni olulandelayo lwephiko ngalinye, kunendawo eluhlaza okukhanyayo ebeka onsomi. Abaqaphi bezinyoni bayibiza ngokuthi yisibuko. Ithiphu yomlomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlotshiswe nge- "marigold" enombala oyinki. Njengoba seyiphumele emhlabathini, i-wigeon ngobuhlakani iyabhinca ngezidladla zayo zomlotha.
Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana, lapho insikazi izalela amaqanda, umlingani wayo undizela e-moult ukuyoshintsha ingubo yakhe yothando “yomkhosi”. Izimpaphe ezimpunga ngemuva zithathelwa indawo onsundu. Ngokumelene nalesi sizinda, amagagasi ansundu ayabonakala. Kepha ezimpikweni, isibuko esikhangayo nemivimbo emhlophe kusabonakala.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nomlingani wakho ukuzulazula kwesifazane kubukeka kunesizotha, akuxhomekile kwisizini nemidlalo yomshado. Izimpaphe ikakhulu nsundu ngezindawo ezimnyama. Isibuko naso asibonakali kangako - siluhlaza-mpunga.
Isisu sakhe simhlophe. Uqhwaku olumpunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengowesilisa, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nethiphu lamalahle. Ama-wiggles amancane afana ngombala nowesifazane. Iqiniso lokuthi phambi kwakho akusilo umuntu omdala kungaqagelwa ngenxa yamabala amnyama esiswini nesibuko esikhanyayo.
Kuya ngesizini izwi lewigi iyashintsha. Idrake ingabonwa ngempempe, okuthi kwabaningi ifane nokuncwina kwethoyizi lenjoloba. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, idrake limemeza kakhulu, i-buzz ixubene nempempe. Insikazi inezwi eliphansi futhi eliqinile. Ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile ze "ngoma" yakhe, u-sviyaz wathola iziteketiso eziningi phakathi kwabantu: fistula, sviyaga, whistler.
Lalela izwi ledada elizulazulayo
Lalela izwi lomthakathi waseMelika
Izinhlobo
I-Sviyaz yizinhlobo ezingokwe-oda le-Anseriformes, umndeni wedada, uhlobo lwamadada omfula. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zale nyoni:
- i-eurasian;
- WaseMelika;
- zikanokusho.
Isiqhingi sase-Amsterdam esisoLwandlekazi i-Indian sasikade sihlalwa ukuzulazula kwezindiza okungahambi ngendiza e-Amsterdam. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwaqothulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18.
Ukuzulazula kwase-Eurasia itholakala eYurophu (e-Iceland, eScotland, enyakatho yeNgilandi, eScandinavia, eFinland). Le nyoni ibuye izidleke enyakatho yeKazakhstan. Noma kunjalo, kuvame kakhulu eRussia. Abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuhlala enyakatho yeSifunda saseLeningrad.
Inyoni izwa kamnandi esifundeni se-Arkhangelsk. ESiberia, imihlambi yamadada izalela emaphethelweni asenyakatho yethaiga, futhi itholakala eningizimu yeChibi iBaikal. IKamchatka neChukotka yizindawo zayo ezivamile. Indawo emaphakathi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia ayimkhangi, ngakho-ke izindawo zokudlela azivamile ukutholakala lapha.
Iwigi yaseMelika - inyoni ehlala eNew World. Yize indawo yokusabalalisa ibanzi impela, leli dada alitholakali ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-Alaska naseCanada. Ayitholakali eNyakatho naseNingizimu Dakota, e-Idaho, eMinnesota, eColorado, e-Oregon nase-Eastern Washington. Lezi zinhlobo zibukeka zifana kakhulu nomzala wayo wase-Eurasia.
Ukubuka ukuzulazula okunethezeka, kuzofanele uye eNingizimu Melika: iChile, i-Uruguay, iziQhingi zaseFalkland, e-Argentina - izindawo zalolu hlobo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezimbili, inhloko yabantu abahlala eNingizimu Melika iluhlaza ngombala wensimbi, inezihlathi ezimhlophe nebunzi.
Indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala
USviyazi akayena umuntu ngamunye futhi uthanda ukwenza konke ngokuhlanganyela: ukuphakela, ukufudukela eningizimu nasemuva, isidleke. Njengoba ayizinyoni zasemanzini, la madada akhetha amadamu amanzi angenasawoti anamanzi abuthakathaka wamanje noma amanzi amile. Lokhu kungaba ngamachibi e-taiga, amachibi emifula ethulile ethule, amaxhaphozi.
Umthakathi uzogwema izindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile. Okufanelekile kungaba yichibi, eduze kwalo kunehlathi elingajwayelekile, futhi ibhange elincane limbozwe utshani bemifula. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sasebusika, imihlambi yamadada nayo ihlala emachwebeni olwandle, ivikelwe ngamatshe emoyeni.
Yize umthakathi eyinyoni efudukayo, kunabantu abambalwa abaye bathanda iziQhingi zaseBrithani futhi abangaze bazishiye. Imihlambi yamadada indizela ebusika ngoSepthemba. Imizila yokufuduka nendawo yokugcina okuya kuyo incike ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke. Ngale ndlela iqembu lase-Iceland lifudukela e-Ireland naseScotland, elingenakubizwa ngeningizimu ngamazinga abantu.
Izakhamizi ezinezimpaphe zaseSiberia naseKazakhstan zilibangise ogwini lweCaspian nolwandle olumnyama, noma eningizimu yeYurophu noma enhlonhlweni yase-Iberia. Kusukela empumalanga, izinyoni zindiza ziye eMiddle East noma nase-Afrika, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela eTanzania. Ibuyela kumasayithi wokwakha izidleke ukuzulazula entwasahlobo - cishe maphakathi no-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, lezi zibhangqwana sezivele zakhiwe.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Imibhangqwana yakha ekwindla noma ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwentwasahlobo. USviyazi bathandana bodwa: ngemuva kokukhetha umlingani, owesilisa akazibheki ezinye izinyoni. Lapho anonyaka owodwa ubudala, amadada afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi futhi angangena emidlalweni yokukhwelana.
Idrake incibilikisa izimpaphe zayo, ikhombisa bonke ubuhle bayo, bese iqala ichaze imibuthano emanzini ukuze ihehe owesifazane ayithandayo. Uphakamisa ikhanda amemeze kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela aqine izimbangi. Kwenzeka ukuthi enye idrake esencane ingamtholi umlingani, bese izama ukulwa nowesifazane osevele ematasa. Lapho-ke impi ingaphula isiko elinokuthula.
Ngemuva kwemidlalo yothando, owesifazane uyaqhubeka nokuhlela isidleke. Idada lithola indawo ecashile eduze kwamanzi. Amagatsha alenga ezihlahleni, utshani basogwini, izimpande zezihlahla ziyakufihla emehlweni angafuneki.
USviyaz akakwazi ukubizwa ngomakhi oncomekayo: ikusasa "imbeleko" imbobo emhlabathini enobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-5-8. Phansi kugcwele izindwani zotshani namahlumela amancane. Ngenkathi insikazi ifukamela amaqanda, ungqimba lwephansi nezimpaphe zikamama kuyanqwabelana.
Idada lizalela amaqanda ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Bamba ngokuvamile has 6-10, kancane 12 amaqanda ukhilimu ezintekenteke. Ithoni ilingana, ngaphandle kwezinkomba noma amabala. Amaqanda angamasentimitha angu-4-5 ubude.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuqala kokufukamela, ama-drake ashiya izintombi zawo andizela e-molt. Ngalesi sikhathi, zingatholakala emachibini aseNtshonalanga yeSiberia, eKomi Republic (phezulu Pechora), ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Ob, Ural neVolga. EYurophu, ama-wiggles akhetha amathafa asogwini ukuze ancibilike
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-25, amatshwele azulazulayo achanyuselwa. Isikhathi samahora angama-24 bahlala esidlekeni bome. Ngemuva kwalokho, sebevele bayakwazi ukulandela unina baye emanzini futhi babhukude. Imizimba yamadada imbozwe ngobuningi phansi.
Ukushintshwa kancane kwezimpaphe kuthatha cishe inyanga nengxenye. Lapho nje lokhu kwenzeka, abasha bayama ophikweni bese beqala ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo bebodwa. Ngaphansi kwendawo yemvelo, umthakathi uphila kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu. Ekuthunjweni, lapho ingozi ingafakwanga khona, idada lingaphila isikhathi esiphindwe kane kuya kwesihlanu.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla okuvamile kwama-wiggles kungukudla kwezitshalo kuphela. Vele, zidla utshani nembewu, lezi zinyoni nazo zigwinya izinambuzane, kepha akusona isisekelo setafula lenyoni. Imenyu enkulu yala madada utshani obukhula emanzini noma endaweni esogwini. Kokubili iziqu nezimpande eziluhlaza kuyadliwa. Ngezinga elincane kakhulu, umthakathi uthambekele ekudleni imbewu nezinhlamvu.
Phakathi kwezitshalo zasemanzini kukhona okulandelayo: i-duckweed, imbali ye-bog, ichibi, i-elodea (ngaphandle kwalokho isifo samanzi), i-vallisneria. Ezinhlotsheni zasogwini, i-sviyaz idla ama-umbelliferae, ikhanda-ikhanda, notshani obugobile. Ebusika, ngenxa yokufudukela kwezinye izindawo, indlela yokudla iyashintsha.
Izinyoni zisebenzisa lokho okutholakala emachwebeni olwandle: ulwelwe, kanye notshani obungapheli basolwandle, isikhafu. Kweminye iminyaka, ubukhulu bolwelwe buncishiswe kakhulu ngenxa yezifo. Ngemuva kwalokho umthakathi wondla ngamanzi ahlanzekile noma angene izimpukane ukuze adle izitshalo zokusanhlamvu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi umthakathi uyinyoni yasemanzini, awukwazi ukuyibiza nge-diver enhle. Akumangazi ukuthi lezi zinyoni zingabonakala echibini elifanayo elinama-swans noma amadada okuntywila, ngoba zikhulisa ukudla okungafinyeleleki ekuzulazuleni kusuka phansi.
Ukuzingelwa Kwabathakathi
Encwadini Ebomvu, isimo sokongiwa kwe-wviyazi simakwe njenge-Least Consern (LC) Lokhu kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo alusongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Abantu balezi zinyoni baningi. ERussia, ukuzingela izinhlobo eziyisithupha zamadada kuvunyelwe:
- umthakathi;
- impempe yetiye;
- impumulo ebanzi;
- i-mallard;
- idada elimpunga;
- i-pintail.
Labo abanambithe inyama ye-wviyazi baphawula ukunambitheka okubucayi. Ngemuva kokuthi isidumbu sesicotshiwe futhi konke okweqile kususiwe, isisindo senetha sizoba ngama-470 amagremu. Ukuzingelwa kwabathakathi njenganoma yimuphi nje omunye umdlalo, kuqala ngokuthola ilayisense. Ukuze uthumele imibhalo ngesikhathi, udinga ukwazi imigomo nemithetho yokukhipha imvume, esungulwa yiziphathimandla zesifunda.
Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ukuzingela kuvunyelwe nini. Ngokomthetho, inkathi yokuzingela entwasahlobo iqala ngoMashi 1 iphele ngoJuni 16. Izinsuku zesikhathi sehlobo-ekwindla ziyahlukahluka ngesifunda.
Ngentwasahlobo, ama-drake kuphela avunyelwe ukushaywa. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ungadubula amadada usendaweni efihlekile, endleleni noma esikebheni (injini kufanele icishwe). Kusukela ngo-Agasti, izinja ezizingelayo ziyavunyelwa.
ISkradok yisembozo esenza umzingeli angabonakali kulo mdlalo. Kuhlelwe kanjena: ukucindezeleka emhlabathini kumbozwe ngesakhiwo sezinti, esigcwele utshani namagatsha ngaphezulu. Kwenziwa imbobo encane ku-skradke. Iqhugwane livame ukwakhiwa ebangeni lamamitha ama-2-5 ukusuka onqenqemeni lwamanzi. Uma ukuzingela kwenzeka entwasahlobo, bagqoka ngokufudumele, ngaphandle kwalokho ungabanda ngokuqamekela.
Ukuze owesilisa akwazi ukundiza aye endaweni efanele, abesifazane abangama-2-3 abafakwe injoloba behliselwa emanzini. Ukudonsela ukunaka kubo, umzingeli ushaya ikhwela elingisa izwi ledada. Izilwane ezifakiwe kufanele zibonakale kahle emoyeni. Kuhle uma kuneziqhingi ezincane noma amathe avulekile eduze - izinyoni zithanda ukuhlala kuzo.
ISviyaz isisulu esilula ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Uma kwezinye izinyoni ukushintshwa kwezimpaphe kwenzeka kancane kancane, khona-ke leli dada lilahlekelwa yizo zonke izimpaphe ngasikhathi sinye. Kunzima ukundiza kulesi simo, futhi lolu hlobo lwamadada luba sengozini enkulu.
Ngokuya ngesizini, kuthathwa ingxenyenamba ehlukile ye-wiggler. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le nyoni iyaqina kancane kancane, yakhe izimpaphe eziqinile ngemuva kokuncibilika, kuthi ebusika zivikelwe ngokuphelele.
Ukuze ungazinqobi izinyoni ezingavunyelwe ukudliwa, ungadubula kuphela lapho ilitshe libonakala kahle. Kungcono ukutadisha kusengaphambili ukuzulazula esithombeniukugwema ukwenza iphutha. Umzingeli omuhle akasoze ashiya izilwane ezilimele, ngaphandle kwalokho inyoni izohlupheka. Ukuzingela akuyona nje intshisekelo yezemidlalo noma ukudla, kepha futhi nomsebenzi omkhulu.
Amaqiniso Athandekayo
USviyaz uyinyoni enobungane. Emachibini ungathola imihlambi emikhulu yamadada akhulumayo, anomsindo, abalelwa ezinkulungwaneni eziningana zabantu. Impisi yaseMelika kwesinye isikhathi indizela eziQhingini zeCommander, kanye naseChukotka. Uyakwazi ukuzalana ne-Eurasia.
Kwesinye isikhathi ama-wiggles ayabanjwa futhi agcinwe ekuthunjweni. Uma zonke izimo zinikezwa, idada lizophinda likhiqize ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo, idada lihlala ekuthunjweni isikhathi eside kakhulu kunasemvelweni walo wemvelo.
Kodwa-ke kunabantu abagcina umthakathi ekhaya njengesilwane esifuywayo. Unokuthula futhi ngokuzithandela uvumela uku-ayina nokugeza endlini yokugezela. Esichazamazwini sikaVladimir Dahl, ungathola amanye amagama wale dada: ikhanda elibomvu, isimungulu, isisu esimhlophe, iphiko lekhwela.
